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Topic: Anthropogenic climate change

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Satellite temperature record

IPCC

Global warming

Solar variation theory

Attribution of recent climate change

Global warming hypothesis

Global warming

Temperature record of the past 1000 years

Vijnanananda

Global warming controversy

	Footnotes for Table 1 of IPCC SPM WG II
		Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer).
		Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.
		Climate projections are distinguished from climate predictions in order to emphasise that climate projections depend upon the emission/concentration/ radiative forcing scenario used, which are based on assumptions, concerning, e.g., future socio-economic and technological developments, that may or may not be realised, and are therefore subject to substantial uncertainty.
	www.greenfacts.org /studies/climate_change/toolboxes/glossary.htm (7529 words)

	Climate Change Module
		An understanding of natural climate variability is also a prerequisite for the early detection of anthropogenic climate change: anthropogenic climate modifications can clearly be distinguished from natural climate fluctuations only if the structure of the natural fluctuations are known.
		Climate models have evolved today to a level where realistic simulations of of the evolution of the future global climate can be carried out for given scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions.
		This was caused by a change in the ocean circulation.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~leeman/Climate_Change_Module.html (3730 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		The differences between the climate statistics of the two simulations provide an estimate of the climate change corresponding to the doubling of carbon dioxide, and of the sensitivity of the climate to a change in the radiative forcing.
		Climate simulations based on such idealised scenarios may provide insight in to the climate response to potential policy measures leading to a stabilisation of the GHG concentrations, which is the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as formulated in its Article 2.
		The present status of the detection of climate change and attribution of its causes is assessed in Chapter 12.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/045.htm (3199 words)

	Bechmann: Risk and Uncertainty in the Climate Change Debate - 2000
		Anthropogenic climate change is a hypothetical scientific construct, which is at present becoming a social reality, because society is discussing it.
		Anthropogenization of the climate by the integration of human activities leads to the consequence that the climate is seen at least partially as a product of human decisions, and its effects are discussed as a human responsibility.
		Climate change in general and change triggered by human action is a permanent, though often dormant, concern in Western societies.
	www.itas.fzk.de /deu/Itaslit/bech00e_abstracte.htm (1156 words)

	Extinction risk from climate change : Nature
		For projections of maximum expected climate change, we estimate species-level extinction across species included in the study to be 21−32% (range of the three methods) with universal dispersal, and 38−52% for no dispersal (Table 1).
		For mid-range climate change scenarios, 19% or 45% (with or without dispersal) of species are expected to become extinct, and for minimum expected climate change 11% or 34% (with or without dispersal) of species are projected to become extinct.
		Climate projections for 2050 were divided into three categories: minimum expected change resulting in a mean increase in global temperature of 0.8−1.7 °C and in CO of 500 p.p.m.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nature02121 (3193 words)

	High-Performance Global Climate Modeling
		Additionally, it is being used at LLNL for regional climate prediction and for calculations of the transport and fate of hazardous materials in the atmosphere.
		Climate research at LLNL is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
		The principal mission of the CCCM is to improve the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of global environmental and climate change through the development and diagnosis of state-of-the-art models that represent key processes affecting the atmosphere, oceans and biosphere.
	www.llnl.gov /CASC/climate (778 words)

	Global Warming in a Chaotic Climate A Simple Conceptual Model
		Even though climate is chaotic, with weather states impossible to predict in detail more than a few days ahead, there is a predictable impact of anthropogenic forcing on the probability of occurrence of the naturally-occurring climatic regimes.
		Rather, the correct way to address such an issue is to ask instead whether anthropogenic climate change will increase or decrease the probability of occurrence of the type of drought or flood which we (or journalists pursuing some weather story provoked by a recent drought or flood) are interested.
		In a chaotic climate, one cannot expect the time-series of global temperature to increase monotonically under the impact of anthropogenic climate change.
	www.clivar.org /science/magnets.php (754 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Nuclear Portal \| Climate change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Centre for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change - The Centre is dedicated to discovering and disseminating scientific information pertaining to the effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on climate and the biosphere.
		Climatic Research Unit (CRU) - The Climatic Research Unit, based at the University of East Anglia, UK, is widely recognised as one of the world's leading institutions concerned with the study of natural and anthropogenic climate change.
		Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research - The Tyndall Centre is a national UK centre for trans-disciplinary research on climate change.
	www.world-nuclear.org /portal/climate_change.htm (666 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Externally forced climate variations may be due to changes in natural forcing factors, such as solar radiation or volcanic aerosols, or to changes in anthropogenic forcing factors, such as increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases or sulphate aerosols.
		As noted in the SAR, the unequivocal attribution of climate change to anthropogenic causes (i.e., the isolation of cause and effect) would require controlled experimentation with the climate system in which the hypothesised agents of change are systematically varied in order to determine the climate’s sensitivity to these agents.
		To attribute all or part of recent climate change to human activity, therefore, we need to demonstrate that alternative explanations, such as pure internal variability or purely naturally forced climate change, are unlikely to account for a set of observed changes that can be accounted for by human influence.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/443.htm (960 words)

