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Topic: Antikythera mechanism

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Antikythera

Differential gear

Planetary gear

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432 BC

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3rd century BC

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Antikythira

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	World Mysteries - Strange Artifacts - Antikythera Mechanism
		From the inscriptions and the dials the mechanism was correctly identified as an astronomical device.
		The Antikythera mechanism must therefore be an arithmetical counterpart of the much more familiar geometrical models of the solar system which were known to Plato and Archimedes and evolved into the orrery and the planetarium.
		The Antikythera mechanism, as it is now known, was originally housed in a wooden box about the size of a shoebox, with dials on the outside and a complex assembly of bronze gear wheels within.
	www.world-mysteries.com /sar_4.htm (4752 words)

	Antikythera mechanism Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient artifact believed to be an early clockwork mechanism.
		The mechanism is the oldest surviving geared mechanism, made from bronze in a wooden frame, and has puzzled and intrigued historians of science and technology since its discovery.
		The Antikythera mechanism is occasionally interpreted as an anachronism by those attempting to prove the occurrence of time travel (see anachronism and time travel).
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/a/an/antikythera_mechanism.html (547 words)

	Antikythera mechanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The origins of the mechanism are unclear, as are the circumstances by which it came to be on the cargo ship.
		Price advanced the theory that the Antikythera mechanism was a device for calculating the motions of stars and planets, which would make the device the first known analog computer.
		Until that time, the Antikythera mechanism's function was largely unknown, though it had been correctly identified as an astronomical device, perhaps being an astrolabe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antikythera_mechanism (2184 words)

	ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM RESEARCH PROJECT
		Antikythera Mechanism (AM) on account of its being semi-destroyed and of its great complexity proves to be problematic for its study and its presentation to public.
		The new investigation of the Antikythera Mechanism was enabled by such innovative techniques developed by scientists, who have invented new methods of monitoring surface and in-depth features of the device, which, bearing the consequences of the shipwreck and 2100 years in the bottom of the sea, is fragmented, damaged, crumpled and fully calcified.
		The Antikythera Mechanism is a unique find from the ancient world although there are other machines in antiquity, none seem to rival its technological complexity, especially given that all signs point to its deposition in the ocean in the first century BC.
	www.tseliosweb.com /antikythera.html (6712 words)

	Antikythera mechanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The wreck was discovered in 1900 at a depth of about 40 m (140 feet), and many statues and other works were retrieved from it by sponge divers.
		The mechanism is the oldest known surviving geared mechanism, made from bronze in a wooden frame, and has puzzled and intrigued historians of science and technology since its discovery.
		The Antikythera mechanism, not described in any surviving source, shows that our knowledge of ancient technology is very incomplete.
	www.wikimoz.org /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/an/antikythera_mechanism.html (617 words)

	Antikythera Mechanism
		It was not, however, until 1958 that the Antikythera Mechanism was first examined by the man who was to reveal the true extent of its maker's technical achievement to the world.
		Antikythera Mechanism part 2 of 2 Preliminary work on the bronze fragments had revealed its basic features: on the outside, it had consisted of dials set into a wooden box, and inside there were at least twenty gear wheels.
		Certainly, the Antikythera Mechanism must rank, as Price claims, 'as one of the greatest basic mechanical inventions of all time.' Its very existence is a warning against the arrogant modern notion that so- phisticated science was beyond the capabilities and the imagination of the people of the ancient world.
	www.sacred-texts.com /ufo/artifact.htm (627 words)

	the antikythera picture
		This devices has come to be known as the Antikythera Mechanism.
		The device is the oldest known gearing mechanism in existence.
		Experts around the world all agree that the discovery of this mechanism demonstrates that our history is largely incomplete.
	www.dark-ufo.com /antikythera.html (360 words)

	ABC Radio National: The Buzz 13 March 2004 - Antikythera Mechanism
		Now the thing is that until we saw what was inside the Antikythera mechanism is was usual to image that these instruments mentioned by Cicero were really rather simple, naïve little devices and that if Cicero implied that they were complicated this was just a literary trick.
		What I’ve done with my reconstruction of the mechanism as a planetarium is, I’ve closed the link between the complicated technology we’ve known all about since Price published and the literary accounts of planetariums that we’ve known about for a very long time but doubted how the faithful the written word was to reality.
		The mechanism is the first solid point we have in a history of mechanical technology.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/buzz/stories/s1064881.htm (1578 words)

