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	Anti-aircraft warfare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Starting in the post-World War II era the guns were joined by the guided missile, specifically the "surface-to-air missile", and today both are used in combination in most roles.
		The exception to this rule were the guns protecting spotting balloons, in which case the altitude could be accurately measured from the length of the cable holding the balloon.
		Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS or the US Phalanx CIWS which uses a 20 mm M61 Vulcan gun firing at over 4,500 rounds per minute for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft fighting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antiaircraft_gun (3779 words)

	Chapter 12 (pp 541-573)
		Antiaircraft artillery in air defense of objects in the rear area (airfields, electrical power stations, bridges and crossings) was used in consideration of the nature of enemy aviation operations, the tactical and technical data of his aircraft, and most important, the tactical and technical capabilities of the antiaircraft weapons themselves.
		Antiaircraft artillery fired only when their own fighters were not attacking the targets or when they were prepared to open fire upon the enemy when their fighters disengaged from combat.
		Antiaircraft artillery used the PUAZO stations to fire on radar data from the SON stations as to the probable bomb drop line and shifted from that probable line towards the target; part of the batteries fired barrage fire according to the SON data.
	www.korean-war.com /Russia/KoreaPoligon541-573.html (8550 words)

	Self-propelled gun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Self-propelled guns are combat support weapons; they are employed by combat support units which fight in support of or are attached to combat units: infantry and armour.
		They should not be confused with tanks—although the two are superficially similar, as a rule self-propelled guns are more lightly armoured, and although they have may turrets, do not have the pure combat power of a tank.
		Self-propelled artillery guns and howitzers are used in the same way as their towed variety, generally in long-range bombardment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Self_propelled_gun (259 words)

	Lone Sentry: TM-E 30-451 Handbook on German Military Forces: Antiaircraft Artillery: Artillery: Weapons
		The 2 cm Flak 30 was the standard light antiaircraft gun until the introduction of the 2 cm Flak 38 and the Flakvierling 38.
		The 88-mm gun was produced first in 1934 as the standard mobile antiaircraft gun.
		Antiaircraft fire control for automatic weapons is accomplished through the use of various types of on-carriage sights, ranging from the simple manually operated Linealvisier (linear sight) through various mechanical types and the complicated, electrical Flakvisier.
	www.lonesentry.com /manuals/tme30/ch7sec4sub7.html (2880 words)

	Lone Sentry: Use of 20-mm AA/AT Gun Against Ground Targets (WWII U.S. Intelligence Bulletin, February 1943)
		The 20-mm gun on a self-propelled mount combines the fire power and mobility of an antiaircraft gun with the accuracy and penetration of an antitank gun.
		Guns must be sited so that attacking aircraft can be engaged from reverse slopes, while, moving the gun to a position on the forward slope, it is possible to bring under fire the enemy approaching on the ground.
		In case of surprise attack, fire is opened either immediately from the tractor on which the gun is mounted, or else sections (which are fully motorized) leave the column and occupy a position on firm ground with a good field of fire, with the gun dismounted.
	www.lonesentry.com /articles/use20mm (937 words)

	Guns of USS Tuscaloosa - CA-37 - USS Wichita - CA-45 - WWII heavy cruisers
		She was eventually outfitted with 16 - 40mm and 19 - 20mm antiaircraft guns, replacing the machine guns.
		Although a heavy antiaircraft gun found only on cruisers or heavier ships, it was very effective because it was firing a substantial two-pound projectile and, in a quadruple mount, its rate of fire was 480 rounds per minute.
		Gun crews of an unidentified cruiser scan the skies on 15 Dec. 1944.
	home.earthlink.net /~keylimepie/guns.htm (737 words)

