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	Antiarrhythmics - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Antiarrhythmics are used to treat heart rhythm disorders, called arrhythmias, and to lessen the symptoms associated with them.
		Antiarrhythmics work in a variety of ways to slow the electrical impulses in the heart so that the heart can resume a regular rhythm.
		Class II antiarrhythmic medicines are beta-blockers, which work by blocking the impulses that may cause an irregular heart rhythm and by interfering with hormonal influences (such as adrenaline) on the heart's cells.
	www.texasheartinstitute.org /HIC/Topics/Meds/antiarrh.cfm (1063 words)

	Pharmacology
		Properties of the class IA antiarrhythmics include A. reduce automaticity of his-Purkinje fibers B. decrease the rate of rise and amplitude of phase 0 depolarization C. prolong P-R and Q-T intervals D. facilitate inward sodium conductance during rapid depolarization 1.
		The effect of different antiarrhythmic agents is best understood by knowing their predominant actions on cardiac fibers.
		In ACLS algorithm, first antiarrhythmic to be administered in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation refractory to defibrillation and epinephrine.
	research.med.umkc.edu /pharm/tests/antiarr.html (1498 words)

	Antiarrhythmics - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Antiarrhythmics work in a variety of ways to slow the electrical impulses in the heart so that the heart can resume a regular rhythm.
		Class I antiarrhythmic medicines are sodium-channel blockers, which slow electrical conduction in the heart.
		Antiarrhythmics can increase or decrease the effects of other medicines that you are taking.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/antiarrh.html (1127 words)

	Estudios Multicéntricos
		Relative effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with varying degrees of left ventricular dysfunction who have survived malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
		Secondary prevention of sudden death: the Dutch Study, the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillator Trial, the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg, and the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study.
		Antiarrhythmic drugs versus implantable defibrillators: the need for a randomized controlled study.
	www.cardioglobal.com.ar /gif_estudios/avid.htm (397 words)

	Antiarrhythmics for congenital heart defects
		Antiarrhythmic medications act on the electrical system of the heart.
		Antiarrhythmic medications are used to treat and prevent irregular heartbeats.
		Antiarrhythmic medications help control irregular heartbeats; they do not treat the congenital heart defect itself.
	my.webmd.com /hw/heart_disease/hw256395.asp?lastselectedguid={5FE84E90-BC77-4056-A91C-9531713CA348} (242 words)

	Drug interactions that matter (6) Antiarrhythmics
		Antiarrhythmic drugs are sometimes used concurrently, with the aim of achieving an improved therapeutic effect.
		The modified Vaughan Williams classification of oral antiarrhythmic drugs, which classifies drugs according to their effects on the electrical behaviour of myocardial cells, can help to predict whether an additive effect may occur when two antiarrhythmics are combined (see Panel 1).
		As mentioned in the previous section, certain antiarrhythmic drugs are associated with prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/19990703/education/antiarrhythmics.html (3192 words)

	Discovery Health :: Center Article :: What Do I Need to Know About Antiarrhythmics?
		Antiarrhythmics work by correcting the patterns of electrical conduction in your heart.
		Some antiarrhythmics work directly at the SA or AV node to regulate the heart rhythm.
		Possible side effects of antiarrhythmics that you may not notice: Although you may not be aware that your body is experiencing any of the following changes, your doctor will be able to test for these side effects during an office visit.
	health.discovery.com /centers/articles/articles.html?chrome=c14&article=LC_72¢er=p10 (545 words)

	The South African Medicines Formulary: CARDIAC THERAPY, Part 2: Antiarrhythmics Class I and III
		In addition to antiarrhythmic drug therapy, the overall cardiovascular status of the patient should be rendered optimal by treatment of heart failure, hypokalaemia, other electrolyte status and ischaemia.
		In patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias, mexiletine may be combined with other antiarrhythmic agents to increase efficacy of both drugs at lower doses, with fewer adverse effects.
		The major metabolites are known to have antiarrhythmic and neurotoxic activity but problems due to accumulation are seldom seen in renal impairment.
	www.uct.ac.za /depts/mmi/jmoodie/c01part2.html (3372 words)

	Antiarrhythmics good value for thromboembolism prevention in AF
		Antiarrhythmic agents are less cost effective for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) when physicians' preference is for new, more costly antiarrhythmics, reports a team of researchers from Japan.
		Results showed that antiarrhythmic treatment required an extra cost of ¥6.16 million(*) to prevent 1 episode of thromboembolism per year, compared to no specific treatment.
		The researchers conclude that antiarrhythmic drugs are able to reduce thromboembolic events in patients with paroxysmal AF, but if the physician's preference is for new, more costly antiarrhythmics, they have only borderline cost effectiveness.
	www2.eisai.co.jp /essential/wf/abst/cerebral/pen-800879682.html (291 words)

	Antiarrhythmics
		Major antiarrhythmics are generally classified by their effects on cardiac conduction tissue.
		Class I antiarrhythmics in general block Na channels in heart cells, which decrease the conduction of electrical signals from cell to cell.
		Class IB antiarrhythmics are the least effective at blocking sodium channels.
	www.geocities.com /yesolyeomyong/antiarrhythmics.html (473 words)

