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	The Antikythera Mechanism - Learn about the oldest analog computer
		The Antikythera Mechanism is one of the first pieces of evidence to show that many people actually believed that all planets rotated around the sun, disproving the previous thoughts of thinkers like Aristotle.
		When the Antikythera Mechanism was originally found, its wooden casing dried from the ocean water and cracked, leaving it in four separate parts, and exposing the more detailed innards to many stunned people.
		The complexity of the gears found within the Antikythera Mechanism baffled scientists, since this type of “technology” was not though to have been in existence until around 1575.
	www.antikytheramechanism.org (730 words)

	Rob S. Rice USNA Eleventh Naval History Symposium Paper for Collected Volume
		In the case of the Antikythera fragments, the four large pieces and a box of much smaller fragments were momentarily overshadowed by the staggering other results of the first directed retrieval of archaeological evidence from the sea.
		The Antikythera mechanism was an arrangement of calibrated differential gears inscribed and configured to produce solar and lunar positions in synchronization with the calendar year.
		In the light of the ancient literary evidence and the physical existence of the Antikythera mechanism, it is necessary for scholars of the period to discard the idea that Rhodes and her economy were ruined by the Roman actions concerning Delos.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /rrice/usna_pap.html (3287 words)

	Antikythera mechanism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient artifact believed to be an early (Any mechanism of geared wheels that is driven by a coiled spring; resembles the works of a mechanical clock) clockwork mechanism.
		The wreck was discovered in 1900 at a depth of about 40 m (140 feet), and many statues and other works were retrieved from it by sponge divers.
		The Antikythera mechanism, not described in any surviving source, shows that our knowledge of ancient technology is very incomplete.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/antikythera_mechanism.htm (815 words)

	What is the Antikythera Mechanism?
		The antikythera mechanism is currently housed in the Greek National Archaeological Museum in Athens and is thought to be one of the most complicated antiques in existence.
		At the beginning of the 20th century, divers off the island of Antikythera came across this clocklike mechanism, which is thought to be at least 2,000 years old, in the wreckage of a cargo ship.
		Known as the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project, it is a collaboration between Cardiff University, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, X-Tek Systems, UK, and Hewlett-Packard, USA.
	www.antikythera-mechanism.com (524 words)

	Encyclopedia: Antikythera mechanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Antikythera (Αντικύθηρα) is a Greek island with a land mass of 20 square kilometers, 38 kilometers south-east of Kythira.
		The Antikythera mechanism, not described in any surviving source, shows that our knowledge of ancient technology is incomplete.
		Rice, Rob S., "The Antikythera Mechanism: Physical and Intellectual Salvage from the 1st Century B.C.".
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Antikythera-mechanism (2179 words)

	World Mysteries - Strange Artifacts - Antikythera Mechanism
		The Antikythera mechanism must therefore be an arithmetical counterpart of the much more familiar geometrical models of the solar system which were known to Plato and Archimedes and evolved into the orrery and the planetarium.
		The Antikythera mechanism, as it is now known, was originally housed in a wooden box about the size of a shoebox, with dials on the outside and a complex assembly of bronze gear wheels within.
		Mr Wright found evidence that the Antikythera mechanism would have been able to reproduce the motions of the sun and moon accurately, using an epicyclic model devised by Hipparchus, and of the planets Mercury and Venus, using an epicyclic model derived by Apollonius of Perga.
	www.world-mysteries.com /sar_4.htm (4752 words)

	News on the Antikythera Mechanism
		This model alludes to the fact that the antikythera mechanism was actually an orrery, a device mentioned in ancient literature that showed the positions of the heavenly bodies using a large clockwork mechanism.
		The antikythera mechanism is currently being studied by scientists from Cardiff University, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, X-Tek Systems UK, and Hewlett-Packard as part of the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
		The antikythera mechanism and a reconstruction currently reside at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
	www.antikythera-mechanism.com /news-on-the-antikythera-mechanism.html (568 words)

	Laputan Logic - The clockwork computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Antikythera mechanism was originally housed in a wooden box about the size of a shoebox with dials on the outside and a complex clockwork assembly of gears inscribed and configured to produce solar and lunar positions in synchronization with the calendar year.
		The differential was used to calculate the phases of the moon by subtracting the moon's motion from that of the sun's.
		The device is also thought by some to have been able to model the motion of the five planets using the epicyclical model of planetary movement around a fixed earth devised by Apollonius of Perga and Hipparchus of Rhodes (later superceded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus).
	www.laputanlogic.com /articles/2002/10/20-83388235.html (410 words)

	antikythera computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In 1901 divers working off the isle of Antikythera off the coast of Greece in the Mediterranean found the remains of a clocklike mechanism 2,000 years old.
		The Antikythera mechanism contains gears which are carried around on other gears in just this way, i.e., it contained epicyclic gears.
		Later research by de Solla Price's son suggests that the mechanism was built in Rhodes, which at the time was a centre of scientific and technological research and development.
	www.dai.ed.ac.uk /homes/cam/antikyth/antikyth.html (845 words)