	Skylighters, The Web Site of the 225th AAA Searchlight Battalion: Coast Artillery and AA Artillery -- An Overview
		The Antiaircraft Command was established 9 March 1942 at Washington, DC with the mission of instructing and training personnel for duty with antiaircraft artillery and barrage balloon units and organizing and training such units for combat duty.
		Antiaircraft artillery was separated from the seacoast artillery on 9 March 1942.
		The Antiaircraft Artillery School was activated at Camp Davis on 31 March 1942 and moved to Fort Bliss in October 1944, where the headquarters of the Antiaircraft Artillery School was already located.
	www.skylighters.org /history/coastart (2215 words)

	FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: ANTIAIRCRAFT GUNS PART II
		The gun could fire both single-shots and semiautomatic fire, in automatic-mode the gun kept firing as long as foot-pedal was hold down and ammunition was fed in.
		The gun was not only ahead of its time in some areas, but it appeared in right place at the right time - there was a gap between effective range and firepower of 20-mm automatic guns and heavy antiaircraft-guns in 1930's.
		Besides the eight guns already installed to Ilmarinen and Väinämöinen the other six guns were used to arm three Finnish ice-breakers (Jääkarhu, Voima and Sisu) and the remaining two guns were installed to gunboats Uusimaa and Hämeenmaa.
	www.jaegerplatoon.net /AA_GUNS2.htm (3913 words)

	The Hammer of Hell
		The Antiaircraft Artillery doctrine, tactics, technology, and structure introduced between 1939 and the Battle of Kasserine Pass reflected the Coast Artillery mentality and the indifference of the U.S. Army towards air attack in the combat zone.
		In WWI, antiaircraft artillerymen admitted that their systems were inaccurate and short ranged, so they were compelled to position the guns and machine guns close to the defended target where attacking aircraft could be engaged in an incoming posture, the easiest AAA gunnery problem.
		General Sunderland believed that the AAA gun remained the cornerstone of the antiaircraft force and he devoted most of the budgetary increases toward the development and standardization of a new big gun, the 90mm, which had more range and a radar to improve its target acquisition.
	www.skylighters.org /hammer/chapter1.html (4117 words)

	SEPTEMBER, 1944
		In the Marshall Islands on September 1, gun positions, ammunition dumps, a radio station and personnel areas on Mille, Wotje and Maloelap Atolls were bombed and strafed by Corsair fighters and Dauntless dive bombers of the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing.
		Gun emplacements at Wotje Atoll were bombed on September 14 by Corsairs of the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing.
		Gun positions and the airfield at Ponape were bombed on September 14 by Seventh Army Air Force Mitchells.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/comms/1944-09.html (8309 words)

	LemaireSoft's 88mm: global gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It was the 88mm Flak 18 antiaircraft gun, a good weapon but already somewhat outdated in 1939.
		Planned as an antiaircraft weapon, its carriage was too high for an antitank role but this usage had been envisaged early, so that the aiming devices and the shells were extant when the war broke out.
		In its antiaircraft role, the 88 also gained a "publicity" leg on its competitors, because it had to face the continuous onslaught of the allied aircraft, while its allied counterparts remained idle facing a weakening Luftwaffe.
	www.lemaire.happyhost.org /armes/artillerie/5385.html (603 words)

	ZSU-23 23MM Antiaircraft Gun
		These are primarily distinguishable externally by the types of stowage boxes on the turret and minor modifications in the mounting of the guns.
		The four guns are water cooled and have a cyclic rate of fire of 800 to 1,000 rounds per minute each.
		However, the guns are normally fired in bursts (2-3 rounds per barrel) to reduce ammunition expenditure and prolong barrel life.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/row/zsu-23-4.htm (742 words)

	Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II (Into the Central and Northern Solomons) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The 90mm antiaircraft guns also were ready that same day, fortunately so, since the Japanese launched the first of 159 air raids carried out during the campaign.
		The 9th Defense Battalion deployed light antiaircraft guns, as this Bofors 40mm weapon, in the Solomons on Rendova and New Georgia, both to protect the Zanana beachhead and to support the accelerating advance against the Munda airfield.
		The light antiaircraft artillery of the 12th Defense Battalion on the deck of an LST approaching Cape Gloucester, New Britain, is poised to fire on Japanese aircraft.
	www.nps.gov /wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003133-00/sec10.htm (2393 words)

