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Topic: Anthropological theories of value

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List of things which are neither production nor consumption

Value

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	Value (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Value is a term that expresses the concept of worth in general, and it is thought to be connected to reasons for certain practices, policies or actions.
		So, for instance, in economic theory value is often defined as "willingness to pay," despite the fact that few people actually assent to such a definition, or even exhibit such an understanding of value in their lives.
		By most interpretations of his theory of value, treating it as a variety of labor theory of value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of value was to allow the calculation of relative prices.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/v/va/value.html (840 words)

	Anthropological theories of value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anthropological theories of value attempt to expand on the traditional theories of value used by economists or ethicists.
		The concept of "value" is a social construct, and as such is defined by the culture using the concept.
		Anthropological linguistics is a related field which looks at the terms we use to describe economic relations and the ecologies they are set within.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anthropological_theories_of_value (453 words)

	Value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		By most interpretations of his labor theory of value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of analyzing value was to allow the calculation of relative prices.
		Others see values as part of his sociopolitical interpretation and critique of capitalism and other societies, and deny that it was intended to serve as a category of economics.
		The theory of value is closely related to that of allocative efficiency, the quality by which firms produce those goods and services most valued by society.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Value (972 words)

	Value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In neoclassical economics, the value of an object or service is often seen as nothing but the price it would bring in an open and competitive market.
		In 1860, the year after oil was first struck in Titusville, Pennsylvania, John Ruskin published a critique of the economic concept of value from a moral point of view.
		In computer science, a value may be a number, literal string, array and anything else that can be represented by a finite sequence of symbols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Value (1172 words)

	Encyclopedia: Value
		In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the belief that the value of an object is decided by the resources that went into making it.
		The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory in economics and political economy concerning a market-oriented or commodity-producing society: the theory equates the value of an exchangeable good or service (i.
		A value system is in essence the ordering and prioritization of the ethical and ideological values that an individual or society holds.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Value (3538 words)

	Economic anthropology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this case, it is an attempt to describe anthropological characteristics as rooted in economic factors.
		Underlying individuals' pursuit of utility maximisation is the principle of diminishing marginal value, meaning that obtaining more of a particular good or service only increases the utility (or value) derived from it up to a certain point.
		Since the theory does not state what is to be maximised, it is deemed to be sufficiently abstract to be capable of explaining human behaviour in any context.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_anthropology (2841 words)

	VALUE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In another classical tradition, Marx distinguished between the "value in use" (use-value, what a commodity provides to its buyer), "value" (the socially-necessary_labour_time it embodies), and "exchange_value" (how much labor-time the sale of the commodity can claim, Smith's "labor commanded" value).
		By most interpretations of his labor_theory_of_value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of analyzing value was to allow the calculation of relative prices.
		A value_system is in essence the ordering and prioritization of the values (usually of the ethical and ideological varieties described above) that an individual or society holds.
	velocipay.com /value#economics (1132 words)

	Ethnicity & Nationalism
		Anthropological approaches also enable us to explore the ways in which ethnic relations are being defined and perceived by people; how they talk and think about their own group as well as other groups, and how particular world-views are being maintained or contested.
		This is a problem with complicated ramifications, and it concerns the relationships between (i) anthropological theory and "native theory", (ii) anthropological theory and social organisation, and (iii) "native theory" and social organisation.
		Their spokesmen tend to invoke a concept of culture which is in fact often directly inspired by anthropological concepts of culture, and in some cases they self-consciously present themselves as "tribes" reminiscent of the "tribes" depicted in classical anthropological monographs (Roosens, 1989).
	folk.uio.no /geirthe/Ethnicity.html (6259 words)

	Untitled
		Indeed, if the sense is endorsed by the actors of the struggle invited to the discussions, this means that the sociological theory which brought it to light is validated as to its pertinence in explaining the action that is the object of the sociological intervention.
		The sociological theory is thus ready to feed its object of study: the social action originally envisaged by the sociological intervention.
		Consequently, the value of the sociological interpretation depends less on the rigour of the process than on the 'attraction' of this interpretation aroused by its rapprochement with the transcript of the interview, and which may well elicit adherence or even conversion, to echo the sociological intervention method.
	www.ualberta.ca /%7Ecjscopy/articles/Hamel.html (6641 words)

	Definitions of Anthropological Terms
		The theory is that maintaining a strong sense of one's one culture and language is necessary to acquire another language and culture.
		It is the market value of all goods and services produced within the boundaries of a country.
		It is the market value of all goods and services produced by the residents of a particular country.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/anth370/gloss.html (5701 words)

