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	Anti-aircraft warfare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As aircraft started to be used in tactical roles against ground targets, these larger weapons proved too ponderous to aim at the quickly moving targets.
		As the capabilities of aircraft improved, and more specificially their engines, it was clear that their role in future combat would be even more critical as their warload grew.
		Their high-altitude needs were originally going to be filled by a 75 mm gun from Krupp, designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors, but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Anti-aircraft (3383 words)

	Encyclopedia: Anti-aircraft artillery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An anti_aircraft missile is a ground_based missile used to destroy aircraft.
		Other countries involved seem to have largely ignored the possibility of aircraft being an important part of the hostilities, but this soon changed when German spotter aircraft started calling down increasingly accurate Russian 76.2 mm, typically simply propped up on some sort of embankment to get the muzzle pointed skyward.
		World War II World War I had proven that the aircraft was an important part of the battlefield, even if used solely in the reconnaissance role.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Anti_aircraft-artillery (2440 words)

	De-Icing and Anti-Icing Aircraft - January 20, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aircraft that are approved for flight into known icing conditions are equipped with devices that, while the aircraft is in flight, either break up and remove ice on critical surfaces (de-ice boots) or prevent the accumulation of ice on critical surfaces (heated wing leading edge devices).
		Large aircraft operating from major airports such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Halifax are de-iced and anti-iced immediately prior to take-off at a central de-icing facility located on the airport.
		Aircraft operating from smaller regional airports are generally de-iced by company personnel, or in some cases directly by the pilot of the aircraft, using a pressure sprayer containing an approved de-icing fluid.
	www.tc.gc.ca /mediaroom/backgrounders/b04-A001.htm (646 words)

	Anti aircraft artillery Article, Antiaircraftartillery Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As aircraft started to be used in tactical roles against ground targets, these larger weapons proved too ponderous to aim atthe quickly moving targets.
		As the capabilities of aircraft improved, and morespecificially their engines, it was clear that their role in future combat would be even more critical as their warload grew.Many felt that the higher speeds and altitudes would render anti-aircraft systems useless, and little effort was put intoimproving systems.
		Their high-altitude needs were originally going to be filled by a 75 mm gun from Krupp, designed in collaborated with theirSwedish counterpart Bofors, but the specifications were later amended to require muchhigher performance.
	www.anoca.org /gun/war/anti_aircraft_artillery.html (2275 words)

	PAAMS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Principal Anti Air Missile System (PAAMS) is a joint French/Italian/British program for a naval anti-aircraft weapon.
		The PAAMS system was designed to be deployed on the Horizon CNGF (Common New Generation Frigate) for the navies of the partner nations.
		The system is designed to allow equipped vessels to protect themselves and escorted vessels against all missile and aircraft threats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PAAMS (189 words)

	FLAK Air Defenses Fliegerabwehrkanonen (Anti-Aircraft-Artillery) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The guns were grouped in fours with a predictor (a device used to estimate where the aircraft would be by the time the shell reached it and thus provide information as to where to aim).
		When the flak batteries pinpointed an aircraft the guns were fired in salvoes designed to burst in a sphere of 60 yards in diameter in which it was hoped to entrap the target.
		In daylight the predictor crews followed the aircraft by telescope but at night the sound locators directed the searchlights (which had a range of 14,000 yards in clear weather).
	www.ww2guide.com /flak.shtml (1687 words)

	Flying Safety: Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids and Standard... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aircraft deicing and anti-icing programs administered by the FAA and its international counterpart, the International Standards Organization (ISO), mirror each other, so a "global standard" was already in existence.
		This is a critical factor when utilizing commercial airfields during inclement winter weather conditions, since military aircraft may have to wait in line with commercial aircraft for extended periods before take-off.
		For maintainers involved with winter aircraft operations, the 26 June 1997 version of T.O. 42C-1-2 is a superb document and a great training reference.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:67318768&refid=ip_search (1413 words)

	QF 3.7-in heavy anti-aircraft gun
		As well as a lack of money there existed among the diehards a school of thought which maintained that the proper way to combat enemy aircraft was by other aircraft, i.e.
		But from 1933 great advances were being made in aircraft design and the heights which bombers could achieve - from 20,000 feet (6096 metres) upwards.
		Bearing in mind the maximum ceiling of the 3-inch 20 cwt was 23,500 feet (7010 m) under ideal conditions, obviously a heavier gun was needed.
	www.riv.co.nz /rnza/hist/local/qf37aa.htm (965 words)

	[No title]
		Such was the case when aircraft turned from being harmless civilian recreational vehicles into powerful war machines raining death from above.
		First is to shoot down enemy aircraft so they can't hurt ground troops, and the second is to defend forward bases.
		It can shoot down most enemy aircraft with a few hits, and it can defend a forward base from all but the most fierce of attacks.
	www.tarrif.net /wwii/guides/aa_guns.htm (472 words)