	Chinese Defence Today :: 14.5 mm Antiaircraft Machine Guns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The machine gun has been exported in a large number to the North Vietnam Army and was considered the most dangerous opposition to U.S. helicopters in the Vietnam War.
		However, the machine gun still weights 140 kg after the modification, which is far too heavy for being crew transportable.
		The Type 80 has a similar gun design as the Type 75, but uses a two-wheel carriage to replace the original tripod on the Type 75 to increase the mobility.
	www.sinodefence.com /army/crewserved/mg_145.asp (619 words)

	Historic California Posts: Fort Funston Including Lake Merced Military Reservation
		The mortar battery, in which the four guns were arranged in a straight line, was named for Brigadier General Walter Howe who had died in 1915.
		The same was true for the rapid fire battery, whose ammunition storage was a mere wooden shelter between the guns covered with a thin layer of earth.
		With this in mind, dozens of mobile antiaircraft guns were placed throughout the bay area.
	www.militarymuseum.org /FtFunston.html (3358 words)

	Chinese Defence Today :: 12.7 mm Machine Guns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The 12.7 mm antiaircraft machine gun (AAMG) is the standard air defence weapon in service with PLA Infantry Battalions.
		The machine gun is fitted with optical sight with night vision input.
		The machine gun is mounted on a tripod and can be carried by soldiers with limited ammunitions over short distances.
	www.sinodefence.com /army/crewserved/mg_127.asp (463 words)

	French Autocannons
		Notes: This elderly antiaircraft gun is still in use by French Foreign Legion units, usually in a ground support role, and by the forces of Chad.
		Notes: This is an older French antiaircraft gun, using the same autocannon (M 693(F2)) that the Cerbere 76T2 twin 20mm gun uses.
		In addition, the guns have automatic electric cutout to stop a gun from firing if it cooks off, and the gun can be set to not fired if pointed within certain arcs (to prevent firing at friendly targets or at useless fields of fire such as targets the ammunition cannot penetrate).
	www.pmulcahy.com /autocannons/french_autocannons.html (626 words)

	M1939 / Type 55 37mm automatic antiaircraft gun
		The Soviet recoil-operated 37mm antiaircraft guns are based on a Bofors design and closely resemble the 40mm guns used by both the British and United States forces during World Mar II.
		The 37nm guns have hydraulic recoil buffers and spring recuperators.
		The 37mm gun M1939 is used in Communist China where it is known as the Type 55.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/m1939.htm (144 words)

	WorldWar2.ro - 75mm Vickers antiaircraft gun model 1936/39
		In 1935 it was selected to be the new standard heavy AA gun of the Romanian Army.
		In March 1939, the British firm delivered the 48 guns and the first battery made at Resita equipped a Romanian AA artillery regiment by 1 August the same year.
		The Vickers/Resita model 1936/39 75mm AA gun was used by almost all ten Romanian AA regiments, throughout the war, and was much appreciated for its qualities in the anti-aircraft and also anti-tank role (as it was used in some desperate situations at Stalingrad).
	www.worldwar2.ro /arme?article=336 (319 words)

	The Test
		Two weeks later General Olmstead recommended that XT 1 be standardized as gun layer SCR 584, simultaneously asking a change in the fifth supplemental national defense appropriation for the fiscal year 1942 whereby 622 sets might be purchased with funds that had been already allocated to another gun laying radar, the SCR 545.
		When the Antiaircraft Artillery Board members wrote their report after testing the set in March 1942, they commented that the XT 1, being a laboratory model, contained many makeshift parts which rendered it unfit as it stood for field use.
		It is strongly recommended that every effort be made to expedite the antiaircraft radar program, both in development and procurement, and that particular stress be placed on the procurement of gun control sets and the development and procurement of a new searchlight control set.
	www.infoage.org /sigcww2-test-p265-scr584.html (4099 words)

