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	Anthropocentrism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anthropocentrism (Greek άνθρωπος, anthropos, "human", κέντρον, kentron, "center"), or the 'human-centered' principle, refers to the idea that humanity must always remain the central concern for humans.
		According to anthropocentrism, all things in the universe are to be judged in their relationship to man.
		Anthropocentrism is essentially the belief that the world around a person is only important as far as it benefits or hurts that person.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anthropocentrism (245 words)

	Abandoning Anthropocentrism
		Anthropocentrism is the worldview of mankind as the centre of the universe.
		Anthropocentrism is the basis for the theistic religions, those which assume a personal deity or deities.
		Anthropocentrism was predicated on geocentrism, the view that the earth is at the centre of the universe.
	www.geocities.com /stmetanat/anthropocentrism.htm (1173 words)

	Anthropocentrism
		Anthropocentrism therefore posits a sort of hierarchy of nature, a Great Chain of Being, with Man or humankind as the intermediary between the animal kingdom and the angelic or the divine realm.
		The dark side of Anthropocentrism is similiar to the dark side of chauvinism.
		To continue with anthropocentric chauvinism therefore is to deny both the real discoveries of science, and the compassion of the Heart.
	www.kheper.net /topics/worldviews/anthropocentrism.html (1387 words)

	EARTH DAY, EVERY DAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Anthropocentrism is a very fancy way of saying, "We are all there is that’s important." Humanity.
		Of course, anthropocentrism has been around for a long time; and I’m not convinced that one, little, twenty-minute sermon will convince all of us to stop thinking that we are the be-all and the end-all.
		It’s still anthropocentric; it still focuses on the human, but it recognizes that we also need to consider future humans, not just the ones who are present now.
	members.aol.com /uuccpfil/sermons/earthday.htm (2340 words)

	The Evolution of Anthropocentrism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, to say that anthropocentrism necessarily dissolves in the rising tide of evolutionary theory is to ignore the ways in which human centered humanness plays an intriguing role in evolution.
		In his article, "Anthropocentrism: A Modern Version," W.H. Murdy integrates these two conflicting phenomena by tracking the evolution of anthropocentrism itself and proposing that Darwinian theory marks the shift from an old version of anthropocentrism to a new, modern version.
		However, by concerning ourselves with the role of anthropocentrism in the definition and survival of the human species, we seek to understand the extent to which culture, driving a set of counterbalancing but out of synch trends/expansions, is both the necessary condition for and ultimate threat to human species survival.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_cult/evolit/s04/web1/rbasom.html (1088 words)

	Glossary
		Anthropocentrism: In an anthropocentric view, the focusis primarily or exclusively on humans, with the natural world ignored or merely a background.
		There are various types and degrees of anthropocentrism, from extreme to more modified types in which nature does have some intrinsic value.
		It claims that the primary cause of the problem is anthropocentrism, which it opposes by asserting that humans are fully a part of the natural world and of equal value with all other species.
	www.uwosh.edu /faculty_staff/barnhill/ES_243/glossary.html (3508 words)

	Topics: Environmental Ethics
		Anthropocentrism, or "human chauvinism" as it is often called by its critics, is starkly expressed by Prof.
		Anthropocentrism has been regarded by many critics as the moral equivalent of racism, and accordingly has been dubbed with the derisive name of speciesism." The anthropocentrist retorts that this is mere argument from analogy, and a poor one at that.
		A more promising answer to anthropocentrism might be to attempt to dissolve the hard conceptual line that is customarily drawn between human beings and "nature," and to challenge the implicit assumption that we can somehow physically, organically, and even psychologically, detach the fate of mankind from the fate of nature.
	gadfly.igc.org /e-ethics/ee-topic.htm (17349 words)

	Anthropocentrism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		From the anthropocentric view, non-human beings that are most like human are usually considered more intelligent, for example, chimpanzees who learn to use sign language or dolphins who signal word or thought comprehension through touching electronic devices in their tanks.
		The anthropocentric view toward animals echoes the way in which many humans have discriminated against other humans because they were of different cultures, races, religions, or sexes.
		Anthropocentric humans also tend to judge non-human animals according to human cultural standards, as human groups often do with other human cultures.
	animalliberty.com /animalliberty/articles/penelope/pene-2.html (727 words)

	Human rights in the ecological context
		Anthropocentrism is an understanding of humanity as the supreme reality and value of the earth, and of all other species as having value only in their utility to humanity.
		If anthropocentrism is related to the obsolete mechanical worldview of modernism, we also need to find alternative ecological worldviews from non-religious sources.
		For example, the emphasis on the ecological self which refers to the aspect of one's being that is continuous with the larger Self (that is, the unitive dimension of being) rather than the individual self may result in obliterating all particularities.
	www.warc.ch /dcw/rw983/04.html (3898 words)