	Feminist Anthropology
		In the anthropological literature, however, the discussion of women, until recently, has been restricted to the areas of marriage, kinship, and family.
		's (1901-1978) theories were influenced by ideas borrowed from Gestalt psychology, that subfield of psychology which analyzed personality as an interrelated psychological pattern rather than a collection of separate elements (McGee, Warms 1996:202) Her work influenced Rosaldo's and Lamphere's attempts to build a framework for the emerging discipline.
		Marxist theory was appealing to feminist anthropologists in the 1970s because "there is no theory which accounts for the oppression of women – in its endless variety and monotonous similarity, cross-culturally and throughout history – with anything like the explanatory power of the Marxist theory of class oppression" (Rubin 1975: 160).
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/Faculty/murphy/feminism.htm (3083 words)

	Anthropology Review Database
		Numerous anthropological theorists have either faded from popularity, or were never appreciated, but have deeply influenced anthropology through their writings.
		This theory, that language both reflects and limits the available thought processes of a group, marked the birth of modern linguistics, and an important turning point in anthropology.
		By highlighting the way in which each generation of theorists both builds upon and resurrects past theories, even those discredited, Moore implies that there is value in studying ôout of dateö concepts because of their influence on anthropology.
	wings.buffalo.edu /ARD/showme.cgi?keycode=2402 (1686 words)

	Monkeys, MacKinnon & Marriage
		He not only anticipated some of the now-dominant theories in human sociobiology circles but identified the principles that are now the explicit basis for celebrated feminist social criticism.
		George's central theory was that human evolution from primate ancestors was not driven primarily by brain development but by changes in sexual characteristics.
		George's theory of human evolution has been restated or touched upon by a number of evolutionary biologists and anthropologists.
	www.leaderu.com /ftissues/ft9303/opinion/tobin.html (2474 words)

	Heuristic Value of LSD Research
		Before we discuss the theoretical implications of LSD research, it is necessary to justify the heuristic value of LSD as a tool for the exploration of the human unconscious and the legitimacy of drawing more general conclusions from the work with this compound.
		Another indirect way of testing the new conceptual framework is to apply it to various states in which the activation of the unconscious material is induced by powerful nondrug techniques.
		Numerous examples can be found in religious scriptures, mystical writings, and anthropological books and journals, as well as in contemporary literature on experiential psychotherapeutic techniques and laboratory mind-altering procedures.
	www.psychedelic-library.org /grof4.htm (3411 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This innovative book is the first comprehensive synthesis of economic, political, and cultural theories of value.
		David Graeber reexamines a century of anthropological thought about value and exchange, in large measure to find a way out of quandaries in current social theory that have become critical at a time of ideological collapse in the face of Neoliberalism.
		He rethinks the cases of Iroquois wampum, Pacific kula exchanges, and the Kwakiutl potlatch within the flow of world historical process, and recasts value as a model of human meaning-making that far exceeds rationalist/reductive economist paradigms.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0312240449 (883 words)

	Learn more about Anthropological theories of value in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Learn more about Anthropological theories of value in the online encyclopedia.
		Starting with Marxist definitions of consumption and production, he introduces Mauss’ idea of "objects that are not consumed" and constructs a list of things that are neither consumption nor production.
		Also Gary Becker's household production functions and similar topics note that people often purchase goods and then combine them with time to produce something that has meaning or practicality to them (a.k.a.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/an/anthropological_theories_of_value.html (508 words)

	Value article - Value Marketing Economics Computer science Mathematics Personal cultural - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Value article - Value Marketing Economics Computer science Mathematics Personal cultural - What-Means.com
		By most interpretations of his theory of value, treating it as a variety of labor theory of value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of analyzing value was to allow the calculation of relative prices.
		Value article - Value definition - what means Value
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Value (871 words)

	The Life World, Grief and Individual Uniqueness: 'Social Definition' in Dilthey, Windelband, Rickert, Weber, Simmel and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I examine them briefly and look at their relation to the sociological theories of Max Weber (1864-1920), mainly on the basis of work done by Oakes (1988), but it also will be necessary to comment as well on concepts found in Wilhelm Windelband (1848-1915) and Emil Lask (1875-1915), in philosophy, and Alfred Schutz, in sociology.
		When we lose someone or something that we value greatly then we are forced to suddenly change, whether we like it or not We are suddenly uprooted from the comfortable world of our constructed meaning and required to do without that which previously embodied meaning.
		Hence, an 'Exchange Theory' or similar conceptualization of human action that takes the norms and values of modern instrumentalist societies for granted cannot be a complete explanation of human lived experience.
	www.uoguelph.ca /~vincent/hbakker/life_world.htm (10997 words)

