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Topic: Antihypertensives

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	Pharmacology
		The antihypertensive drug most likely to be the cause of his new complaints is: 1.
		One of the mechanisms for 'resistance" to an antihypertensive drug regimen is a retention of salt and water and an increase in extracellular fluid volume.
		An agent which produces its antihypertensive effect by blocking autonomic ganglia, thus lowering the sympathetic tone of blood vessels, is: 1.
	research.med.umkc.edu /pharm/tests/Antihypert.html (2161 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Antihypertensive
		Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used in medicine and pharmacology to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).
		Despite lowering blood pressure, alpha blockers have significantly poorer endpoint outcomes than other antihypertensives, and are no longer recommended as a first-line choice in the treatment of hypertension.
		Most drugs have other uses; sometimes the presence of other symptoms can warrant the use of one particular antihypertensive (such as beta blockers in case of tremor and nervousness, and alpha blockers in case of benign prostatic hyperplasia).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Antihypertensive (769 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Low adherence with antihypertensives in actual practice: the association with social ...
		The effectiveness [1,2] and efficiency [3] of antihypertensives may be questioned, as adherence with antihypertensives may be as low as 50% [1,4].
		We found a variance between the municipalities in both low adherence with antihypertensives during the last two weeks (intercept variance) and in the association between low social participation and low adherence with antihypertensives during the last two weeks (slope variance) (Table 2 and Figure 1).
		The association between low social participation and low adherence with antihypertensives during the last two weeks (slope) was weaker in municipalities with higher prevalence than in municipalities with lower prevalence of low adherence with antihypertensives during the last two weeks (i.e., cross-level interaction).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2458/5/17 (3445 words)

	Antihypertensives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Antihypertensives are drugs used to treat elevated blood pressure ("hypertension").
		Antihypertensives have in common that they can overcompensate for high blood pressure, leading to dangerously low blood pressure.
		Generic equivalents are available for many widely-prescribed antihypertensive drugs, such as the beta blockers metoprolol and tenolol (brand names Lopressorâ and Tenorminâ, respectively) and the ACE inhibitor quinapril (Accuprilâ).
	tjsamson.client.web-health.com /web-health/topics/GeneralHealth/generalhealthsub/generalhealth/cardiovascular/antihypertensives.html (596 words)

	Drug interactions that matter (5) antihypertensives
		Many drugs can affect the actions of antihypertensives and vice versa and, given the large number of prescriptions written each year for these drugs, it is important for pharmacists to be aware of the more common and significant interactions that may be met in clinical practice
		Conversely, it is often the case that patients are deliberately prescribed another antihypertensive agent in order to lower their blood pressure to an acceptable level.
		Where antagonism of the antihypertensive effect occurs, it follows that the preventative action of the antihypertensive agent against stroke, cardiovascular and renal disease will be reduced.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/19990417/education/antihypertensives.html (2897 words)

	ESH: Long-Term Compliance to Losartan Superior To Other Antihypertensives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although many first-line antihypertensives are highly effective at controlling blood pressure, patients are often noncompliant due to a number of factors, such as side effects, dosing regimens, cost, and other factors.
		Studies have shown that patient compliance with the newer antihypertensive agents, such as antiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and the angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIAs), is better than with beta-blockers and diuretics, possibly due to improved tolerability.
		At 48 months, more than half of the patients initially treated with the AIIA, losartan, were receiving their initial antihypertensive class (50.9 percent), compared to ACE inhibitors (46.5 percent), CCBs (40.7 percent), beta-blockers (34.7 percent), and diuretics (16.4 percent).
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/1FEA0E.htm (533 words)

	Antihypertensives for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - [Medication]
		These medications are usually used to reduce high blood pressure, but they are often combined with stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
		Research has shown that when clonidine is used with a stimulant medication, it reduces aggressive and disruptive behavior.
		These antihypertensives seem to improve symptoms in some people with ADHD, especially those with symptoms of frustration, extreme hyperactivity, and aggressiveness.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/drug/hw164961/detail.htm (366 words)

	Stroke: antihypertensives decrease recurrent stroke.
		Patients who have had a previous stroke or TIA and are given antihypertensive therapy are less likely to have a recurrent stroke, than those given placebo (NNT = 40 at unknown).
		Patients given antihypertensives are less likely to have a major cardiovascular event (NNT = 45 at unknown).
		Patients given antihypertensives are less likely to have a fatal stroke (NNT = 107 at unknown).
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/1032.html (186 words)