	Boston Area AAA Gun Sites
		Two Massachusetts Army National Guard AAA 90mm gun battalions were mobilized during the crisis precipitated by the Chinese entrance into the Korea War.
		Antiaircraft planning developed initially that AAA batteries would be located on major Army installations but were earmarked for defense of critical areas.
		The on-site gun program was considered a temporary measure until the first generation of surface-to-air missiles (Nike-Ajax) would be deployed later in the decade.
	ed-thelen.org /J-McGrath/AAAGS.HTM (2026 words)

	Air defense Weapons of the Former USSR & Russia
		The ZPU-series of 14.5-mm towed antiaircraft guns consists of the ZPU-1, ZPU-2, and ZPU-4, with the number representing the number of guns on the chassis.
		The guns are fully automatic, recoil-operated, and each gun has a cyclic rate of fire of 105 to 120 rds/min with a practical rate of fire of 70 rds/gun/min.
		The Gun Dish radar on the ZSU-23-4M is capable of being used independently in the search mode whereas on previous versions it had been slaved to the gun tubes.
	www.armscontrol.ru /atmtc/Arms_systems/Land/Missiles/SAM/airdef.htm (10400 words)

	Welcome to 337th SUPPORT BATTALION
		Reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1944 as Headquarters, 337th Antiaircraft Artillery Searchlight Battalion.
		Reorganized and redesignated 1 December 1947 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 337th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion (90mm Gun).
		Redesignated 1 October 1953 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 337th Antiaircraft Artillery (90mm Gun).
	www.military.com /HomePage/UnitPageFullText/0,13476,715164,00.html (366 words)

	IAF Museum - M1939 37mm Automatic Antiaircraft Gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Israelis captured M1939s from the Arab armies during the Six Day War (1967) and Yom Kippur War (1973) and commissioned them into IAF service.
		The Soviets copied the 37mm M1939 from the Swedish 25mm Bofors antiaircraft gun gun sold to them in the 1930s.
		Because of this, it closely resembled the 40mm guns used by the U.K. and U.S. during WWII.
	www.davidpride.com /Aviation/IAF_160.htm (126 words)

	238th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion - Japan - US Army - Korean War Project
		One of us was to be assigned to a Marine outfit and the guns were to be used as anti-personnel weapons.
		Sometime in the late spring the 238th went home and were named the 53rd AAA Gun Bn.
		Since all of the AAA units which reached Korea were equiped with 90mmMk2 guns, We were picked because of our state of readiness.
	www.koreanwar.org /html/units/238aaa.htm (751 words)

	Military Manual New Photocopies January 1999
		We have kept this separate list available the people who don't have an updated printed catalog, so they can easly find out what manuals we added to the photocopy list in January 1999.
		Antiaircraft Battery Commander’s Observation Instrument, M1 (14 March 1939); 25 pages, 14 illus.
		Gun and Carriage, 75-mm, M1916A1 and M1916MIA1 (2 January 1940); 53 pages, 20 illus.
	www.military-info.com /mphoto/new1j99.htm (1928 words)

	ZSU-23 23MM Antiaircraft Gun
		Home :: Military :: World :: Russia :: Ground :: ZSU-23-4 Shilka 23MM Antiaircraft Gun ::
		Four 23 mm guns mounted in front of turret
		Folding circular GUN DISH fire control/acquisition radar mounted at rear of turret
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/zsu-23-4-specs.htm (53 words)

	Stars & Stripes
		Iraqi soldiers find rusty but serviceable anti-aircraft gun
		It was written in Arabic and, according to a translator, advised insurgents that God would help them in their missions.
		Outiside in a yard between palm trees, they uncovered the 23 mm anti-aircraft gun, wrapped in blankets and buried under about two feet of dirt.
	www.stripes.com /article.asp?section=104&article=27988&archive=true (713 words)

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