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Topic: Antidiabetic drugs

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	Sulfonylurea -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sulfonylurea derivatives are a class of (A drug used to treat diabetes mellitus) antidiabetic drugs that are used in the management of (Diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria) diabetes mellitus type 2 ("adult-onset").
		Although for many years sulfonylureas were the first drugs to be used in new cases of diabetes, in the (The decade from 1990 to 1999) 1990s it was discovered that (additional info and facts about obese) obese patients might benefit more from (An antidiabetic drug (trade name Glucophage) prescribed to treat type II diabetes) metformin.
		Sulfonylureas, as opposed to (An antidiabetic drug (trade name Glucophage) prescribed to treat type II diabetes) metformin and the (additional info and facts about thiazolidinedione) thiazolidinediones, can induce (Abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet) hypoglycemia when insulin production overshoots.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/sulfonylurea.htm (876 words)

	Anti-diabetic drug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An anti-diabetic drug or oral hypoglycemic agent is used to treat diabetes mellitus.
		These agents are effective by themselves only in the earliest stages of impaired glucose tolerance, but can be helpful in combination with other agents in type 2 diabetes.
		Unlike all the oral drugs described in this article, insulin is a protein.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antidiabetic_drugs (618 words)

	Antidiabetic drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Antidiabetic drugs are medicines that help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes).
		Antidiabetic drugs may be subdivided into six groups: insulin, sufonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, meglitinides, and thiazolidinediones.
		These drugs have not been fully studied during breast feeding, but it is recommended that because their presence in breast milk might cause hypoglycemia in the newborn, breastfeeding be avoided while taking sulfonylureas.
	webess16.micromedex.com /content/DiseaseDex/000102.htm (1561 words)

	Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Antidiabetic drugs
		Drug therapy may be directed towards increasing insulin secretion, increasing insulin sensitivity, or increasing insulin penetration of the cells.
		These drugs have not been fully studied during breast feeding, but it is recommended that because their presence in breast milk might cause hypoglycemia in the newborn, breast feeding be avoided while taking sulfonylureas.
		Although there is no evidence that the drugs are harmful to the fetus, it is important that rigid blood glucose control be maintained during pregnancy, and pregnant women should be switched to insulin.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_gGENH/ai_2699003046 (1376 words)

	How Heart Drugs Work Disability uk .
		Drugs used to treat atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries) act to reduce the serum (the liquefied portion of blood) levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats), which form plaques (deposits) on the walls of arteries.
		This group of drugs is thought to prevent angina and arrhythmias by blocking or slowing calcium flow into muscle cells, which results in vasodilation (widening of the blood vessels) and greater oxygen delivery to the heart muscle.
		Drugs such as benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, levodopa, and bromocriptine are used to correct the chemical imbalance, thereby relieving the symptoms of the disease.
	www.disabilityuk.com /health/heart/heart4.htm (4256 words)

	Diabetes Forum : Oral Drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These drugs sometimes cause hypoglycemia, which may be prolonged in the case of chlorpropamide, particularly when given to elderly people who eat poorly or who have kidney disorders.
		In the latter case, the drug may not be excreted from the body, so the patient may require dialysis in order to correct the low blood sugar.
		This drug slows the rate of glucose absorption from the intestine (which results in a slowing in the rise of blood sugar after meals) and increases the utilization of carbohydrate.
	www.diabetesforum.net /eng_oral.htm (413 words)

	OTC Meeting: Questions and Answers
		Each completed OTC drug monograph considers a particular class of drugs (e.g., antacids, topical antifungal drugs, night-time sleep aids, etc.) and describes the active ingredients that have been determined to be safe and effective through the OTC Drug Review process, with specifications for the amount of drug per dose, formulation, labeling, and other general requirements.
		Such drugs may be deemed unsafe for nonprescription use because they are habit-forming or toxic, have too great a potential for harmful effects, or are for medical conditions that can’t be readily self-diagnosed.
		Drugs that are associated with more significant safety problems are expected to have sufficiently greater benefits to justify the increased risk.
	www.fda.gov /cder/meeting/otcqa-600.htm (1393 words)

	CHEMISTRY OF MEDICAL DRUGS
		Syntheses of representatives of individual groups: stimulants (exciting amines), nootropic drugs (piracetam, cinnarizine), neuroleptic drugs (phenothiazine derivatives, dibenzo[b,f]thiepine derivatives and analogues), anxiolytic drugs (benzodiazepines), antidepressant drugs (derivatives of dibenzo[b,f]azepine and analogues), hallucinogen drugs (mezkaline, psilocybine, lysergide, ecstasy, phencyclidine).
		Analgesic drugs - anodyne drugs, principles of analgesia (morphin and its derivatives, morphinans, derivatives of 6,7-benzomorphane and 4-phenylpiperidine).
		Antihistaminic drugs - effect of histamine, metabolism - syntheses of derivatives of ethylenediamine, propylamine, 2-aminoethyl ethers (bromadryl, dithiaden).
	webak.upce.cz /%7Ekoch/en/sylorg/enleciva.htm (620 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Antidiabetic drugs
		Seeing a physician regularly while taking antidiabetic drugs is important, especially during the first few weeks.
		Antidiabetic drugs do not cure diabetes, but they do help keep the condition under control and reduce the risk of serious complications.
		Anyone who has ever had unusual or allergic reactions to any antidiabetic medicines, sulfonamides (sulfa drugs), or thiazide diuretics (a type of water pill) should let his or her physician know before taking antidiabetic medicines again.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0001/ai_2601000101 (973 words)