	Antihypertensives
		The antihypertensive market accounted for almost $30 billion in the seven major markets in 2003 and this value is set to rise as prevalence increases.
		The antihypertensive market has seen continuing growth driven by increasing global prevalence and more aggressive treatment allow it to grow to a 30 billion dollar market in 2003, these trends are set to continue but as governments seek to reduce healthcare spending antihypertensives will come under scrutiny as a source of savings.
		Patent expiries of major brands will be the leading events shaping the future of the antihypertensives market in the period until 2014, the global market leader, Norvasc, and the fastest growing class, ARBs, will both face genericization during this period, driving down costs and encouraging switching from older classes.
	www.piribo.com /publications/diseases_conditions/antihypertensives.html (668 words)

	Antihypertensives prevent headaches
		Antihypertensive drugs prevent headaches, a meta-analysis of trials indicates.
		The across-the-board effect in four classes of the drugs suggests that this may be due to a reduction in blood pressure (BP), say the researchers, although, they note that observational studies did not point to high BP as a cause of headaches.
		Antihypertensive treatment lowered BP by an average of 9.4 mmHg systolic and 5.5 mmHg diastolic, and people receiving therapy were a third less likely to report headaches than those using placebo (8.0% vs 12.4%, odds ratio [OR]=0.67, p<0.001).
	www.incirculation.net /NewsItem/Antihypertensives-prevent-headaches.aspx?usechannel= (386 words)

	Noncompliance with antihypertensives [June 2003; 112-4]
		A new US study from Harvard [1] suggests that, for antihypertensive medicines, there is little concordance between step 1 and steps 2 and 4.
		Records for patients with a diagnosis of hypertension during 1996 and who were in the system for a full year after the first antihypertensive medication prescription were collected, and a random sample asked to participate.
		Of the 500 of about 1,000 patients who were willing to participate, 200 patients taking a single antihypertensive agent were selected.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band112/b112-4.html (505 words)

	The South African Medicines Formulary: ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
		The centrally acting antihypertensive agents still used in clinical practice are mainly methyldopa and reserpine.
		Pharmacokinetics: Onset of antihypertensive action is slow (several days to 3 weeks), peak effect being reached in 3-6 weeks and action lasting for 1-6 weeks after withdrawal.
		They are considered effective and safe for the early treatment of hypertension; their antihypertensive effect is enhanced by a low salt diet.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/mmi/jmoodie/c02html.html (5666 words)

	Antihypertensives - Page 1
		Several classes of antihypertensive medications are available to treat high blood pressure.
		This wide variety of antihypertensives and combinations of different medications may lengthen the time it takes to find the ideal treatment for each patient.
		People with high blood pressure are urged to be patient as the type and level of their medication are adjusted for optimal results.
	heart.health.ivillage.com /bloodpressure/antihypertensives.cfm (372 words)

	A Medicine On-Line Survey - Antihypertensives
		We are keen to know what the most popular prescribed antihypertensives are with practising physicians and other prescribers.
		This survey is designed to audit prescribing habits for antihypertensives and the results will be published in a paper in the next few months.
		Please select the generic name of the antihypertensive that you would use initially in a middle aged and otherwise physically fit person with essential hypertension
	www.priory.com /survhype.htm (126 words)

	UroToday - Antihypertensives Differ in Effects on Female Libido
		NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The day may come when physicians decide on which antihypertensive drug to prescribe for women based on the agent's effects on sexual function, if the findings of a study conducted in Italy are confirmed.
		Drug-induced sexual dysfunction is recognized in men, Dr. Roberto Fogari and colleagues note in their report in the American Journal of Hypertension for January.
		Some types of antihypertensives are worse than others: diuretics, alpha-agonists and beta-blockers appear to affect sexual function more than calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors.
	www.urotoday.com /browse_categories/female_sexual_dysfunction/antihypertensives_differ_in_effects_on_female_libido.html (422 words)

	N-[N.sup..alpha. -(1(S)-carboxy-3-cyclohexylpropyl)-L-lysyl]-N-cyclopentylglycine as antihypertensives - Patent 4897379
		The compounds according to this invention have effective and considerably durable antihypertensive actions for various hypertensive model animals (hypertension spontaneous-suffered rats, normal rats attached by angiotensin I, high resin rats and the like), so that those compounds are useful as medicines to be used for the abovementioned purposes.
		The compound of the present invention may be used together with other diuretics or antihypertensives.
		As antihypertensives, there is used beta-blocker such as propranolol, thymolol, methyldopa and the like.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4897379.html (2148 words)

	Antihypertensives Safe for ICH Patients; Efficacy Still Uncertain
		Moderate reductions in arterial pressure do not lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with small- to medium-sized intracranial hemorrhages (ICH), according to a new study by Michael N. Diringer, MD, and colleagues.[1] Whether it improves outcome in these patients, though, remains to be investigated.
		But, he indicated, “The whole fear of ischemia [in ICH] is ill-founded,” because most ICH researchers have looked only at blood flow, not at actual biochemical evidence of ischemia.
		In animal models, increases in blood pressure may exacerbate cerebral edema, but this has not been shown in humans, and the role of edema in early damage is questioned.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /sep01/pr_sep01_antihyper.html (925 words)