	Antiarrhythmics Lecture Notes
		Antiarrhythmic drugs can be classified by their ability to directly or indirectly block flux of one or more of these ions across the membranes of excitable cardiac muscle cells.
		Antiarrhythmic drugs act by altering the flux of ions across the membranes of excitable cells in the heart.
		The relative efficacies of antiarrhythmics according to class are shown in Table 4.
	lysine.pharm.utah.edu /netpharm/netpharm_00/notes/antiarrhythmics.html (3156 words)

	Antiarrhythmics - Page 1
		In general, the leading class of antiarrhythmics (class I) interferes with the flow of ionized minerals through the heart.
		Physicians may need to experiment with a number of antiarrhythmics to find one that effectively treats a patient's particular condition.
		In many cases, antiarrhythmic medications need to be taken for life.
	heart.health.ivillage.com /arrhythmiatreatment/antiarrhythmics.cfm (423 words)

	Family Pratice News: New Antiarrhythmics Put Atrial Fibrillation on Hold - dofetilide and azimilide
		Marketing approval was recently granted for dofetilide, a "pure" class III antiarrhythmic agent and is anticipated this year for azimilide, a similar agent.
		In a well-conducted study in which 253 AF patients were randomized to placebo or to one of three sotalol doses, freedom from AF at 1 year was 28% with placebo and 30% with 80 mg b.i.d.
		Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are more effective than antiarrhythmic drugs in preventing arrhythmic cardiac death, but they do not affect rates of death from other cardiac causes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BJI/is_5_30/ai_61530753 (902 words)

	Journal of Family Practice: Do antiarrhythmics prevent sudden death in patients with heart failure? - Clinical ...
		Antiarrhythmic agents have been studied in patients with heart failure because these persons have a high incidence of sudden death, presumably from ventricular arrhythmias.
		Although the implantable defibrillator is an alternative antiarrhythmic device that may be preferred for some patients, we restricted our review to pharmacologic antiarrhythmics.
		Class I antiarrhythmics and other class III agents have hot been studied in heart failure trials, but were associated with increased mortality in studies of patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia, (9,10) including patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_9_52/ai_107996916 (1181 words)

	Myocardial infarction: class of antiarrhythmic agent affects mortality.
		Patients at risk from sudden cardiac death who are given class I antiarrhythmics, are more likely to die than those given a control (NNH = 163 at unknown).
		Patients given class II antiarrhythmics (beta-blockers) are less likely to die than those given a control (NNT = 85 at unknown).
		Class III antiarrhythmics (amiodarone) decrease death (NNT = 36 at unknown).
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/500.htm (191 words)

	8-(Substituted N-phenylcarboxamidomethyl) pyrrolizidines and use thereof as antiarrhythmics - Patent 4564624
		The compounds of this invention are used as a therapeutic agent for arrhythmia in the form of free base or in a form of pharmacologically acceptable salt, for instance, hydrochloride, which can be administered orally or non-orally singly or together with conventional harmless excipients in a suitable composition form such as capsule, tablet or injection.
		Effective dose of an antiarrhythmic agent varies depending on administration method, types and degrees of arrhythmic and physical conditions of patients, but, in general, it should be an amount sufficient for causing dysrhythmia to normalize.
		In the case of a compound of this invention, a practical dosage is, when administered orally, 50-200 mg/day/adult, and this dosage is divided into 3-4 times, and, when administered by intravenous drip injection, 0.5-5 mg/kg (body weight) is used.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4564624.html (1189 words)

	IngentaConnect Metabolism of Antiarrhythmics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Antiarrhythmics are a group of drugs that manage the irregular electrical activity of the heart.
		The disposition of antiarrhythmics is dependent on many factors, such as administration route, stereoselectivity in the first-pass effect, inhibition of enzymes, polymorphisms, etc. Consequently, the pharmacological activity of drugs may be interindividually variable.
		The classical approaches, such as correlation analysis, specifically the inhibitory effect, or induction of chemicals, and immunoinhibition, may be combined with the use of recombinant enzymes for identifying the enzymes involved in the drug metabolism.
	api.ingentaconnect.com /content/ben/cdm/2004/00000005/00000006/art00006 (326 words)

	Myocardial infarction: mortality differs between class of antiarrhythmic.
		Patients who have had a myocardial infarction and are given a class I antiarrhythmic drug, are more likely to die than those given placebo (NNT = -151 at unknown).
		Patients who have had a myocardial infarction and are given a beta-blocker (class II antiarrhythmic), are less likely to die (NNT = 84 at unknown).
		Patients given amiodarone (class III antiarrhythmics) are less likely to die (NNT = 29 at unknown).
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/673.htm (239 words)

