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Topic: Anticipatory democracy

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Participatory democracy

Democracy (varieties)

Deliberative democracy

Consensus democracy

Direct Access Democracy

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	Anticipatory democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anticipatory democracy is a theory of civics relying on democratic decision making that takes into account predictions of future events that have some credibility with the electorate.
		Bioregional democracy can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates (using a similar scientific process) the ecological health outcomes of any given action.
		Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of participatory democracy with different thresholds of ease of participation, burden of proof, concern for non-human life or future generations, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferences or ideals of truth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anticipatory_democracy (369 words)

	Anticipatory democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anticipatory democracy is a theory of civics relying on democratic decision making that takes into account predictionsof future events that have some credibility with the electorate.
		Bioregional democracy can be considered to be avariant of anticipatory democracy in that it is the ecologicalhealth outcomes of any given action that are anticipated using a similar scientific process.
		Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of participatory democracy with different thresholds of ease ofparticipation, burden of proof, concern for non-human life or futuregenerations, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferences or ideals of truth.Sometimes a deliberative model is described as more "left" andan anticipatory model as more "right".
	www.therfcc.org /anticipatory-democracy-11447.html (359 words)

	Democracy (varieties) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Some modern political entities are closest to direct democracies, such as Switzerland or some U.S. states, where frequent use is made of referenda, and means are provided for referenda to be initiated by petition instead of by members of the legislature or the government.
		One critique of indirect democracy is that it centralizes power into the hands of a few, thereby increasing the likelihood of corruption in and by the government.
		Anticipatory democracy which relies on some degree of disciplined and usually market-informed anticipation of the future, to guide major decisions.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Democracy_(varieties) (1250 words)

	Consensus democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the US consensus democracy is used in contrast to indirect democracy, deliberative democracy and grassroots democracy: The term deliberative democracy is also often used to emphasize opportunities for deeper debate on issues of bodily importance to the community (bodies being the concern of politics as such).
		The term grassroots democracy is somewhat looser and is often used to imply a broad range of consensus-promoting measures, short of a full consensus democracy.
		In general, the term 'consensus democracy' is usually associated with the political 'left' while the term 'semi-direct democracy' is usually associated with the political 'right'.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Consensus_democracy (874 words)

	Learn more about Democracy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The traditional, and to many still compelling, objection to democracy as a form of government, and to direct democracy in particular, is that it is open to demagoguery.
		One important issue in a democracy is the limitations on rights to candidate and on suffrage or franchise - that is the decision as to who ought to be entitled to vote.
		There is another definition of democracy, particularly in constitutional theory and in historical usages and especially when considering the works of Aristotle or the American "Founding Fathers." According to this definition, the word "democracy" refers solely to direct democracy, whilst a representative democracy is referred to as a "republic".
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /d/de/democracy_1.html (2288 words)

	Anticipatory democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		World Movement for Democracy Nongovernmental effort to strengthen democracy where it is weak, to reform and invigorate democracy even where it is longstanding, and to bolster pro-democracy groups in countries that have not yet entered into a process of democratic transition.
		Direct Access Democracy Proposes a form of direct democracy in which voting is done in small groups, the results of which are binding upon elected representatives.
		The Peoples Democracy Quotes from the USA founding fathers on democratic and constitutional principles and a set of positive and plainly stated proposals to reform American political infrastructure providing better democracy and government.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Anticipatory_democracy.html (732 words)

	Participatory democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Participatory democracy is a broadly inclusive term for many kinds of consultative decision making in a democracy.
		Bioregional democracy often is, but that is not necessary to its definition.
		Grassroots democracy is an alternative term that has actually been used to imply almost any combination of the above.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Participatory_democracy (169 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Deliberative democracy requires only that the perspectives relevant to a decision be represented, rather than that the perspective-holders be represented in proportion to their numbers in the population (Mansbridge [l980] l981, l983).
		Anticipatory representation involves criteria for judging the adequacy of deliberation during the period of representation.
		The concept of anticipatory representation is a corollary to the concept of retrospective voting (as in Fiorina l981).
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /prg/mansb/faces.htm (8740 words)

	Anticipatory democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anticipatory democracy is a range of models of democratic decision making[?] that take into account predictions of future events[?] that have some credibility with the electorate.
		Deliberative democracy is an alterative that relies less on formal models and a market system for betting on future events, and more on discussion.
		Both the deliberative and anticipatory approaches are considered variants of participatory democracy with different thresholds of ease of participation, burden of proof, and reflection of participants' tolerances versus preferences or ideals of truth.
	www.eurofreehost.com /an/Anticipatory_democracy.html (294 words)

