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Topic: Antibacterial

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	APUA: Q&A's about Antibacterials
		Antibacterials may be divided into two groups according to their speed of action and residue production: The first group contains those that act rapidly to destroy bacteria, but quickly disappear (by evaporation or breakdown) and leave no active residue behind (referred to as non-residue-producing).
		The non-residue producing agents (Table of Antibacterials) have been used for many years and continue to be effective agents for controlling disease organisms in a wide variety of healthcare and domestic settings.
		Antibacterials are not discriminating and an all-out attack on bacteria in general is unjustified.
	www.tufts.edu /med/apua/Q&A/Q&A_antibacterials.html (1675 words)

	Antibacterial material for water - Patent 5011602
		When this antibacterial material for water is placed in water, microorganisms living in the water would pass through the fabric and approach the carrier, so that they are attacked by the antibacterial agent contained therein and die.
		A known antibacterial material for water comprises a particulate antibacterial composition comprising zeolite as a carrier, wherein metal(s) capable of ion exchange contained in said zeolite are exchanged with at least one metal selected from among silver, copper and zinc (cf.
		It is another object of the present invention to provide an antibacterial material for water capable of killing microorganisms living in water at the same efficiency when retained in water for a prolonged period of time, i.e., an antibacterial material for water showing a sustained antibiotic effect.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5011602.html (4877 words)

	Antibacterial Growth Promoters: Continued Use, Continued Efficacy, Continued Controversy
		Sub-therapeutic inclusion of antibacterial compounds in feeds can be defined as inclusion of these compounds in complete feeds at doses below what would be intended to treat clinical disease but at a level that will promote more rapid growth and improved feed efficiency or maintenance of growth in the presence of sub-clinical disease.
		Antibacterial feed additives continue to be used by swine producers for a simple reason.
		Some argue with good basis that antibacterial growth promoters have been used in livestock and poultry production for over 50 years and continue to be highly effective with little or no direct evidence that the effectiveness of human or animal disease treatment is jeopardized (Cromwell, 2000).
	www.ext.vt.edu /news/periodicals/livestock/aps-02_03/aps-082.html (961 words)

	Antibacterial Soap - Background, Design, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing, Quality Control, Byproducts/Waste
		Antibacterial soaps were originally marketed as deodorant soaps to control body odor caused by the action of bacteria on perspiration.
		The regulatory status of antibacterial soaps is still tentative; the monograph has not been finalized and industry experts do not expect it to be ready until after the year 2000.
		Water is the most abundant ingredient in antibacterial soaps because it is used as a carrier and a diluent for the other ingredients.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-4/Antibacterial-Soap.html (2374 words)

	Antibacterial resistance, Wayampis Amerindians, French Guyana Emerging Infectious Diseases - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Antibacterial resistance is high in developing countries (1) because of self-medication, the suboptimal quality of antibacterial drugs, and poor community and patient hygiene (2).
		Rates of antibacterial exposure were calculated as the ratio of the number of treatments prescribed divided by the number of villagers and compared by using analysis of variance.
		Overall antibacterial and aminopenicillin exposures were significantly higher in village Z, where the paramedical officer resided (Table 1), and in children.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_6_10/ai_n6076615 (1023 words)

	Antibacterial Cleaning Products and Drug Resistance \| CDC EID
		Antibacterial product use did not lead to a significant increase in antimicrobial drug resistance after 1 year (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 0.74–2.41), nor did it have an effect on bacterial susceptibility to triclosan.
		When comparing isolates from the antibacterial users and nonantibacterial users (Figure 2 and Appendix Figure), no significant differences in the proportions of resistance were found in all species combined or within single species (all p>0.05).
		Currently, no evidence suggests that use of antibacterial soap containing 0.2% triclosan provides a benefit over plain soap in reducing bacterial counts and rate of infectious symptoms in generally healthy persons in the household setting (4,5,15).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol11no10/04-1276.htm (3409 words)