	http://www.qando.net/ - Speaking of Scientific Consensus on anthropogenic Climate Change
		"Climate change is real" is a meaningless phrase used repeatedly by activists to convince the public that a climate catastrophe is looming and humanity is the cause.
		So, it’s your position that "climate change is probably happening", that there is an anthropogenic component to it and that this U of C summary is credible.
		It merely argues that the climate changes all the time (uncontroversial) and — in their own opinion — that the human impact is "impossible to distinguish".
	www.qando.net /details.aspx?Entry=3988 (9270 words)

	Is the Global Rise of Asthma an Early Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change?
		We hypothesize anthropogenic climate change as a plausible contributor to the rise in asthma.
		Climate change might readily explain more than just increased morbidity among those with the condition; it could also be a candidate for increasing the initial susceptibility to asthma and hence the prevalence of the condition.
		To tease out the climate change-asthma relationships, it will be necessary to distinguish between an increase in the prevalence of asthma and an increase in the morbidity, incidence, and burden of disease, because climate change may contribute to both a rise in prevalence and increased severity.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2005/7724/7724.html (4712 words)

	ABSTRACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since the rate of warming depends on uncertain feedbacks in the climate system it is desirable to estimate what part of the warming in the observed climate record is anthropogenic and to assess if the model simulations are realistic.
		The goal is to distinguish the "signal" of anthropogenic climate change from variability inherent in the climate system ("noise") and from the response to other, natural, mechanisms which influence the mean state of the earth's climate, such as variations in solar radiation or climate effects of volcanism.
		The sensitivity of results to uncertainties in the signal of anthropogenic and natural climate change, and to uncertainties in our knowledge of internal climate variability are assessed.
	www.stat.ncsu.edu /environmental/gabbi.html (259 words)

	Climate Change Resources
		Here are a couple of interesting radio shows about climate change that i found recently, cheers to radio ecoshock for the lead.
		I found this SUPERB video from the university of columbia, it is a presentation on the the current state of scientific understanding on climate change and a look at what this knoledge tells us about how the poor are going to be affected.
		The report is full of easy to understand charts, images and diagrams to beter explain my argument which is that climate change is a very serious problem which requires a reduction on carbon emmisions of around 70% on 1990 levels by 2050 and that failure to do so will be disasterous, environmentally, economically and socially.
	climatechangeresources.blogspot.com (3218 words)

	Is anthropogenic climate change thousands of years old? - TheStormTrack.com
		The anthropogenic era is generally thought to have begun 150 to 200 years ago, when the industrial revolution began producing CO2 and CH4 at rates sufficient to alter their compositions in the atmosphere.
		A different hypothesis is posed here: anthropogenic emissions of these gases first altered atmospheric concentrations thousands of years ago.
		Plague-driven CO2 changes were also a significant causal factor in temperature changes during the Little Ice Age (1300â“1900 AD).
	www.thestormtrack.com /2005/11/is_anthropogenic_climate_chang.php (451 words)

	Lecture 32
		It is the change in climate from the average or mean over a time interval of interest.
		The climate is measured by the average surface temperature of the Earth.
		(which cause changes in the distance from the sun; in the tilt of the axis of rotation, and in the precession of the equinoxes.
	irina.eas.gatech.edu /lectures/Lec32.html (634 words)

	Observations of Anthropogenic Climate Change in the Oceans and Their Implications for Society III: Posters - Ocean ...
		Climate models predict an intensification of the hydrological cycle with possible implications for the thermohaline circulation of the ocean, as greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere increases.
		Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions may trigger thresholds in the climate system leading to long lasting or irreversible climate change.
		Climate model projections of global warming suggest, for example, that the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) may persistently weaken or even collapse in response to anthropogenic climate forcing.
	www.agu.org /meetings/os06/os06-sessions/os06_OS15D.html (3854 words)

	ONE ° : Climate Change & Environment Blog from The Weather Channel
		As commented on previously by colleagues and me at the scientist-run website RealClimate, it is impossible to implicate human-caused climate change for individual meteorological events such as Hurricane Katrina, or even last year's devastating Atlantic hurricane season.
		It has sometimes been asserted (for example, by the NOAA National Hurricane Center) that the recent upturn in hurricane activity is due to a natural cycle with a period of roughly 50 to 70 years, the so-called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ("AMO").
		In a paper we published earlier this year in the American Geophysical Union journal Eos, my collaborator Kerry Emanuel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and I argued that human induced climate change, rather than naturally occurring ocean cycles, is mostly likely responsible for the trend towards increased frequency and strength of North Atlantic hurricanes.
	climate.weather.com /blog/9_11266.html (1109 words)