	Patients not sticking to cholesterol drugs -- and the higher their co-pay, the lower their use
		A new study finds that nearly half of patients who have a prescription for any of the cholesterol-fighting drugs called statins fail to fill their prescription often enough -- or stop filling it altogether, even though statins give the most benefit if used long-term.
		The new paper dovetails with a recently released study by the RAND Corporation that showed use of several groups of drugs, including anti-cholesterol medications, dropped when co-pays were raised.
		But when the researchers broke down the patients according to their insurance plan co-pays, they saw a major difference: 76.2 percent of those whose out-of-pocket prescription cost was $20 or more for a month's worth of statin drugs were non-adherent, as opposed to 49.4 percent of patients whose monthly prescription co-pay was less than $10.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-06/uomh-pns060204.php (1430 words)

	Antidiabetic drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These drugs may be used in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea.
		These drugs were generally well tolerated in early trials, but they are structurally related to an earlier drug, troglitazone, which was associated with liver function problems.
		Additional studies were underway in late 2003 to determine how these drugs caused fluid build-up and if the symptoms occurred more frequently in certain age groups.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/antidiabetic_drugs.jsp (1880 words)

	Lexapro
		As with all drugs effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder, Lexapro should be used cautiously in patients with a history of mania.
		However, there are limited in vivo data suggesting a modest CYP2D6 inhibitory effect for escitalopram, i.e., coadministration of escitalopram (20 mg/day for 21 days) with the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (single dose of 50 mg), a substrate for CYP2D6, resulted in a 40% increase in Cmax and a 100% increase in AUC of desipramine.
		Nevertheless, caution is indicated in the coadministration of escitalopram and drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
	www.online-drugs-directory.com /lexapro.htm (2294 words)

	Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes - [Medication]
		Thiazolidinediones should be used only when other medications have failed to lower blood sugar levels into a safe range.
		The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that rosiglitazone and pioglitazone be used alone or in combination with sulfonylurea medications, metformin, or insulin shots.
		People who have heart failure or are at risk for it should not use these medications.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/drug/hw133689/detail.htm (625 words)

	drugs on Encyclopedia.com
		Antidiabetic drugs and heart failure risk in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. primary care setting.(Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition)
		Drug coverage, utilization, and spending by Medicare beneficiaries with heart disease.
		Drugs and pregnancy: often the two don't mix.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/d1/drugs.asp (611 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Antidiabetic Agents, Sulfonylurea (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents (also known as sulfonylureas) are used to treat a certain type of diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes) called type 2 diabetes.
		Oral antidiabetic medicines do not help diabetic patients who have type 1 diabetes because these patients cannot produce or release insulin from their pancreas gland.
		The use of sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents has been reported, but not proven in all studies, to increase the risk of death from heart and blood vessel disease.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202742.html (4874 words)

	Newer Oral Antidiabetic Agents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Metformin is preferred to phenformin as it does not inhibit mitochondrial oxidation of lactate, and lactic acidosis with this drug is a rarity.
		A new class of drugs that are plant extracts and act through inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase are being investigated.
		Despite simultaneous research on oral antidiabetic agents having different mechanisms of action in order to overcome the deficiencies of currently available antidiabetic medication, only glimeperide, repaglinide, thiazolidenediones, and acarbose have been introduced for routine use.
	www.indegene.com /End/FeatArt/indEndFeatArt3.html (3279 words)

	IngentaConnect Drug utilization in a hospital general medical outpatient clinic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Drug utilization in a hospital general medical outpatient clinic with particular reference to antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs
		Objectives: To examine the prescribing patterns, particularly antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs, in a hospital outpatient clinic and to evaluate the expenditure incurred.
		Monitoring drug usage and their correlations with clinical outcomes are warranted.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/jcpt/1998/00000023/00000004/art00161 (284 words)

	Antidiabetic Agents, Sulfonylurea (Systemic): Drug Info: medical health network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents (also known assulfonylureas) are used to treat a certain type of diabetesmellitus (sugar diabetes) called type 2 diabetes.
		Oral antidiabetic medicines do not help diabetic patientswho have type 1 diabetes because these patients cannotproduce or release insulin from their pancreas gland.
		The use of sulfonylurea antidiabetic agents has beenreported, but not proven in all studies, to increase the riskof death from heart and blood vessel disease.
	medical-health-network.com /Drug_Info--Acetohexamide--1612.html (4388 words)