	Haverford College Center for Humanities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We will then move backwards to the eighteenth century, and examine Kant’s aesthetic theory, in which the category “aesthetic value” is significantly absent, for its articulation of an understanding of art’s social function.
		Throughout, we will be tracing the presences, absences, and transformational roles of labor in theories of cultural value, while exploring the politics of metaphors used by materialist critics to describe its general “repression” or “disappearance” from the frameworks of most powerful cultural authorities.
		In the second part of the seminar, we shall examine some theories and examples of cultural practice in the context of the history we have constructed.
	www.haverford.edu /HHC/seminars/2002_03.htm (616 words)

	Marxist Anthropology
		Marxism in anthropology has served to raise a number of problems in anthropological reasoning, even in the questions it is unable to answer for itself.
		One of the main criticisms of Marxism is that it isn't particularly anthropological in nature, not being interested in culture and ethnography.
		Other terms in Marxism have also been criticised, such as the labor theory of value, which states that the of work is the cost of materials and labor involved, a definition which assumes voluntary cooperation of laborers and does not include management costs and responsibilities.
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/Faculty/murphy/marxism.htm (1558 words)

	Career Opportunities for Psychology Majors
		discusses the skills employer’s value highly in employees are presented and the ways in which being a psychology major contributes to developing them are made explicit.
		Many employers value and seek out broadly educated applicants in preference to more narrowly trained 'specialists' because they believe persons with a well-rounded educational background will be better able to understand and effectively address the many challenges faced by people today an in the future.
		Fluency in a second language, particularly the native language of minorities served by the school or university, may be very valuable to employers.
	www.uta.edu /psychology/Dept/careers.htm (6377 words)

	[No title]
		An anthropological study of the Southern United States emphasizing cultural continuity in both the mountains and lowlands.
		A study of the transcendentalism of Emerson and Thoreau and the pragmatism of Pierce, James, and Dewey.
		Special attention will be given to the relationship between theories of reality and theories of value.
	www.sewanee.edu /amstudies/anth.html (706 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		David Graeber reexamines a century of anthropological thought about value and exchange, in large measure to find a way out of quandaries in current social theory, which have become critical at the present moment of ideological collapse in the face of Neoliberalism.
		If one reads a lot of anthropology, it is hard to escape the impression that theories of value are all the rage of late.
		Anthropological Theory of Value, Marcel Mauss Revisited, Current Directions, Northwest Coast, North America, Three Ways of Talking, Marshall Sahlins, Annette Weiner, Papua New Guinea, Pierre Bourdieu, Royal Bath, Nancy Munn, Fort Rupert, Winter Ceremonial, Marilyn Strathern, Louis Dumont, Holder of the Earth, New Zealand, Maurice Bloch, Karl Polanyi, Tuahu Mahina, Vancouver Island, Great Peace
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0312240457?v=glance (1538 words)

	EPE -- Education – Educational Policy Studies And Evaluation
		Introduction to theory and practice of intercultural communication, cross-cultural (especially international experience), and teaching with a global perspective, plus an opportunity for country-specific research.
		Examination of ethical theories upon which educational evaluations are based and upon which they become the basis for educational policies.
		Theories considered include classical and rule utilitarianism, Rawlsian social justice, behavioristic, critical, and hermeneutic theories of value.
	www.uky.edu /Registrar/bull0203/courses/epe.html (1799 words)

	2003-2004 Minority Dissertation Fellowship Winner
		Chu's dissertation, Cosmologies of Credit: Understanding Fuzhounese Migration Through Theories of Value and Exchange" explores economic concepts of migration by showing how local notions of filiality, Buddhist karma and gender shape understandings of the risks and rewards of emigration from Fuzhou, China to the United States.
		Chu's dissertation provides an ethnographic study of a village in Fuzhuo, China in which over 85% of households have at least one member in the U.S. Through methods such as participant-observation, discourse analysis and local oral histories, her fieldwork lead to certain salient findings.
		Local religion provides a crucial means for the production of value itself; enabling a morality of wealth often in contradistinction to socialist state narratives fro the model citizen and Western new liberal ideals of market rationality.
	www.aaanet.org /committees/minority/winners/03.htm (569 words)

	polylog / literature / review essay / Heidi Armbruster: Feminist Theories and Anthropology
		Despite an established practice of self-reflexivity, critical anthropologists have not ceased being haunted by the colonial bias of their discipline, which was, after all a historical by-product of colonial rule and expansion.
		In feminist theories and in a number of feminist ethnographies this model of oppositional otherness was equated with other binarisms and seen as universally existent in human thought and social organization: female was to male as nature to culture, domestic to public, body to mind, polluted to pure, passive to active and so forth.
		"Gendering" found strong use value in anthropological thought, as it emphasized practice and cultural specifics, that is to say: localized, historicized human interaction and the everyday, culturally specific crafting of social (and sexual) identities.
	www.polylog.org /lit/1.2/re2-en.htm (3741 words)

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