	Antikythera mechanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		American Mathematical Society's The Antikythera Mechanism I and The Antikythera Mechanism II (Java Animation by Bill Casselman)
		Rice, Rob S., "The Antikythera Mechanism : Physical and Intellectual Salvage from the 1st Century B.C. USNA Eleventh Naval History Symposium.
		Rice, Rob S., "''Gears, Galleys, and Geography The Antikythera Mechanism's Implications'".
	www.bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/a/an/antikythera_mechanism.html (609 words)

	antikythera computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The mechanism seemed to have been cut from a sheet of bronze about 2mm thick, and all the gears were cut with the same tooth angle of 60 degrees, so that any gear will mesh with any other.
		Essentially the mechanism was the translation into the form of meshing gears of calculations ancient astronomers of the time actually used to work out where planets etc. would be at given dates.
		Later research by de Solla Price's son suggests that the mechanism was built in Rhodes, which at the time was a centre of scientific and technological research and development.
	www.dai.ed.ac.uk /homes/cam/antikyth/antikyth.html (845 words)

	The Antikythera Computer
		Its use of a Differential Gear to subtract the sidereal motion of the sun from that of the moon to produce the synodic month, the cycle of the phases of the moon, is remarkable and represents the first example of such gearing yet discovered.
		The full functions of the mechanism may never be known but it appears certain that it displayed the position of the Sun in the zodiac throughout the year as well as the phases of the moon.
		It was the requirement of displaying the phases of the moon based on the Synodic month of about 29 ½ that necessitates a complex gear train to subtract the revolutions of the Sun from those of the Moon to produce the cycles of the synodic months.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Kythera.htm (1563 words)

	What is the Antikythera Mechanism?
		The antikythera mechanism is currently housed in the Greek National Archaeological Museum in Athens and is thought to be one of the most complicated antiques in existence.
		At the beginning of the 20th century, divers off the island of Antikythera came across this clocklike mechanism, which is thought to be at least 2,000 years old, in the wreckage of a cargo ship.
		It has been estimated that the antikythera mechanism was built around 87 B.C and was lost in 76 B.C. No one has any idea about why or how it came to be on that ill-fated cargo ship.
	www.antikythera-mechanism.com (524 words)

	LiveScience.com - Scientists Unravel Mystery of Ancient Greek Machine
		A new analysis of the Antikythera Mechanism [image], a clock-like machine consisting of more than 30 precise, hand-cut bronze gears, show it to be more advanced than previously thought—so much so that nothing comparable was built for another thousand years.
		The researchers also show that the device could mechanically replicate the irregular motions of the Moon, caused by its elliptical orbit around the Earth, using a clever design involving two superimposed gear-wheels, one slightly off-center, that are connected by a pin-and-slot device.
		Previous reconstructions suggested the Antikythera Mechanism was about the size of a shoebox, with dials on the outside and a complex assembly of bronze gear wheels within.
	www.livescience.com /history/061129_anitkythera_mech.html (689 words)

	Antikythera mechanism - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The device is all the more impressive for its use of a differential gear, which was previously believed to have been invented in the 16th century AD.
		Another reconstruction was made in 2002 by Michael Wright, mechanical engineering curator for the Science Museum in London, working with Allan Bromley.
		It also adds support to the idea that there was an ancient Greek tradition of complex mechanical technology which was transmitted via the Arab world, where similar devices are found later, and which formed the foundation of European clockmaking techniques.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=89732 (899 words)

	The Antikythera Mechanism - Advanced Astrology Articles - Understanding Astrology - Astrodienst
		The team believes the Antikythera Mechanism may be the world's oldest computer, used by the Greeks to predict the motion of the planets.
		The most prominent appraisal of the mechanism's purpose was put forward in 2002 by Michael Wright, the curator of mechanical engineering at the Science Museum in London, who said it was used to track the movements of all the celestial bodies known to the Greeks: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
		If the Antikythera Mechanism turns out to have been a machine for showing the movements of the planets around the sun, it would greatly alter our understanding of the history of astronomy.
	www.astro.com /astrologie/in_antikythera_e.htm (708 words)