	News - Patient Perceptions Vital In Continuing Antihypertensives
		The way the risks and benefits of antihypertensives are presented to patients by doctors can affect how the patients take the medications.
		Many said that the drugs are best avoided because they are unnatural or unsafe, their use signifies ill health, doctors prescribe them too readily, and because of previous experience from taking drugs.
		As for their antihypertensive therapy, the patients said they would like to discontinue their use, would like an alternative to drugs, and they questioned the continued necessity of continuing to take antihypertensives because of possible long-term or hidden risks.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256C580045661D (398 words)

	ALZET® Bibliography -Administration of Antihypertensives
		404-405); cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; Ang II infused at both a pressor and subpressor dose; Hydralazine is a peripheral vasodilator and was infused either alone or in conjunction with ANG II to lower or normalize blood pressure..
		P5564 Huang,B.S., Leenen,F.H. Both brain angiotensin II and "ouabain" contribute to sympathoexcitation and hypertension in Dahl S rats on high salt intake.
		>>> PD123319; rat; ; antihypertensive; PD 123319 is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
	www.alzet.com /bibliography/HYPE/index.php (12490 words)

	DG DISPATCH - ASH: Viagra Safe in Combination With Antihypertensives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		NEW YORK, NY -- May 23, 2000 -- Viagra is well tolerated in men requiring treatment for their erectile dysfunction and antihypertensive treatment.
		The study investigated the antihypertensive drugs according to category.
		Data was gathered on 1,137 patients with erectile dysfunction who took Viagra at the same time as their antihypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors, alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and diuretics).
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/1D329E.htm (241 words)

	News - Two Antihypertensives Can Achieve Desired Effect In Most Patients
		Most people with hypertension could achieve blood pressures less than 140/90 mm Hg with current antihypertensives, although two medications may be necessary.
		The researchers, from the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, United States, examined outcomes in the 33,357 participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).
		Ninety percent of the patients were taking antihypertensives at the start of the study, which were discontinued.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256C8600222ADE?OpenDocument&id=48D08DBFA6B75F89852568AA006ADF53&c=&count=10 (432 words)

	NetPharmacology: Antihypertensives Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Thiazide diuretics are available as fixed-dose combinations with potassium-sparing or other antihypertensive drugs.
		Often used in combination with antihypertensive agents that impair vascular responsiveness (i.e., vasodilators) since blood pressure can become very sensitive to blood volume in the presence of these agents.
		If taken before pregnancy, most antihypertensives can be continued except ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers.
	lysine.pharm.utah.edu /netpharm/netpharm_00/notes/antihypertensives.html (1838 words)

	ACE Inhibitors and ARBs vs. Other Antihypertensives for Renoprotection - Journal Watch (General)
		Do different classes of antihypertensives have specific protective effects, or do all of them improve outcomes primarily by reducing blood pressure?
		antihypertensive agents or placebo for prevention of renal disease.
		Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
	general-medicine.jwatch.org /cgi/content/full/2006/127/1 (278 words)

	Sildenafil Well-Tolerated in Men on Multiple Antihypertensives - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		The study, which was sponsored by Pfizer and published in the American Journal of Hypertension, included 568 men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who were taking two or more antihypertensive medications, including diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.
		Overall, adverse events were transient and mild to moderate in severity.
		"This is the first large prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of sildenafil in men with ED and hypertension who were taking multiple classes of antihypertensives," the study authors wrote.
	www.medpagetoday.com /tbindex.cfm?tbid=315&thePhoto=Today's (785 words)

	Continue Or Stop post Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study (COSSACS)
		Up to 40% of acute stroke patients on hospital admission are already taking antihypertensive therapy, and most will develop elevated blood pressure levels as an acute complication of the stroke.
		However, no guidelines exist as to whether antihypertensive therapy should be continued or discontinued following acute stroke.
		The Health Foundation-supported Continue Or Stop post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study (COSSACS) is a United Kingdom based multi-centre, prospective, randomised, open, blinded-endpoint study to assess whether existing antihypertensive therapy should be continued or discontinued within 48 hours of stroke onset and for the subsequent two weeks.
	www.le.ac.uk /COSSACS/COSSACShome.html (193 words)

	Patients' views about taking antihypertensive drugs: questionnaire study -- Benson and Britten 326 (7402): 1314 -- BMJ
		Number (percentage) of respondents (n=452) who responded to and agreed with statements about their antihypertensives on questionnaire
		reasons to take antihypertensives that make sense to them personally.
		Benson J, Britten N. Patients' decisions about whether or not to take antihypertensive drugs: qualitative study.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/326/7402/1314 (876 words)

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