	Vote article - Vote Votes decision making meeting electorate consensus decision - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alternatives to voting include consensus decision making (which works to avoid polarisation and the marginalisation of dissent) and betting (as in an anticipatory democracy).
		In politics voting is the method by which the electorate of a democracy appoints representatives in its government.
		A vote, or a ballot, is an individual's act of voting, by which he or she express support or preference for a certain motion (e.g.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Vote (905 words)

	Anticipatory democracy - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anticipatory democracy: People in the politics of the future
		Futuristics and the exercise of anticipatory democracy in Hawaii
		Wellsprings of anticipatory democracy: An eco-systems preface to the quality of life
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /anticipatory_democracy.htm (390 words)

	Encyclopedia: Representative democracy
		Representative democracy comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein voters choose (in free, secret, multi-party elections) representatives to act in their interests, but not as their proxiesâ”i.e., not necessarily according to their voters' wishes, but with enough authority to exercise initiative in the face of changing circumstances.
		Representative democracy came into particular general favour in post-industrial revolution nation states where large numbers of subjects or (more recently) citizens evinced interest in politics, but where technology and population figures remained unsuited to direct democracy.
		Indeed, many (perhaps most) absolute monarchies were overthrown by the advocates of representative democracy, either in a revolution or through a gradual process of reform that saw the monarch lose most of his/her powers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Representative-democracy (2021 words)

	"Electronic Democracy" by Scott London
		It does not involve "towns" or communities (some critics have called it "couch-potato democracy" since people participate from home), nor is it a "meeting," in the true sense of the word, since there is no dialogue involved on the part of citizens, only a push-button response to pre-selected public policy options.
		What strong democracy requires is a form of town meeting in which participation is direct yet communication is regional or even national....
		Direct democracy may not be feasible in a nation like the United States (except in determining state and community issues, which is now done in more than half of the nation's states), but strictly advisory electronic referenda can be profoundly useful, as these European examples illustrate.
	www.scottlondon.com /reports/ed.html (9642 words)

	Innovations in Democracy
		Anticipatory democracy is the public's active, conscious engagement in collectively shaping the future of their community, state or nation.
		Plan for a Healthy Democracy is a project to synergistically combine two randomly-selected citizen deliberative bodies -- one, a Citizens Panel of 12-24 citizens, the other a "Televote" audience of 600 -- to pass informed public judgement on an issue, a ballot initiative, a slate of candidates, or the performance of elected officials.
		Transborder participatory democracy is (a) worldwide democracy practiced by the people of the world and (b) the right of the people to participate in any decisions that affect them, regardless of where those decisions are made.
	www.democracyinnovations.org (5399 words)

	Anticipatory democracy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anticipatory democracy is a theory of (The social science of municipal affairs) civics relying on democratic (The cognitive process of reaching a decision) decision making that takes into account (Click link for more info and facts about predictions of future events) predictions of future events that have some credibility with the electorate.
		It closely resembles the civic ideal of (A form of government in which scientists and technical experts are in control) technocracy.
		(Click link for more info and facts about Bioregional democracy) Bioregional democracy can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates (using a similar scientific process) the (Click link for more info and facts about ecological health) ecological health outcomes of any given action.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/anticipatory_democracy.htm (503 words)

	Civics - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Of special concern are the choice of a form of government and (if this is any form of democracy) the design of an electoral system and ongoing electoral reform.
		bioregional democracy - a deliberative democracy regulated by a caste of highly-qualified scientific advisors (both ecologists and ethicists) who can use scientific method to challenge or veto major ecological decisions, means of measuring well-being or selecting criteria for moral purchasing by the entire bioregional state
		representative democracy - a political class of elected representatives is trusted to carry out duties for the electors - these may be responsible to any group in society, or none, once elected, e.g.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Civics (1127 words)

	6-Democracies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anticipatory democracy uses some degree of disciplined or market-informed (e.g., scientific or market researched) anticipation of the future to guide major decisions made by elected and appointed officials.
		Grassroots democracy emphasizing trust in small decentralized units at the municipal government level, possibly using urban secession to establish the formal legal authority to make the decisions that are produced at this local level into binding ones.
		The ongoing problems created by wealth-driven representative democracy have not been solved by new candidates, new parties, new laws on campaign finance reform, or new means for law enforcement; because they are all components (and typically benefactors) of the same problem, produced at the same level of thinking.
	www.civilocracy.org /page8.html (5722 words)