	Read about Antikythera mechanism at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Antikythera mechanism and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient artifact believed to be an early
		The book has been translated and published in English in 2004 under the title "The Forgotten Revolution : How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn".
		The Antikythera Mechanism (http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rrice/usna_pap.html) : Physical and Intellectual Salvage from the 1st Century B.C. USNA Eleventh Naval History Symposium.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Antikythera_mechanism (733 words)

	HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE SHIP - LECTURE NOTES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Antikythera wreck (230) (229) was first discovered by sponge divers in 1900 and subsequently salvaged by the Greek navy with some surface direction from Greek archaeologists.
		The Antikythera wreck also featured a pattern of small copper nails on what was clearly the outside of the hull planking which were used to tack lead sheathing to the hull below the waterline.
		The features of the Antikythera wreck were to provide a pattern for later classical shipwrecks but their full significance has only recently been appreciated in relation to more carefully and professionally excavated wreck sites.
	cma.soton.ac.uk /HistShip/shlect36.htm (483 words)

	Dept. of Archeology: Fragmentary Knowledge: Reporting & Essays: The New Yorker
		Freeth was a member of the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project—a multidisciplinary investigation into some fragments of an ancient mechanical device that were found at the turn of the last century after two thousand years in the Aegean Sea, and have long been one of the great mysteries of science.
		The Antikythera Mechanism, which he had first heard about some five years earlier, had rekindled his undergraduate love of math and logic and problem-solving, and he had all but abandoned his film career in the course of investigating it.
		The archeologists, led by J. Svoronos, of the National Museum, thought that the artifact must have been “a kind of astrolabe.” A Hellenistic invention, an astrolabe was an astronomical device that was widely known in the Islamic world by the eighth century and in Europe by the early twelfth century.
	www.newyorker.com /reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_seabrook (6070 words)

	The Antikythera Computer
		The device was in the shipwreck of a commercial boat dated at the first century BC located near to cape Glyfada in Potamakia position 60m under the sea and 30m from the shore of the small island of Antikythera.
		It was the requirement of displaying the phases of the moon based on the Synodic month of about 29 ½ that necessitates a complex gear train to subtract the revolutions of the Sun from those of the Moon to produce the cycles of the synodic months.
		The Antikythera device is a unique piece that forces us to consider that out knowledge of ancient science and technology is rather limited.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Kythera.htm (1748 words)

	Spheres and Planetaria (Introduction)
		Spherical bands surrounding the flat surface represent the celestial equator, the arctic circle, a movable horizon, and the ecliptic marked with the zodiacal signs.
		The device, now called the Antikythera mechanism, was analyzed by Derek De Solla Price of Yale University, who concluded that it was an ancient planetarium in which the positions of the heavenly bodies were indicated by dials on the face of the device.
		The positions of the heavenly bodies may be indicated by individual dials, as with the Antikythera mechanism, or through the relative positions of small spheres representing the bodies, as with Archimedes' planetarium.
	www.mcs.drexel.edu /%7Ecrorres/Archimedes/Sphere/SphereIntro.html (716 words)

	antikythera1-1
		A lively sketch of De Solla Price's scientific and human personality can be found in the Foreword, by Robert K. Merton and Eugene Garfield, to one of his books.
		The Antikythera Mechanism is the name given to an astronomical calculating device, measuring about 32 by 16 by 10 cm, which was discovered in 1900 in a sunken ship just off the coast of Antikythera, an island between Crete and the Greek mainland.
		Then careful counting of teeth, and examination of the way the gears meshed, showed that "the gear ratios could be associated with well-known astronomical and calendrical parameters" (Price) and allowed the almost complete description of how the device must have functioned.
	www.math.sunysb.edu /~tony/whatsnew/column/antikytheraI-0400/kyth1.html (517 words)

	Grand Illusions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Dated to ca 80 BC In the year 1900 the bronze remains of a mechanical device were retrieved from a shipwreck off Antikythera, near Crete.
		A few years ago, John Gleave, an orrery maker based in the United Kingdom, decided to construct a working replica of the original mechanism.
		The instrument indicates that the technology of the time, of which this is the only surviving example, was by any measure sophisticated.
	www.grand-illusions.com /antikyth.htm (298 words)

	The Antikythera Mechanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		It is neither facile nor uninstructive to remark that the Antikythera mechanism dropped and sank--twice.
		It is worth noting, however, that the man who invented trigonometry and first scientifically catalogued the stars' positions was Hipparchus of Rhodes; that in more than one ancient system of latitude and longitude the meridians crossed at Rhodes (Dicearchos Fr.
		Besides such tantalizing synchronicities, the existence of the Antikythera mechanism also should prompt fundamental change in the way the ancient sources are read.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /rrice/apagadgt.html (487 words)