	Answers To The Department of Justice & ATFE Anti-Rocket Propaganda - Aircraft
		Let's examine the case where a civilian or military aircraft is at cruise altitude and speed.
		It is assumed in the analysis that the speed of the aircraft and rocket does not vary in-flight and that the rocket instantly achieves its speed once it is launched, which was 1,500 mph.
		For an amateur or high power rocket to hit an aircraft during cruise or approach to an airport, it would have to be guided during its flight.
	www.space-rockets.com /aircraft.html (1972 words)

	Lybia 1986 English Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		American aircraft operating from aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean were testing LIBYA's air defenses as early as the end of March.
		After the unmanned aircraft were employed, the fighter bombers took off from the aircraft carriers at an altitude of 50 to 70 m while heavy radar jamming was employed.
		On the other hand, the modern Soviet MiG-25 aircraft are continuously exposed to inclement weather, which has a negative impact on their continuous combat readiness under actual meteorological conditions.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /php/documents/collection_5/docs/Lybia_engl.htm (1111 words)

	uboat.net - Technical pages
		On the type XXI there were 2 double-barrelled 3cm C/38 in two separate Flak-towers (earlier models had the 2cm model since the larger variant was not available in time), her smaller sister, the XXIII had no AA guns at all.
		Around 120 aircraft were shot down by U-boats for the loss of roughly 30 U-boats either sunk during the attack or due to being located by other forces shortly afterwards and sunk.
		One source says that RAF Coastal Command (U-boat hunters) lost 700 aircraft (badly damaged, shot down and paid off) and sank 220 U-boats during the war.
	uboat.net /technical/flak.htm (865 words)

	Anti-aircraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The primary role of the Command was twofold: to protect the aircraft manufacturing industry and to support Fighter Command.
		A third benefit that came to be realised was that being on the ground and seen to be working hard, the batteries were a great morale booster to the civilian population.
		Wherever possible the batteries used aimed, rather than battery fire as the mathmatical complexities of the task, amplified by the shortage of resources, were vast.
	www.stable.demon.co.uk /bob/aa.html (309 words)

	GN Online: UAE evaluates European anti-submarine aircraft
		The evaluation of this aircraft fitted with the FITS system for anti-submarine operations gains significance in view of the presence of submarines in the Gulf and the strength it provides to its maritime capabilities.
		In the Middle East, Casa transport aircraft are used by Saudi Arabia, Oman and Jordan.
		The number of aircraft to be built under the Mako programme has yet to be finalised, he said.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=12522 (311 words)

	Air Artillery
		As there were so few aircraft at that time, the German Army did not believe it was justified to spend much money on these guns and few were available when war was declared in 1914.
		The rapid growth in the role of aircraft in the war forced all the main countries involved to improve anti-aircraft weapons.
		The effect of gunfire against German aircraft has been to force him to climb: it also worries him and distracts his attention from his objective and forces him to drop his bombs from so great a height that he will probably miss his target by a large margin.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWairartillery.htm (724 words)

	Missiles deployed for inauguration - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics - January 19, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The combat jets are flying round-the-clock patrols to deal with any aircraft threats to tomorrow's ceremonies.
		Additionally, the Air Force is flying E-3 airborne warning and control aircraft that are conducting surveillance missions and would help guide interceptor jets to targets.
		The Stinger missiles could be used against any aircraft that attempts to attack or strays into restricted airspace over the Washington area.
	washingtontimes.com /national/20050118-105234-1449r.htm (587 words)

	Anti Aircraft Gun 88mm models by Elastolin and Lineol
		Anti Aircraft Gun 88mm models by Elastolin and Lineol
		In the Price List of 1938 and a typewritten company internal list there is specified an anti aircraft gun (3 parts) under the internal number 748N.
		For a short time after the end of the war this model was produced again, but this time painted in olive green.
	www.toy-soldier-gallery.com /Articles/Flak88/Flak884.html (201 words)

	USATODAY.com - Panel OKs anti-aircraft missile defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The bill requires the Homeland Security Department to report to Congress in a year on its plans to defend airports and aircraft from attacks by shoulder-fired missiles.
		He urged the government to go slow on developing the countermeasures because they have not been proved to be effective.
		The government selected three companies in January to determine whether technology used by the military could be adapted for civilian aircraft to counter the terrorist threat.
	www.usatoday.com /travel/news/2004-04-30-airlines-missile_x.htm (550 words)

	1940 RAF Flying Control, Anti Aircraft, Balloon Defences & Observer Corps
		The Observer Corps had heard the "plane sound" since 03.15 hrs and had described the aircraft as "Plane sound UNKNOWN" in their log, they could not identify the aircraft due to cloud, but they plotted the "plane" to the West, then North-west up Southampton Water, then over the Eastern districts of Southampton to Eastleigh Aerodrome.
		Other aircraft in the Centre Log from other Posts to the South and South-west of Reading were also displaying "Red and Amber", so it must have been their Bomber Group 'Colour of Day' identification code to the ground.
		The aircraft was confirmed as "British" by Eastleigh to the Observer Corps at 04.45 hrs.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /1940-flying-control/index.html (840 words)