	The Politics Resource Center: Democrats in Drag - Third Way Fall From Grace
		Fellow anticipatory democracy advocate Richard Flacks explains: "Where Negro representation exists, it operates in behalf of Negro middle-class interests and is highly dependent on the beneficence of white-dominated political machines." (8)
		Moving toward a more direct democracy is a key element when it comes to minority power because more direct forms of democracy ever have been and ever will be the preferred tool of choice of most all revolutionaries.
		Howard Zinn, another fellow anticipatory democracy laborer, agrees, but takes it a step further, when he confirms that this flexible, futuristic approach to control is really what Marxist/Leninism is all about.
	radicalacademy.com /studentrefpolitics22sf5.htm (3191 words)

	[No title]
		The concept of democracy might serve as a vehicle to express a strategic vision.
		This led to various abuses and the concept of participatory democracy in which human individual rights are guaranteed is currently in vogue.
		As a prerequisite to address the global change it is necessary to build institutions on all levels-from local and urban to national, regional and global with the mandate to be concerned with long-term evolution and to have means to reflect this perspective in policy making within a democratic process.
	www.clubofrome.org /docs/mesarovic_vienna_ac1999.doc (598 words)

	Anticipatory Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		is truly and completely abolished, the worldâs largest democracy cannot hope to...
		Her statement echoed a previous euphonious phrase, "anticipatory self-defense...
		However, their trans-historic anticipatory daydreams are reflected and...
	anticipatory-democracy.wikiverse.org (458 words)

	4.07: Anticipatory Democracy
		What we have now is a form of democracy that is mass democracy, which is the political expression of mass production, mass distribution, mass consumption, mass education, mass media, mass entertainment, and all the rest.
		So we believe that there are very deep difficulties for mass democracy in the era of diversity, which is being propelled by the computer revolution.
		First, if you believe in democracy, one of the principles of democracy is that you should have some say in the decisions being made that infiuence your life.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/4.07/netizen_pr.html (2818 words)

	Anticipatory Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is usually applied to instances where future-visioning processes or telecommunications technologies are being used to support or shape public engagement.
		Many such experiments in anticipatory democracy have been documented by Alvin Toffler in The Third Wave (1980), David Loye in The Healing of a Nation (1971), Thomas E. Cronin in Direct Democracy (1989), Clement Bezold in Anticipatory Democracy (1978), Christa Daryl Slaton in Televote (1992), and my own Creating Alternative Futures (1978)....
		Bezold, in his Anticipatory Democracy (1978) defined it as "an approach to problem solving that combines future consciousness with broad-based public participation..."
	www.co-intelligence.org /CIPol_AnticipDemoc.html (369 words)

	OpenPolitics.ca : participatory democracy
		Participatory methods are also used in workplace democracy.
		The term grassroots democracy is sometimes employed to mean a specifically local decision making?
		Participatory democracy usually functions on the opt-in principle.
	openpolitics.ca /tiki-index.php?page=participatory+democracy (455 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Voting is a method of decision making wherein a group such as a meeting or an electorate attempts to gauge its opinion -- usually as a final step following discussions or debates.
		Many authoritarian governments have "elections" but the candidates are pre-chosen and approved by elites, there is no competition, voter qualifications are restrictive, and voting is often a sham.
		In some democracies, such as Australia, voting in a national election is not optional, but mandatory, on penalty of a significant fine.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Vote (952 words)

	Anticipatory Democracy Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Looking For anticipatory democracy - Find anticipatory democracy and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Anticipatory_democracy (147 words)

	The Nature of Contemporary Democracy
		What might be construed as an unjustified breach of contract might, in fact, be a fully-justified anticipatory breach – anticipatory because one party to the contract has come forward to declare that he is financially unable to fulfill his obligations.
		Hayek argues that there is nothing in principle wrong with democracy.
		It is the very nature of contemporary, spoils-based democracy, unlimited by the rule of law.
	www.lewrockwell.com /dieteman/dieteman77.html (798 words)

	Archive \| July 9, 2001 \| Gingrich, Toffler, and Gore: A peculiar trio
		I was then a young assistant professor at West Georgia State College, and I was fascinated with the intersection of history and the future which is the essence of politics and government at its best.
		The book throughout extolled the virtues of "participatory democracy," a revolutionary slogan dear to the likes of Tom Hayden, Derek Shearer, and Bill Clinton, and one drawn directly from the eighth plank of the "Humanist Manifesto II (1973)." (9)
		By 1984, Jasper continues, Gingrich's influence in the third way movement was so far to the left that it brought on kudos from the likes of New Age "philosopher" Mark Satin.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/0701thirdwayp3.htm (1453 words)

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