	Learn more about Antikythera mechanism in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Learn more about Antikythera mechanism in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		The Antikythera mechanism is occasionally interpreted as an anachronism by those attempting to prove the occurrence of time travel (see anachronism and time travel).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/an/antikythera_mechanism.html (628 words)

	The National Archeological Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		It was found in the area of an ancient Roman shipwreck off the island of Antikythera.
		It has been suggested that it may be a portrait, showing a psychological competence unknown in earlier statues, of Bion the Borysthenite, a 3rd-century BCE philosopher who left his mark on the age with his satirical "diatribes".
		It was found in an ancient shipwreck off the island of Antikythera and is dated to 250-200 BCE.
	www.grisel.net /athens_museum.htm (2160 words)

	Antikythera Mechanism Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Antikythera Mechanism was discovered in a wreck near the island of Antikythera (hence its name).
		The Antikythera Mechanism is the most sophisticated scientific instrument surviving from antiquity.
		Many of the finest bronzesever discovered, such as the Youth of Antikythera, were salvaged bysponge divers.
	www.giant.net.au /users/rupert/kythera/kythera5.htm (647 words)

	ekathimerini.com \| Ancient pirates of Antikythera
		A nest of ancient pirates who apparently preyed on Mediterranean shipping for nearly 300 years has emerged during excavations this summer on a remote island off the southeastern tip of the Peloponnese.
		According to a Culture Ministry announcement yesterday, archaeologists digging at the ancient city of Antikythera since 2000 have located sanctuaries, a large public building and a wealth of missiles — spear and arrow heads, slingshots and large catapult stones — in the settlement identified as the city of Aegila mentioned in ancient sources.
		Antikythera controlled the strait between Kythera and western Crete, a crucial passage for shipping.
	www.ekathimerini.com /4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_100024_03/09/2003_33635 (202 words)

	Digging code: Software archaeology: Builder AU: Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		While the favorite theory alleges that it calculated the position of the stars to aid navigation at sea, its designers and builders are long dead, ancient literature lacks a single mention of such devices and the only documentation it bears is an inscription suggesting the island of Rhodes as the place it was built.
		Like the Antikythera Mechanism, many applications were created years ago by unknown coders who left no documentation and can’t be reached any more.
		Yet the mystery of their work can be as important to a business as the Antikythera Mechanism is to an archaeologist, as uncovering the business value encoded into an old application can tell a business a lot about its past and help shape its future.
	www.builderau.com.au /program/0,39024614,39131500,00.htm (866 words)

	Ivars Peterson's MathTrek
		They can be used in designing gear trains, including those that might be found in a planetarium to simulate the relative motion of the sun and moon around Earth.
		The so-called Antikythera mechanism, apparently constructed in the first century B.C., recovered in 1900 from a Mediterranean shipwreck, and analyzed just a few decades ago, is one of the most striking examples of such engineering in the ancient world.
		The Antikythera mechanism -- the sole survivor of what was undoubtedly a long tradition of astronomical automata -- served primarily as an elegant simulation of the heavens.
	www.maa.org /mathland/mathtrek_10_13.html (801 words)

	History of Mechanical Calculators - Part I
		Sometime, between 100 BC and 65 BC, a Greek ship carrying a load of bronze and marble statues and other artifacts from Rhodes to Rome sunk close to the coast of Antikythera, a small island of Greece.
		The remains, maintained at the National Museum in Athens, include an ancient geared mechanism, now known as the Antikythera Calculator.
		This interesting device, made up of 32 gear-wheels, resembles the mechanism of an 18th Century clock, and was used to calculate the movements of the Sun and the Moon.
	www.dotpoint.com /xnumber/mechanical1.htm (1938 words)

	objetos imposibles der punkdemonium
		De todos ellos el más sorprendente es -sin duda- la máquina de Antikythera, descubierta en 1900 por unos pescadores de esponjas griegos que faenaban en las inmediaciones de una isla del mismo nombre.
		Construida con ruedas de cobre, la máquina debía de haber contenido alrededor de treinta ruedas dentadas, con sus correspondientes diferenciales, y pudo haber estado dentro de una cala cubierta de inscripciones.
		Tan polémica como la máquina de Antikythera es el extraño cráneo de cristal hallado en 1927 por Anna Mitchell-Hedges, hija adoptiva del polémico explorador británico Frederik Mitchell-Hedges, en las ruinas mayas de Lubaantun, situadas en los bosques tropicales de Belice, en la Guayana británica.
	punkdemonium.iespana.es /punkdemonium/misterios3ooparts.htm (1318 words)

	9602262273 : Ancient Greek Computer from Rhodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		This is the true history of an astonishing machine during the time when the island of Rhodes was the centre of both cultural and intellectual activity within the Roman Empire.
		Made on the island of Rhodes around 71BC, the computer was lost beneath the waves for almost 2000 years.
		Recovered in 1910, the Antikythera machine caused much controversy in scientific circles of the day for the technology incorporated in the device was far ahead of its time.
	www.gazellebookservices.co.uk /ISBN/9602262273.htm (146 words)

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