	[No title]
		today on orders from the fourth interceptor command when unidentified aircraft were reported in the area," the western defense command said.
		Police ran down several reports that planes had been shot down, but said all were false alarms.
		Aircraft factories continued operation behind flened windows, while ack-ack guns rattled from batteries stationed near-by.
	www.rense.com /general28/histla.htm (982 words)

	SA-16 GIMLET (Igla-1 9K310)
		The "IGLA-1" is a portable anti aircraft missile system (SA-16) with solid propellant guided missile.
		It is a simplified version of "IGLA" (SA-18) portable anti aircraft missile system.
		SA-16 GIMLET (Igla-1 9K310) man-portable surface-to-air missile system, a further development from the SA-7 and SA-14 series, is an improved version of the SA-18 GROUSE, which was introduced in 1983, three years before the SA-16.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/sa-16.htm (229 words)

	FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic
		The Stinger missile, a full-dimensional protection weapon, is the Army's system for short-range air defense that provides the ground maneuver commander force protection against low-altitude airborne targets such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, and cruise missiles.
		It seemed that whenever a new system was put into the hands of the soldier, actual field performance often failed to match the standards predicted during its development.
		He merely flies the aircraft to the "ballpark" of the MMS LOS and initiates first detent, allowing the seeker to slew to the target, uncage and begin tracking it.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm (1353 words)

	Anti-gravity aircraft a hit - 12/2/02
		Jim Bergren makes minor repairs to the aircraft that hovers without the aid of a motor, fan or engine.
		The aircraft is triangular shaped and gets its power from a wire that runs along the top of the device.
		The wire is connected to a power source, which can be anything from a battery to a desktop computer.
	www.detnews.com /2002/schools/0212/02/c03-24756.htm (973 words)

	898th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion (Automatic Weapons) Combat History
		Finally, the sheer quantity of aircraft involved in some of the attacks on the 100th’s sector practically preclude the possiblity that these were German-flown aircraft.
		A large formation—huge, at this stage of the war—of 14 Bf-109s was engaged near Horrenberg on 2 April, and a single Junkers JU-88 made an appearance on the 7th to round out Luftwaffe’s air activity in the 100th’s zone as the Division charged across the Rhine and into Swabia to the southeast.
		The 100th Infantry Division, threatened by its own forces’ aircraft more than by the Luftwaffe, was nevertheless fortunate to have such an experienced, battle-hardened, and supremely competent unit to provide its anti-aircraft defense from the Meurthe to the Neckar and beyond.
	www.100thww2.org /support/898/898combat.html (2067 words)

	Shoulder-Fired Anti-Aircraft Missiles Threaten Global Aviation
		With their relatively short range, MANPADS are generally the last missile-based air defense, and are often deployed in tandem with gun-type systems that seek to defeat attacking aircraft by destroying them with a barrage of projectiles.
		Two Douglas DC-7 spray aircraft, chartered by the U.S. Agency for International Development to eradicate locusts, en route from Senegal to Morocco, were struck by MANPADS fired by POLISARIO rebels in the Western Sahara.
		Many MANPADS currently retained in national stockpiles are aged and obsolete and relatively ineffective against modern military aircraft, but could still pose a threat to slower-moving civilian aircraft.
	www.iwar.org.uk /news-archive/2005/09-21-2.htm (2080 words)

	Western Planes Bomb Iraq After Anti-Aircraft Fire [Free Republic]
		BERLIN (Reuters) - Western aircraft bombed Iraqi air defenses Wednesday after coming under anti-aircraft fire while patrolling a no-fly zone in the north, European Central Command (EUCOM) based in Germany said.
		EUCOM said aircraft of the joint U.S.-British force had come under Iraqi anti-aircraft fire while patrolling near the town of Bashiqah, 19 miles northeast of the city of Mosul.
		``Coalition aircraft responded to the Iraqi attacks by dropping ordnance on elements of the Iraqi integrated air defense system,'' it said in a statement.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a391a5600597e.htm (423 words)

	Society Military Aviation Aircraft Anti-Submarine Warfare P-3 Orion
		Aircraft Museum Locator - Listing of variants with designation, modified role, and location of display.
		Kiwi Aircraft Images: Lockheed P-3K Orion - Images and description of P-3s used by the Royal New Zealand Air Force.
		Vought Aircraft Industries - Vought is a subcontractor to Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company for the purpose of conducting the fatigue testing and post-test tear-down inspection/analysis for the nose landing gear and left-hand main landing gear.
	www.iper1.com /iper1-odp/scat/id/Society/Military/Aviation/Aircraft/Anti-Submarine_Warfare/P-3_Orion (509 words)

	German Anti-aircraft Flak
		These guns were light, fast firing and quite effective against aircraft at low altitudes.
		With a direct hit from an 88 mm or larger shell the aircraft would stagger, sometimes stall, fill with smoke and screaming wounded airmen.
		Other times the entire aircraft would simply vanish in a dirty ball of fire, smoke and bits of plane and man. Many other times the aircraft and men would fly on, riddled with holes but still fighting.
	www.constable.ca /flak.htm (728 words)

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