	FDA questions use of antibacterial soaps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Food and Drug Administration is questioning the use of popular antibacterial cleansers, which critics say may not only provide little benefit for healthy consumers but could carry environmental and public-health risks.
		Antibacterial products generally cost about the same as their conventional counterparts, though prices can sometimes vary widely.
		Another potential fear -- which the FDA said was "controversial" -- was that using too many antibacterial products may prevent people from being exposed to routine bacteria, weakening the development of their immune systems and leading to asthma and allergies.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05291/590584.stm (708 words)

	US EPA, Learn About Chemicals Around Your House, Antibacterial Cleaner
		Antibacterial cleaners usually contain water, a fragrance, a surfactant, and a pesticide.
		In antibacterial cleaners the pesticides are commonly quaternary ammonium or phenolic chemicals.
		Antibacterial cleaners are very irritating to your eyes and skin and will burn your throat.
	epa.gov /kidshometour/products/disinf2.htm (315 words)

	Doctor's Group Questions Antibacterial Soaps
		CHICAGO -- Antibacterial soaps may be no more effective against germs than common soap, and could contribute to the threat posed by drug-resistant bacterial strains, the leading U.S. doctor's group said this week.
		In a statement, the trade group said the public should not be deterred from using antibacterial products, which can "kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause skin infections, intestinal illnesses or other commonly transmitted diseases.
		This is a major problem leading to the development of more severe diseases, and in some cases death, when in the past the problem might have been easy to cure.
	www.anapsid.org /drkoop.html (436 words)

	Science Netlinks: Science Updates
		This antibacterial compound can kill germs and keep people from getting sick, but Triclosan may also have a bad side: it could harm the environment.
		Well, what we found is that Triclosan, which is an antibacterial, when you put it in natural water and shine sunlight on it, it converts into a dioxin.
		Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern, by Tufts University's Stuart Levy, is a paper presented at the Centers for Disease Control's 2000 Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference in Atlanta.
	www.sciencenetlinks.com /sci_update.cfm?DocID=178 (670 words)

	Antibacterial soap products and information
		Antibacterial soaps are formulated to stop the spread of bacteria and viruses by adding broad spectrum antimicrobial agents such as chloroxylenol (PCMX) and triclosan.
		When washing hands with antibacterial soaps, the soap should remain on the skin for at least 2-3 minutes so that the soap has a chance to kill bacteria.
		Antibacterial cleanser with Chloroxylenol (.5% PCMX) is ideal for use in public areas.
	www.monsterjanitorial.com /antibacterialsoap.htm (346 words)

	CDC - Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern
		Antibacterial products were developed and have been successfully used to prevent transmission of disease-causing microorganisms among patients, particularly in hospitals.
		Through mutation, some of their progeny emerge with resistance to the antibacterial agent aimed at it, and possibly to other antimicrobial agents as well (4).
		Unfortunately, the antibacterial indulgence is coincident with the trend toward shorter hospital stays.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no3_supp/levy.htm (2771 words)

	Beliefs about appropriate antibacterial therapy, California Emerging Infectious Diseases - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Antibacterial drug-resistant bacteria pose a substantial challenge to public health.
		Inappropriate use of antibacterial drugs, such as using them to treat viral respiratory infections, accelerates the emergence of resistant organisms (1,2).
		We surveyed a population-based sample of California women to identify the magnitude of and characteristics independently associated with the misconception that a cold or flu should usually be treated with an antibacterial drug in 2000 and 2003.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_7_11/ai_n14787811 (756 words)