	Environmental Theology: A Judeo-Christian Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Anthropocentrism is a necessary component of any workable system of human responsibility and the doctrine of sin means that Jews and Christians understand both the promise and perils of modern technology.
		The Judeo-Christian tradition is anthropocentric, but not in the sense that there is no transcendent standard that requires humanity to account for its stewardship of the created order.
		A standard definition of anthropocentrism is the interpretation of the world through human values, and it is this human-centered worldview that many radical environmentalists want to expunge from our thinking.
	www.acton.org /publicat/m_and_m/2000_fall/hill.html (6067 words)

	On Anthropocentrism
		It is the anthropocentric view that Man is the most important being in the animalian "hierarchy" and in fact the very concept of an hierarchical arrangement of attributes is anthropocentric.
		Even the hierarchical organisation of reality into living and non-living entities implies a scheme of anthropocentric "organicity" that operates well at school level and appears to present a hard demarcation boundary but a boundary that is largely an artificial compromise and abstraction.
		Anthropocentricity either blocks the bamboo to varying degrees, or distorts the resulting instrument into an a-musical parody, irrespective of whether the subject is a diesel mechanic or a Nobel Prize winning author.
	home.global.co.za /~centaur/Anthropocentrism.html (1974 words)

	The Nature of the Value of Nature
		They have argued that nature has value independent of its contributions to fulfilling human interests; they have even argued that the value of everything, including human beings, is determined by their contribution to preserving a viable natural order, e.g., by their contribution to "the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community" (Leopold 1949: 224).
		Understanding what changes in our behavior an environmentally enlightened anthropocentrism would require of us is doubtless not a simple matter and likely would not require that every endangered species be preserved or that we all return to the sort of simple homesteader life some environmentalists seem to favor.
		For example, where it might be difficult to show that environmentally enlightened anthropocentrism requires preserving the habitat of an endangered species, respecting the needs and wants of the wild, sentient animals who inhabit that area provides a ready basis for requiring such preservation.
	ejap.louisiana.edu /EJAP/1995.spring/sapontzis.1995.spring.html (5826 words)

	Non-Anthropocentrism in a Thoroughly Anthropocentrized World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The feedback from even such an obvious social development as the increasing concentration of humans in exclusively human environments may underwrite and inscribe anthropocentrism at least as insistently as anthropocentrism in turn underwrites and inscribes that "humanization." The prevailing values arise within a world that is profoundly and beguilingly anthropocentrized.
		Looked at ecologically, the increasingly anthropocentric constitution of the "we" is in large part a consequence of the growing isolation of humans from any open-ended encounter with other lifeforms, an isolation that for many of us is now nearly complete.
		Anthropocentrization also defines the terms according to which any alternative view might emerge, the expectations in terms of which it must be defended, and the sorts of persuasive appeals that it can make.
	trumpeter.athabascau.ca /content/v8.3/weston.html (4288 words)

	[No title]
		Weak anthropocentrism: Literally 'anthropocentrism' suggests that morality should be centered on humans and that nonhumans are of peripheral moral concern.
		Anthropocentric reasons are clearly good reasons for protecting nature; what is controversial is the view that they are the only good reasons.
		Anthropocentrism as a parochial, narrow-minded, submoral approach to the earth that is largely responsible for the environmental predicament (Ehrenfeld) ; A kind of species egoism and species selfishness: The nonhuman world is one giant resource for us.
	www.cofc.edu /hettinger/Environmental_Ethics/Moral_Standing_and_Anthropocentrism.htm (846 words)

	Deep Ecology and Ecofeminism
		The cultural pervasiveness of anthropocentrism in general and anthropocentric legitimations in particular are further illustrated when one turns to consi 'der those social movements that have opposed the dominant classes of social actors to which I have been referring.
		With respect to the pervasiveness of anthropocentrism in general, it can be seen that those countermovements that have been most concerned with exposing discriminatory assumptions and undoing their effects have typically confined their interests to the human realm (i.e., to such issues as imperalism, race, socioeconomic class, and gender).
		When we examine the disputes between deep ecology and ecofeminism, it is crucial to separate their critiques of anthropocentric and androcentric environmental frameworks from their positive alternatives, for disapproval of one or several (or even all?) of deep ecology's positive frameworks is not to dismiss that movement's analysis of the domination of nature.
	www.dhushara.com /book/renewal/voices2/deep.htm (14928 words)

	20th WCP: Environmental Destruction: A Philosophical-Anthropological Perspective
		The first significant condition is that philosophical anthropology has to defend herself against the accusation of being an accomplice of "anthropocentrism" because the last named can be unanimously regarded as one of the responsibles for environmental disasters.
		The second is that she has to demonstrate her inherent capacity on enlightening reflections and interpretations on the ecological crisis.
		And she is far away from supposing a "general anthropocentrism" of mankind — comparable to an inborn egoism.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anth/AnthMein.htm (2198 words)