	Imidazole antiarrhythmics - Patent 4868194
		The present invention is directed to a new class of piperidinyl imidazole antiarrhythmic agents and to methods for treating arrhythmias.
		The compounds of the present invention having Class III antiarrhythmic properties are useful for treating a variety of arrhythmic conditions of the heart.
		(c) the phrase "antiarrhythmic amount" refers to the amount of a compound that is utilized in either preventing or alleviating an arrhythmia.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4868194.html (4667 words)

	NASPE: Outpatient Administration of Class IC Antiarrhythmics Safely Terminates Atrial Fibrillation, Reduces ...
		SAN DIEGO, CA -- May 14, 2002 -- Results of a prospective, multicenter study indicate that intermittent outpatient administration of class IC antiarrhythmics is a safe and effective strategy for termination of atrial fibrillation (AF).
		Only patients whose AF was successfully terminated during an initial in-hospital trial of either 600 mg of propafenone or 300 mg of flecainide, were included in the study.
		Change to daily administration of antiarrhythmic was required in nine patients during follow-up.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/CD79DAA7C2277A5E85256BB900435878 (482 words)

	Heart Healthy Women - Antiarrhythmics: Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		With the exception of beta blockers, prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy is largely unwarranted in CAD patients because of the risk of proarrhythmia
		Due to increased mortality from both arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic cardiac causes, routine use of class I antiarrhythmics is contraindicated post-MI Class II antiarrhythmics (beta blockers) are the only antiarrhythmic medication recommended for prophylactic use in STEMI patients
		Class III antiarrhythmics may be used in MI patients requiring therapy in addition to beta blockers
	www.hearthealthywomen.org /professionals/medications/antiarrhythmics.html (244 words)

	Antiarrhythmic Drugs to Treat Heart Disease
		Antiarrhythmia drugs are used to treat abnormal heart rhythms resulting from irregular electrical activity of the heart.
		Your doctor had determined that you have an abnormal heart rhythm that would be best treated with medications alone or in addition to a procedure such as ICD placement.
		If you are taking an antiarrhythmic, talk to your doctor before taking any other drugs (prescription or over-the-counter), herbal remedies, or supplements.
	my.webmd.com /content/pages/9/1675_57813.htm?lastselectedguid={5FE84E90-BC77-4056-A91C-9531713CA348} (312 words)

	NursingCenter - Professional Development - CE Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Most antiarrhythmic agents used to slow a rapid heart rate are classified according to the Vaughn Williams classification system (see Classifying Antiarrhythmics the Vaughn Williams Way).
		Ibutilide (Corvert) is a Class III antiarrhythmic used to convert recent-onset atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.
		Because of these proarrhythmic effects, antiarrhythmic agents should be used when the potential benefit clearly outweighs the risks.
	www.nursingcenter.com /prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=538610 (3746 words)

	MHVI Owners Manual . Medications . Antiarrhythmics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Antiarrhythmics are used to treat (prevent) abnormal heart rhythms such as:
		Sometimes a pacemaker or automatic defibrillator is also implanted in patients requiring antiarrhythmic drugs.
		Your doctor may prescribe an antiarrhythmic drug to protect you from a life-threatening arrhythmia.
	www.mhvi.org /owners_manual/med_antiarrhy.asp (406 words)

	Study findings may lead to better antiarrhythmics
		Researchers from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have discovered how the antiarrhythmic drug lidocaine changes the behavior of sodium channels, the donut-like pores that let sodium pass across the heart cell membrane.
		Antiarrhythmic drugs tend to be toxic, and they don't work very well," said the report's senior author, Dr. Jeffrey R. Balser, associate professor of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology and holder of the James Taloe Gwathmy Clinician-Scientist Chair at Vanderbilt University.
		Balser and his collaborators studied the effects of lidocaine on the behavior of a particular mutant sodium channel, using electrophysiological techniques to measure the current (charged sodium ions) passing through the mutant channels.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /reporter?ID=1093 (643 words)

	Listserve For EmergencyMedical Practioners: Re: [EMED-L] Amidar
		Even more interesting was that other antiarrhythmics also worked in improving the number of patients surviving to hospital admission with an effect size (odds ratio of 1.8, p=0.02) that was similar to that of amiodarone (odds ratio 1.6, p=0.02)!
		Multivariate analysis reportedly shows an independent value of amiodarone, and the conclusions for other antiarrhythmics are not robust because they were not given in a randomized fashion, but I still found this the most interesting result of the study.
		My number one conclusion from the ARREST trial is that antiarrhythmics as a class of drugs appear to improve survival to the hospital in patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest.
	www.ucsf.edu /its/listserv/emed-l/2747.html (701 words)

	Antiarrhythmics---from cell to clinic: past, present, and future -- Hancox et al. 84 (1): 14 -- Heart
		L type calcium and sodium channels are of greater importance as antiarrhythmic targets.
		Kinetics of onset of rate-dependent effects of class l antiarrhythmic drugs are important in determining their effects on refractoriness in guinea-pig ventricle, and provide a theoretical basis for their subclassification.
		A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms.
	www.heartjnl.com /cgi/content/full/84/1/14 (6160 words)

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