	Competitive Enterprise Institute
		The active ingredient in the antibacterial products was triclosan (search), which has been found to be effective in reducing and controlling bacterial contamination when used properly.
		While the researchers also reported that they found no evidence indicating triclosan-containing antibacterial products work better than soap and water, the key point here is that there’s no evidence that triclosan is contributing to the development of “supergerms” that would be resistant to antibiotics.
		Since it also reports that antibacterial products for the home are no better than plain soap-and-water, the study may have inadvertently dashed his own company’s commercial hopes by questioning the need for home-use antibacterial products in the first place.
	www.cei.org /gencon/019,04851.cfm (573 words)

	www.eco-labels.org \| Label Information
		Different antibacterial agents could be used that have varying levels of safety and effectiveness against variable numbers or types of microbes.
		Technically, antibacterials (similar to antibiotics) are considered by EPA and FDA to be a subset of antimicrobials, although EPA states that in the US consumer marketplace, “antimicrobial” has typically been associated with the protection of articles (e.g., tents) and “antibacterial” has been more frequently associated with products designed to control human disease-causing microorganisms.
		No, since different antibacterial agents in household cleaners could be used that have varying levels of safety and effectiveness against variable numbers or types of microbes.
	eco-labels.org /label.cfm?LabelID=241&searchType=Label&searchValue=anti&refpage=labelSearch&refqstr=label=anti&mode=view (1594 words)

	Antibacterial Soap
		Even so, many health experts fear mania for antibacterial cleanliness not only is futile but may be contributing to a new breed of chemically-resistant super bugs.
		Indeed, for the antibacterial properties to work, soap would have to stay in contact with the skin for a very long time --- much longer than most people would tolerate, she said.
		Even in cases where sicknesses were traced back to bacteria, the antibacterial soap didn’t provide any added measure of protection, the study revealed.
	www.aces.edu /dept/extcomm/newspaper/march25a04.html (704 words)

	Antibacterial Cleaners Don't Reduce Infection
		Antibacterial products are made to kill bacteria that commonly cause many different types of infectious illnesses.
		But the study did not look at whether the use of antibacterial products reduced the symptoms of bacterial infections alone in the home or whether these products offered any usefulness in homes where a family member was immunosuppressed.
		For example, the antibacterial ingredients may not affect the infectious agents responsible for the symptoms studied, or the products may not have been used properly.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/82/97533.htm?z=1728_00000_1000_nb_02 (755 words)

	Antibacterial Soaps May Be a Mistake
		Buyer beware: before you purchase antibacterial soap, you should know your soap may do more harm than good, says Peggy Edwards, chair of the department of clinical laboratory science at Saint Louis University’s Doisy School of Allied Heath Professions.
		When bacteria are exposed to low and infrequent dosages of antibacterial ingredients, they are more likely to form a resistance to the antibiotics, including the therapeutic antibiotics used in clinical settings to prevent the spread of infections and treat pathogenic bacterial infections, Edwards said.
		It is important to note that the use of antibacterial wash products still has an important role in preventing nosocomial infections, which are infections that originate in hospitals.
	www.chiff.com /a/germs-soap.htm (573 words)

	Five Reasons to Avoid Antibacterial Soaps -- ThirdAge
		Antibacterial products go somewhere after we wash them down the drain.
		Antibacterial soaps give us a false sense of security.
		Because alcohol is flammable, it might not be appropriate for unsupervised use by young children.
	www.thirdage.com /news/articles/ALT02/04/04/13/ALT02040413-02.html (495 words)

	Is antibacterial soap harmful?
		Antibacterial ingredients have become so prevalent in the United States that there are now antibacterial soaps, laundry detergents, shampoos, toothpastes, body washes, dish soaps and many household cleaning products.
		Any way, antibacterial soap is great to use on new cuts, new piercings, hands that have just been exposed to raw meat, urine, fecal matter, ect.
		Antibacterial soap is not harmful to a child, but there are reasons not to use it routinely.
	www.answerbag.com /q_view/4597 (2563 words)