	Pharmaceutical Drugs Manufacturers,Wholesale Pharmaceutical Drugs,Pharmaceutical Drugs Suppliers
		Engaged in manufacturing and exporting pharmaceutical drugs and chemicals such as amino acids derivatives, amino acids, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4 dichlorobenzaldehyde, ethyl trifluoroacetate and phenyl chloroformate.
		Engaged in exporting drug intermediates and bulk drugs such as succinimide, N-chloro succinimide, N-bromo succinimide, dimethyl glyoxime, succinic acid, potassium phthalimide, phthalimide, maleic acid, choline theophyllinate and chlorphenesin.
		Wholesale supplier and manufacturer of bulk drugs and drugs intermediates, 2,3 dichloro benzoyl nitrile, 2,3 dichloro benzoyl nitrile, 3,4 - di ethoxy benzyl cyanide, 3,4 - di ethoxy phenyl acetic acid, 3,4 - di ethoxy beta phenyl ethyl amine.
	catalogs.indiamart.com /manufacturers/pharmaceutical-drugs-formulations.html (2258 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Induced desensitization of the insulinotropic effects of antidiabetic drugs, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The inability of either drug in culture to affect efaroxan-induced insulin secretion clearly indicates distinct and novel actions of imidazolines (Morgan et al., 1994; Efanov et al., 1998; Chapman et al., 1999).
		Reversibility of drug desensitization was inducible by exposing desensitized cells to culture in the absence of BTS 67 582 or tolbutamide.
		(1999), elucidation of the mechanisms underlying desensitization by drugs is not straightforward.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v130/n2/full/0703306a.html (4953 words)

	Biguanides for type 2 diabetes - [Medication]
		Biguanides do not cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or weight gain, which are common side effects of the sulfonylurea medications.
		Although metformin may be safe to take during pregnancy, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved it for that use.
		Few studies have been done on the use of oral medications for type 2 diabetes in children, and these medications have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in children.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/drug/hw133595/detail.htm (1056 words)

	Use of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs in hospital and outpatient settings in Hong Kong -- Lau et al. 30 (3): ...
		Use of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs in hospital and outpatient settings in Hong Kong -- Lau et al.
		OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usage patterns of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs and to identify any discordance between recommended management guidelines and clinical practice in two study locations.
		PATIENTS: Patients presenting with a prescription during the study period at the respective pharmacy were classified as having diabetes if at least one antidiabetic agent was prescribed and as having hypertension if a cardiovascular drug was prescribed in a hypotensive dosage.
	www.theannals.com /cgi/content/abstract/30/3/232 (225 words)

	Nursing: Labeling for antidiabetic drugs modified
		Fluid retention associated with two popular antidiabetic medications indicated for Type 2 diabetes mellitus has prompted the FDA to modify the labeling and notify health care professionals of the changes.
		Neither drug is recommended for patients with New York Heart Association Class III and IV cardiac status.
		The drug should be discontinued if his cardiac status deteriorates.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3689/is_200208/ai_n9105031 (177 words)

	Global Diabetes Market Growing
		Global sales of antidiabetic drugs topped $8.1 billion for the 12 months to September 2000, a 19% increase over the previous 12 months according to IMS HEALTH's MIDAS pharmaceutical sales system.
		Oral antidiabetic drugs - the leading class of drugs used to treat the disease - accounted for almost 63% of sales during this period, with sales for top-ranked Glucophage totaling $1.6 billion.
		Inhaled insulin, currently in Phase III clinical trials for use in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, is also expected to play an important role in the management of the disease.
	www.ims-global.com /insight/news_story/0101/news_story_010125.htm (453 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Abstract of article: Induced desensitization of the insulinotropic effects of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Induced desensitization of the insulinotropic effects of antidiabetic drugs, BTS 67 582 and tolbutamide
		Acute and chronic mechanisms of action of novel insulinotropic antidiabetic drug, BTS 67 582 (1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholinophenyl)guanidine fumarate), were examined in the stable cultured BRIN-BD11 cell line.
		Desensitization of drug action may provide an important approach to dissect sites of action of novel and established insulinotropic antidiabetic agents.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v130/n2/abs/0703306a.html (351 words)

	Starlix(R) Approved For Use in Combination with Popular Thiazolidinedione Class of Antidiabetic Drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Starlix(R) (nateglinide) for use in combination with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not adequately controlled after a therapeutic response to a TZD.
		TZDs are a commonly used class of oral antidiabetic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
		Starlix was approved in the United States in 2001 as monotherapy for drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes and in combination with metformin, a leading oral antidiabetic agent.
	www.forrelease.com /D20031023/nyth011.P1.10222003161256.08191.html (337 words)

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