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Topic: Antipersonnel

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Antipersonnel Obstacle Breaching System

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	Statements by General Robert Gard
		And that is to impede the movement of dismounted troops- that is foot soldiers.
		Both of these two studies concluded that the use of antipersonnel landmines by both sides, when the U.S. is engaged in offensive operations, was a net military disadvantage to the United States.
		During the ground offensive in that Gulf War, 18th corps troops had to be warned that their rapid advance was overtaking active antipersonnel and anti-tank mines that we had scattered behind enemy frontlines.
	www.phrusa.org /campaigns/landmines/land_gard_tal.html (577 words)

	The Quest to Replace Antipersonnel Landmines
		Antipersonnel landmines have these military benefits, but also have dire residual effects.
		Antipersonnel landmines used by the United States, with the exception of those now warehoused for use in Korea, do not have long-term residual effects because they are self-destructing and/or self-deactivating.
		The deterrent function of antipersonnel landmines could be provided by other kinds of devices, thus eliminating the danger created by mines left in the field after a military action.
	www.nae.edu /nae/bridgecom.nsf/weblinks/MKEZ-4ZPP3R?OpenDocument (2815 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 2000
		Non-self-destructing antipersonnel landmines, or so-called "dumb" landmines, remain in the ground indefinitely and are the principal cause of the humanitarian crisis.
		In addition, the self-destructing antipersonnel mine is normally combined with self-destructing antitank mines resulting in a "mixed-system," sometimes referred to as a mixed antitank system since the principal purpose of the antipersonnel landmine component is to protect the antitank mines from rapid enemy breaches.
		Antipersonnel mines are defined as mines designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person and which will incapacitate, injure, or kill one or more persons.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/00spring/troxell.htm (7558 words)

	AG/RES. 2003 (XXXIV-O/04): The Americas As An Antipersonnel-Land-Mine-Free Zone
		To reaffirm the goals of the global elimination of antipersonnel land mines and the conversion of the Americas into an antipersonnel-land-mine-free zone.
		To urge member states to continue considering mine action as a national and regional priority and to foster the necessary political momentum and contribution of resources to maintain the leadership that the Americas have acquired globally to further this fundamental humanitarian task.
		To encourage member states that are parties to the Ottawa Convention to provide to the Secretary General as part of their submissions to the OAS Register of Antipersonnel Land Mines, in keeping with resolution AG/RES.
	www.state.gov /p/wha/rls/62444.htm (1569 words)

	BANNING ANTIPERSONNEL MINES, Executive Summary - Landmine Monitor Report 2001
		In Burundi, which is a treaty signatory, antipersonnel mines have continued to be used, and there have been allegations of use by both government and rebel forces, but Landmine Monitor has not been able to establish responsibility for the mine use.
		The kind of widespread use of antipersonnel mines that was witnessed in FR Yugoslavia/Kosovo in 1999 and in Russia/Chechnya at the height of that conflict in 1999 and early 2000 was not evident in this reporting period in any location.
		The ICBL believes that it would violate the spirit of the treaty for States Parties to permit any government or entity to stockpile antipersonnel mines on their territory, and would violate the letter of the treaty if those stocks are under the jurisdiction or control of the State Party.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2001/exec/banning.html (10604 words)

	Picatinny: Products
		Antipersonnel Landmine Alternatives (APL-A) The use of antipersonnel landmine (APL) alternatives can be traced to World War II when they were developed for use in antitank minefields to discourage foot soldiers from disabling antitank (AT) mines.
		Because the bulk of the mines still in use around the world are neither self-deactivating nor self-destructing, the humanitarian consequence of deploying these mines led to an effort to achieve a global ban on AP landmines.
		The combination of both antitank and antipersonnel munitions into a single artillery round results in a better dispersion of munitions on the ground and more effective minefield.
	www.pica.army.mil /PicatinnyPublic/products_services/products14.asp (557 words)

	A crucial summit in Nairobi: Let's end the era of antipersonnel mines
		The injuries caused by antipersonnel mines continue to be among the worst that our war surgeons treat.
		Growing public abhorrence with the devastating effects of antipersonnel mines on civilians led governments to adopt, in record time, the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of Antipersonnel Mines.
		Not only does the convention set deadlines for the elimination of antipersonnel mines, through clearance of infested areas and stockpile destruction, but it also commits countries to providing assistance for victims and mine risk education for affected communities.
	www.icrc.org /Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList336/28F4EDF4B7B2A22DC1256F5C00402013 (802 words)