	The Antikythera Mechanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is neither facile nor uninstructive to remark that the Antikythera mechanism dropped and sank--twice.
		It is worth noting, however, that the man who invented trigonometry and first scientifically catalogued the stars' positions was Hipparchus of Rhodes; that in more than one ancient system of latitude and longitude the meridians crossed at Rhodes (Dicearchos Fr.
		Besides such tantalizing synchronicities, the existence of the Antikythera mechanism also should prompt fundamental change in the way the ancient sources are read.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /rrice/apagadgt.html (487 words)

	spurgeonblog: Antikythera Mechanism conference this fall
		The device, known as the Antikythera Mechanism, has been the subject of study and speculation ever since.
		At the conference researchers will report on the most advanced analysis of the Mechanism ever performed, using X-ray based tomography, and on what the hell they think the Antikythera Mechanism was actually used for.
		If you want to get the latest on the Mechanism (and you aren't planning on a trip to Greece at the end of November) you can sign up for the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project's mailing list.
	www.spurgeonworld.com /blog/archives/2006/10/antikythera_mec.html (322 words)

	Antikythera Mechanism--Conservation DistList
		The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System.
		The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is an international collaboration of academic researchers, supported by some of the world's best high-technology companies, which aims to completely reassess the function and significance of the Antikythera Mechanism.
		Within a few months, when the results have been checked and collated, more information on the ongoing research will be released at For the future, the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project is planning a major conference in Athens in the autumn of 2006 to present their research findings.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byform/mailing-lists/cdl/2006/0616.html (919 words)

	Antikythera Mechanism - Crystalinks
		The Antikythera mechanism is one of the world's oldest known geared devices.
		In June 1959, in a front-page article in Scientific American titled "An ancient Greek computer", he brought forth the theory that the Antikythera mechanism was a device for calculating the motions of stars and planets, which would make the device the first analog computer.
		Up until that time the function of the Antikythera mechanism was largely unknown, though it had been correctly identified as an astronomical device, perhaps being an astrolabe.
	www.crystalinks.com /antikythera.html (1204 words)

	Antikythera mechanism - TheBestLinks.com - Australia, Analog computer, Bronze, Crete, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Antikythera mechanism, Australia, Analog computer, Bronze, Crete, Egypt, Greece...
		American Mathematical Society's The Antikythera Mechanism I (http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~tony/whatsnew/column/antikytheraI-0400/kyth1.html) and The Antikythera Mechanism II (http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~tony/whatsnew/column/antikytheraII-0500/diff1.html) (Java Animation (http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~tony/whatsnew/column/antikytheraI-0400/kyth5.html) by Bill Casselman)
		Rice, Rob S., "The Antikythera Mechanism (http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rrice/usna_pap.html) : Physical and Intellectual Salvage from the 1st Century B.C. USNA Eleventh Naval History Symposium.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Antikythera_mechanism.html (655 words)

	Astrophotography by Anthony Ayiomamitis
		A chance discovery in 1901 by a local sponge diver just off the coast of the small Greek island of Antikythera has proven to be a find which has been described as having a greater historical significance and value than the Mona Lisa itself.
		Furthermore, x-ray analysis revealed the presence of text, approximately 2000 characters in length with the bulk of it having been recovered and deciphered from the 80+ remnant pieces and which has yet to be released to the general public (as of December 1st, 2006).
		It is believed that the Antikytheran Mechanism is most probably the work of Poseidonius of Rhodes due to various written references at the time of such an engineering device being constructed by him.
	www.perseus.gr /Astro-Greek-Archae-Astr-Antikythera.htm (495 words)

	Unexplained Mysteries :: Mystery of the Antikythera Mechanism
		Wright pointed out that for the first time, based on the study of the mechanism itself, (he has constructed a replica to be able to understand how it works) is made widely known that this was a lunar calendar able to predict lunar eclipses.
		He added that the most important fact is that the specific mechanism displayed not only the position of the Moon and the Sun in the sky but all the known planets today as well, Saturn included.The device, stressed Mr.
		Wright, proves that it was not the first one made during that time, while he underlined that the scenarios that question the fact that its origin is Greece are groundless.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /viewnews.php?id=43525 (250 words)

	xirdalium
		On the one hand the channel is one of the most frequented shipping routes between the eastern and the western Mediterranean, on the other hand it is a place consisting of sandbars, shoals, and sudden currents, which already made it a famous shipyard for both ancient and modern vessels.
		"The Antikythera mechanism was an arrangement of calibrated differential gears inscribed and configured to produce solar and lunar positions in synchronization with the calendar year.
		The yellowish picture at the end of the entry is a screencap from a clip showing a 3D-reconstruction of the mechanism's main fragment, gained from data generated by Bladerunner's x-ray scrutinization of the fragments.
	xirdal.lmu.de /cgi-bin/blosxom.cgi/2006/06/14 (1704 words)

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