	Climate change - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cyclical nature of the sun's energy output is not yet fully understood; it differs from the very slow change that is occurring to the sun as it ages and evolves.
		A controversial hypothesis by William Ruddiman [1] suggests that the rise of agriculture and the accompanying deforestation led to the increases in carbon dioxide and methane during the period 5000–8000 years ago.
		Climate Change Freeview Video Interview 2006 with Sherwood Rowland, Nobel Laureate (1995) for work on Ozone Depletion discusses Climate Change provided by the Vega Science Trust.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anthropogenic_climate_change (3125 words)

	Anthropogenic Climatic Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although Soviet authors recognize that many factors contribute to climate change, they argue that the change in CO2 levels is the dominant one.
		The implication of these analyses is that the future greenhouse world (climate change induced by man-made activities) may be largely favorable, at least by these reconstructions by Soviet scientist for a large part of the northern hemisphere.
		Central to this discussion is the relative roles and contributions to climate change of orbital changes and atmospheric CO2 changes.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/006-135/006-135.html (304 words)

	Global Climate Change Student Guide
		Section 6.9 examined the possible future scenarios of anthropogenic climate change, dependent on the rate at which mankind continues to alter the composition of the atmosphere and affect the radiative balance of the climate system.
		Even the IPCC's most optimistic emissions projections do not preclude the possibility that severe impacts of climate change (discussed in section 6.10) will be experienced during the twenty-first century.
		Although detection of greenhouse-forced climate change has not been detected with absolute certainty (section 6.8), the time has now come to assess just what is required to avert a potentially unprecedented destabilisation of the climate system's present equilibrium.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /Resources/gcc/6-11.html (102 words)

	MIT Joint Program on the Science & Policy of Global Change
		The Program's work is focused on the integration of natural and social science aspects of the climate issue, to produce analyses relevant to ongoing national and international discussions.
		The IGSM is a comprehensive research tool for analyzing potential anthropogenic global climate change and its social and environmental consequences.
		The IGSM includes consideration of climate science, technical change, and economic and social science, in an interacting set of computer models designed for study of the sensitivities and uncertainties that are crucial to policy evaluation.
	web.mit.edu /globalchange/www (277 words)

	Identification of anthropogenic climate change using a second-generation reanalysis
		Changes in the height of the tropopause provide a sensitive indicator of human effects on climate.
		Climate data from these initial model-based reanalyses have well-documented deficiencies, raising concerns regarding the robustness of earlier detection work that employed these data.
		The spatial pattern of height increase is consistent with climate model predictions of the expected response to anthropogenic influences alone, significantly strengthening earlier detection results.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004JD005075.shtml (455 words)

	Global Climate Change - CISAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When faced with the potential for abrupt climatic changes, where actions taken now may precondition unforeseen changes that cannot be reversed, policymakers need to have at hand a balanced perspective about the probabilities for such future climatic changes.
		Previous work by Schneider and others has shown that humans are causing a discernible impact on climate, and contributions from Root and additional researchers have shown that the changing climate is already transforming various ecosystems of the natural world.
		The next step is to show the degree to which human-induced climate change has affected plants and animals in the last fifty years or so.
	cisac.stanford.edu /research/global_climate_change (477 words)

	UN REPORT LISTS EVIDENCE FOR ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The retreat of mountain glaciers "provides some of the clearest evidence for a change in energy balance at the Earth's surface since the turn of the century".
		But the report cautions that "although the above findings are broadly in line with model predictions for climate change, it must be stressed that it is still not possible to attribute the observed global warming specifically to increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases".
		According to UNEP Deputy Director, Dr Noel Brown, "There are now very definite signals that the earth's climate is indeed changing." ("No place on earth for more consumers", The Australian, 8 March 1994).
	archive.greenpeace.org /climate/database/records/zgpz0239.html (162 words)

	Part III, Section 3: Anthropogenic Climate Change - Land Cover Changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, the information is recent and comprehensive on many areas of anthropogenic effects on albedo and climate change.
		This is a general overview of some of the effect humans have on the climate, although not specific to land cover loss it is a good place for a basic explanation.
		This is a very specific site discussing the effects of climate on land cover, land cover loss on climate, and other related effects humans have on the environment.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/courses/geog340/III-03.htm (253 words)

	Political Dogs: Anthropogenic Climate Change Foul Language
		As a good first step, let's drop the usage of the term "greenhouse" when we discuss the potential effects of increased levels of trace gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere might be.
		If the atmosphere suddenly changed to 50% oxygen, we'd all be in a lot of trouble.
		It does nothing to fuel honest debate on the subject and the quality of writing in some sections leads one to question their authenticity, let alone authority.
	www.politicaldogs.org /2006/08/anthropogenic-climate-change-foul.htm (549 words)

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