	News from the Washington File
		However, Human Rights Watch believes that any use of antipersonnel mines by any armed force is prohibited by customary international humanitarian law since they are inherently indiscriminate weapons.
		"Antipersonnel mines should be viewed as completely repugnant weapons whose use is beyond the pale, just like weapons of mass destruction," said Steve Goose, executive director of the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch.
		Thus far, the only reports of U.S. mine use have been references to Claymore-type directional fragmentation munitions used in command-detonated (soldier-operated) mode; these weapons are not prohibited by the Mine Ban Treaty because they are triggered by the soldier, not the victim.
	malaysia.usembassy.gov /wf/wf0403_hrw.html (642 words)

	The Mine Ban Treaty
		The result of the Oslo negotiations was a strong treaty that, upon entering into force in March 1999, banned the use of antipersonnel mines, required that stockpiles be destroyed within four years, and stipulated that land be cleared of antipersonnel mines within ten years.
		U.S. policy on antipersonnel landmines was articulated by National Security Advisor Sandy Berger in a May 1998 letter and, a month later, in a classified Presidential Decision Directive.
		By insisting that antipersonnel landmines be retained in the arsenal of the world’s greatest military power, the U.S. signals to every other country that the weapon’s military utility outweighs its humanitarian costs.
	www.fpif.org /briefs/vol5/v5n21mines_body.html (2521 words)

	Star Wars: Databank \| HX2 antipersonnel mine
		An ancient battlefield staple, mines are concealed explosives littered across the ground to restrict or deter enemy approach.
		Antipersonnel mines contain an explosive charge of detonite, which explodes when tripped by a proximity sensor.
		The Conner Ship Systems HX2 mine is a widely distributed antipersonnel explosive used extensively by the ARC troopers of the Galactic Republic.
	www.starwars.com /databank/technology/hx2mine/index.html (182 words)

	On the Fifth Anniversary of Landmine Treaty, President Urged to Remove Antipersonnel Mines from Iraq War Arsenal
		The US military, which last used antipersonnel mines during the Persian Gulf War in 1991, reportedly has antipersonnel mines stored in Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain and elsewhere for possible use in Iraq.
		We are writing to urge you to prohibit the use of antipersonnel (AP) landmines by US forces in any future war in Iraq.
		As you know, eight retired US admirals and generals wrote to you after you took office stating that antipersonnel landmines "are outmoded weapons that have, time and again, proved to be a liability to our own troops.
	www.banminesusa.org /news/952_iraqmines.htm (1489 words)

	Ground penetrating radar and induction coil sensor imaging for antipersonnel mines detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The metal detectors currently used by demining team cannot differentiate a mine from metallic debris, which leads to 100-1000 false alarms for each real mine in minefields where the soil is contaminated by large quantities of shrapnel, metal scraps and cartridge cases.
		For antipersonnel mines, a center frequency of 1 to 2 GHz, and a bandwith of the same magnitude, seem to be a good choice for most types of soil and for "typical" APs with a diameter of 8-10 cm.
		Objects measured are antipersonnel mines and "false positives" (stones, bricks, wood and pieces of metal buried up to 30 cm).
	diwww.epfl.ch /w3lami/detec/gpr96.html (3651 words)

	Statement of Robert O. Muller President Clinton's Presidential Decision Directive on Antipersonnel Landmines
		We intend to carry our message to the American public: the Pentagon’s own studies show that antipersonnel landmines endanger American soldiers, that they are marginal weapons of warfare, and that their use actually undermines American military doctrine.
		High-ranking retired military officers agree with that position and affirm that banning antipersonnel landmines would not only be humane, but militarily responsible.
		According to the president’s pledge, the U.S. military is to aggressively search for alternatives to antipersonnel landmines – especially to those mixed systems that are now in use.
	www.vvaf.org /newsroom/1998/05-22-1998.html (490 words)