	[No title]
		All that is meant is that human beings are of the highest value in the known universe.=20 To construe human beings as the highest value in the known=20 universe, they are identified thus as individuals of a given kind.
		=20 This point about the sort of individualist anthropocentrism to be= discussed serves to preempt any objections that may be grounded on the=20 philosophical and moral weaknesses of radical individualism, the sort=20 derived from Hobbes and carried to its logical implications by the 19th=20 century German social thinker Max Stirner.
		They seem to=20 hold that anthropocentrism means human beings exercising random,=20 capricious control over the rest of nature---trampling on the rest of the world as they desire.
	rous.redbarn.org /objectivism/Writing/TiborMachan/Unformatted/Machan.Environ (5048 words)

	Anthropocentrism
		Anthropocentrism is the basis for all willful environmental destruction, passive ecological degradation, and human apathy as it relates to the natural world.
		I have made the anthropocentric judgement that from my perspective, human suffering is worse than animal suffering, and it should therefore be given a higher priority.
		Ishmael, who happens to be a gorilla, engaged in dialogue with a human, charges that our culture is born of the notion that we are the pinnacle of evolution and we therefore have the right to decide what lives and what dies.
	www.gnn.tv /forum/thread.php?id=4415 (7196 words)

	BRITISH MENSA - PDG
		Anthropocentrism views reality relative to Man, and maintains, directly or indirectly, that Man is the measure of all things.
		Whether in crude or subtle ways, anthropocentrism regards Man as the central fact or final aim of the Universe, or of any system; and its evaluations are always relative to Man, always based on comparisons with Man. Direct anthropocentrism is the natural world-view of naïve realism.
		The anthropocentric evolution of world-views from primitive to sophisticated can be seen as growing conflicts between subjective and objective perceptions of factual truth, all the way to the cognitive dissonances and emotional voids of today, always relative to Man.
	website.lineone.net /~theotodman/c10208.htm (4761 words)

	Religious and Cosmic Homelessness: Some Environmental Implications
		Our anthropocentrism is intimately related to, perhaps based upon, a pervasive sense of cosmic homelessness, which we must recognize first if we are to understand the role of anthropocentrism.
		For anthropocentrism is a secondary reaction to the fear engendered by our species’ apprehension of its sense of being "lost in the cosmos." It is an understandable and forgivable groping for significance that follows a prior disenfranchisement of the specifically human from a value-bestowing cosmic matrix.
		Its pervasive anthropocentrism follows not only from the ancient and modern versions of dualism, but also from the more recent philosophical divorce of creativity from the cosmos and its relocation solely in the human sphere.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2321 (10736 words)

	ACSH > Health Issues >
		That DeGregori was describing anthropocentrism as a scientific standpoint is reasonably inferable from this passage, especially in the light of its context, though I doubt that he deliberately implied this.
		In my opinion, however, hard anthropocentrism—i.e., anthropocentrism exemplified by the gist of such statements as "Humans are the most important part of the universe"—is plain unscientific.
		Whether or not modern science is in any sense anthropocentric does not interest me. What does interest me about anthropocentrism is how this question ties in with postmodern or ecofeminist rhetoric linking modern science and sexism, homophobia, racism, speciesism, nationalism, and fascism.
	www.acsh.org /healthissues/newsID.914/healthissue_detail.asp (598 words)

	Environmental Ethics
		Generally, anthropocentric positions find it problematic to articulate what is wrong with the cruel treatment of nonhuman animals, except to the extent that such treatment may lead to bad consequences for human beings.
		Enlightened anthropocentrism, they argue, is sufficient for that practical purpose, and perhaps even more effective in delivering pragmatic outcomes, in terms of policy-making, than non-anthropocentric theories given the theoretical burden on the latter to provide sound arguments for its more radical view that the nonhuman environment has intrinsic value (cf.
		From the human-chauvinistic (or absolutely anthropocentric) perspective, the last person would do nothing morally wrong, since his or her destructive act in question would not cause any damage to the interest and well-being of humans, who would have by then disappeared.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /entries/ethics-environmental (9453 words)

	Society for Philosophy and Technology - Volume 2, numbers 3-4
		Various forms of anthropocentrism and various attempts to reawaken holism have burdened ecological reason throughout environmental philosophy.
		While it is true that many writers at least refer to the interdisciplinarity of ecology and of environmental studies, they have not noted that the definition of ecological reason itself must incorporate interdisciplinarity.
		These linkages, taking functional rationality to be definitive of reason in general, make ecological reason anthropocentric; taking substantive rationality as reason s core results in regression to premodern holisms.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/SPT/v2_n3n4html/beggs.html (2555 words)

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