	Common Sense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is what happens when you wash your hands with soap: the scrubbing action helps to release dirt and oils that are on the surface of your skin, and soap picks up the dirt and carries it away as you rinse your hands.
		And laboratory research has shown that antibacterial dishwashing liquid that is sold for it's supposed ability to reduce or kill bacteria does not work as designed, and is no more effective than regular dishwashing liquid.
		Overall, there is some evidence that the use of antibacterial soaps, such as those that contain triclosan, might be warranted in health care situations where extra protection against bacteria is needed.
	www.wisc.edu /foodsafety/consumer/fact_sheets/common_sense.htm (809 words)

	[No title]
		Promoters of the soaps say that studies have shown antibacterial soaps cause no increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, although the studies quoted did say that long-term use of the products could be problematic and should be studied.
		Now, antibacterial soaps are used in households across the country where they amount to a $16 billion-a-year industry.
		But studies have shown that people who use antibacterial soaps and cleansers develop cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms just as often as people who use products that do not contain antibacterial ingredients.
	www.mercola.com /track.aspx?returnUrl=/2005/nov/1/the_fda_finally_reviews_the_safety_of_antibacterial_soaps.htm (738 words)

	Antibacterial Soaps & Sanitizers from Kimberly-Clark Professional
		Antibacterial soaps and sanitizers from Kimberly-Clark Professional help to protect hands from germs and infectious diseases.
		Antibacterial soaps are used throughout the healthcare industry.
		Please contact us to learn more about antibacterial soaps, hospital hand sanitizers, WetTask® wipers and other quality products we offer that meet FDA requirements for health care personnel handwash protocol.
	www.kcprofessional.com /us/antibacterial-soaps.htm (417 words)

	Antibacterial Soap a Wash
		But most "antibacterial" hand soap kills germs no better than regular soap, according to an NIH study.
		Many health experts are concerned that the ubiquitous use of triclosan, the antibacterial agent most commonly found in such soaps, could add to that problem.
		While there is no proof that antibacterial soaps can lead to resistance, "if there's even a theoretical risk of that, why use it," says Larson.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/52/50391.htm (258 words)

	The Dirt on Antibacterial Soaps
		In the past few years, research says that antibacterial agents contained in soaps actually may kill off normal bacteria, creating an environment for resistant, mutated bacteria that are impervious to antibacterials, including antibiotics.
		However, Levy and Perencevich say antibacterials have caught on from hospitals to households and it is the magnitude of use that is cause for concern.
		Antibacterial soaps may be used but are not required.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/hl/sp/home/alert09192000.jsp (823 words)

	[No title]
		It used to be that antibacterial soaps were used mainly in clinical health care environments.
		In the study, published in the March 2, 2004 journal Annals of Internal Medicine, people who used antibacterial soaps and cleansers developed cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms just as often as people who used products that did not contain antibacterial ingredients.
		Children who are not exposed to common bacteria, which are wiped out by antibacterial soap, may be more prone to allergies and asthma.
	www.mercola.com /2004/mar/20/antibacterial_soaps.htm (669 words)

	Howstuffworks "Is antibacterial soap any better than regular soap?"
		The antibacterial components of soaps (usually triclosan or, less commonly, triclocarbon) need to be left on a surface for about two minutes in order to work.
		Most people are not this patient, and end up washing off the soap before the antibacterial ingredients can do their job.
		According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), antibacterial soaps are not necessary, but washing your hands thoroughly with ordinary soap and warm water is one of the most effective ways to ward off infection.
	home.howstuffworks.com /question692.htm (380 words)

	Antibacterial Products May Worsen Problem of Resistant Bacteria
		Here's the problem: the use of popular antibacterial products such as soaps and body washes introduces an antibacterial compound called triclosan into the environment.
		Triclosan interacts with bacteria -- and, as is their nature, the bacteria develop resistance to the compound.
		Rock also points out that there is little or no evidence that the inclusion of triclosan in most antibacterial products offers any additional protection against bacteria.
	www.kidsource.com /kidsource/content5/antibacterial.problem.html (598 words)

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