	Press Releases: Iraq, Iraqi use of antipersonnel mines condemned
		The International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) today condemned Iraq for using antipersonnel landmines at the outset of the conflict with the United States.
		But the ICBL believes that any use of antipersonnel mines is prohibited by customary international humanitarian law, because they are inherently indiscriminate weapons whose limited military benefits are far outweighed by the long-term cost to civilian populations.
		Iraq has been a significant producer and exporter of antipersonnel mines in the past, and has been notable for its complete lack of involvement in global efforts to eradicate the weapon.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/7e89468374c0d0efc1256cf000481c5c (414 words)

	Lone Sentry: TM-E 30-451 Handbook on German Military Forces: Antipersonnel Mines: Engineer Equipment: Equipment
		The S-Mine 44 is an antipersonnel mine of the bounding type similar to the S-mine 35.
		The igniter well is toward one side of the cover plate, and the height at which the mine explodes is controlled by an internal pull-igniter arrangement.
		This antipersonnel mine is made almost entirely of glass.
	www.lonesentry.com /manuals/tme30/ch8sec5sub5.html (1579 words)

	LSN - Landmine Survivors Network
		·Libya is not known to have produced or exported antipersonnel mines, but it has imported and used antipersonnel mines in the past.
		It claims to have not imported or used antipersonnel mines in 2001.
		·Syria may have produced and exported antipersonnel mines at some point in the past, but it is not known if this activity took place in recent years.
	www.landminesurvivors.org /news_article.php?id=164 (1845 words)

	Environmentalists Against War
		However, there are reports that the US use of antipersonnel land mines may already have occurred or be occurring now.
		The United States has apparently not used antipersonnel mines since the 1991 Gulf War, has not exported since 1992, has not produced since 1997, has destroyed more than 3 million stockpiled antipersonnel mines, and has provided more funding for mine clearance, mine risk education and mine victim assistance than any other single nation.
		This is a clear indication of the lack of utility of antipersonnel mines in modern warfare, and in post-9/11 warfare,” said Goose.
	www.envirosagainstwar.org /know/read.php?itemid=3033 (1554 words)

	Pentagon Poised to Resume Production of Antipersonnel Mines
		According to a media report which the Pentagon has yet to confirm or deny, in May 2005, the U.S. Army was to begin deploying to Iraq a new remote-controlled landmine system called Matrix, which relies on technology developed for Spider.
		Deminers in at least 29 mine-affected countries have reported the presence of nine different types of U.S.-manufactured antipersonnel mines and four types of antivehicle mines, including both non-self-destructing and self-destructing types.
		The appropriate Congressional committees should be notified on an annual basis of any export or transfers of antipersonnel mines, regardless of the intended purposes of the mines or the number of mines.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/aug/1025.html (802 words)

	Impressive Gains in Global Ban on Antipersonnel Mines (Human Rights Watch, 13-9-2006)
		At least four governments used antipersonnel mines in 2004 and 2003, six in 2002, nine in 2001, and 13 in 2000.
		In 2004, rebel groups used landmines in at least 13 countries; in 2003 in 16, in 2002 in 11, in 2001 in 14, and in 2000 in 18.
		In one notable indicator of the expanding acceptance of the ban on antipersonnel mines, in December 2005, more of the 40 non-signatories to the treaty supported the annual U.N. General Assembly resolution calling for adherence to the Mine Ban Treaty than abstained on the vote (18 in favor, 17 abstaining, and five absent).
	hrw.org /english/docs/2006/09/13/global14170.htm (1234 words)

	Alternatives to Mixed Antipersonnel/Antitank Systems
		The US military argues that it must retain its "mixed mine" antipersonnel/antitank (AP/AT) systems in order to provide a means of interdicting and then destroying armored enemy columns.
		The US military has not used antipersonnel, antitank landmines or mixed AP/AT systems in any conflict since the Gulf War.
		Vietnam Veterans of American Foundation stands ready to continue its work with the US military in ensuring that our forces are both antipersonnel landmine-free and that the elimination of this weapon does not endanger the lives of our men and women in uniform.
	www.vvaf.org /references/reports/alternatives-to-mixed-antipersonnelantitank-systems.html (491 words)

	Major New Report Calls for Global Ban on Antipersonnel Landmines
		A number of factors contribute to a bleak future: renewed hostilities in existing landmine-afflicted nations; the likelihood of increased ethnic and religious conflict around the world; changes in the strategies for using landmines; increasing involvement of more nations in landmine production and trade; and technological developments that can make mines even deadlier.
		The available evidence suggests that China, Italy and the former Soviet Union were probably the largest producers and exporters of antipersonnel mines in recent years, though not necessarily in that order.
		Combined global production of antipersonnel mines (excluding delivery systems and accessories) is probably worth at least $50 million to $200 million annually.
	www.phrusa.org /research/landmines/landleg.html (2055 words)

	antipersonnel - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "antipersonnel" is defined.
		antipersonnel : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include antipersonnel: antipersonnel bomb, antipersonnel mine, antipersonnel obstacle breaching system, antipersonnel weapon, artillery delivered antipersonnel mine
	www.onelook.com /?w=antipersonnel (155 words)

	Antipersonnel Weapons
		Four million dumb mines remain in the Pentagon stockpile of 15 million antipersonnel weapons.
		Human Rights Watch believes that any use of antipersonnel mines is a violation of existing international humanitarian law.
		The weapon is inherently indiscriminate, and its use clearly fails to meet the proportionality test of humanitarian law: the short-term military benefits are far outweighed by the long-term human and socio-economic costs.
	baltimorechronicle.com /spot_anti_persnell.html (834 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		To support proposals to implement the United States goal of the eventual elimination of antipersonnel landmines, to impose a moratorium on the use of antipersonnel landmines except in limited circumstances, to provide for sanctions against foreign governments that export antipersonnel landmines, and for other purposes.
		(6) There are hundreds of varieties of antipersonnel landmines, ranging from the simple $2 type to the more complex self-destructing type, all of which are incapable of distinguishing between civilians and combatants.
		(2) The moratorium under paragraph (1) does not apply to the use of antipersonnel landmines along internationally recognized national borders within a perimeter marked area that is monitored by military personnel and protected by adequate means to ensure the exclusion of civilians.
	www.fas.org /pub/gen/atwg/landmine/hr1876.html (778 words)

	AG/RES. 1794 (XXXI-O/01): The Western Hemisphere as an Antipersonnel-Land-Mine-Free Zone
		The efforts being made by the Governments of Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru to complete mine-clearing activities and the destruction of stockpiles, as well as programs of those countries and El Salvador aimed at the physical and psychological rehabilitation of victims and the socioeconomic reclamation of demined areas in their countries;
		To reaffirm the goals of the global elimination of antipersonnel land mines and the conversion of the Western Hemisphere into an antipersonnel-land-mine-free zone.
		To urge member states that have not yet done so to ratify or consider acceding to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention) as soon as possible to ensure its full and effective implementation.
	www.state.gov /t/ac/csbm/rd/23405.htm (710 words)

	Press Releases: Afghanistan, Afghanistan/Landmines: ICBL Letter to NATO Secretary General Lord Robertson
		It is clear that the use of antipersonnel mines has disastrous humanitarian consequences and, in Afghanistan, would exacerbate an already overwhelming mine and unexploded ordnance problem.
		With the current situation in the country and massive displacement of the civilian population, it is likely that these casualties will increase; landmines will take their toll on Afghan civilians, international aid workers, and combatants alike.
		Thus we are calling upon NATO member states that have signed the Mine Ban Treaty to make unilateral statements of opposition to any use of antipersonnel mines by the U.S. or others and to refuse to participate or cooperate in any way with operations where antipersonnel mines may be used.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/541da04f290f261ec1256af8004c2ad3 (581 words)

	BANNING ANTIPERSONNEL MINES, Landmine Monitor Report 2001
		A total of 140 countries have signed or acceded to the Mine Ban Treaty as of 31 July 2001, thereby legally committing themselves to no use of antipersonnel mines.
		On the other side from these new outbreaks of use of antipersonnel mines, it would appear that, compared to Landmine Monitor Report 2000, the government of FR Yugoslavia did not use antipersonnel mines in this reporting period and the governments of Eritrea and Ethiopia stopped use early in the period.
		In each instance, the stoppage in use of mines was the result of the cessation of hostilities, rather than a policy decision.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2001/intro/banning.html (10104 words)

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