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Topic: Antimetabolite

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	Antimetabolite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An antimetabolite is a chemical with a similar structure to a substance (a metabolite) required for normal biochemical reactions, yet different enough to interfere with the normal functions of cells, including cell division.
		Antimetabolites can be used in cancer treatment, as they interfere with DNA production and therefore cell division and the growth of tumors.
		Antimetabolites may also be antibiotics, such as sulfanilamide drugs, which inhibit dihydrofolate synthesis in bacteria by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antimetabolite (335 words)

	2004 OPTN/SRTR Annual Report: Chapter IV - Immunosuppression: Evolution in Practice and Trends
		Antimetabolites and sirolimus: Though antimetabolite use overall is still frequent for lung transplant recipients during the first posttransplant year, the proportion of patients on mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine continues to change.
		Antimetabolites and sirolimus: Antimetabolite usage is still quite common among heart-lung transplant recipients (79% in 2003), with azathioprine used in 47% of cases and mycophenolate mofetil in 32% of cases in 2003.
		Antimetabolites and sirolimus: Again, as with heart and lung transplantation, antimetabolites are frequently used as part of the immunosuppressive protocol and were used for 95% of heart-lung recipients in 2002.
	www.optn.org /AR2004/chapter_iv_AR_cd.htm (6441 words)

	Review of Ophthalmology
		The Healon appears to keep the antimetabolite away from the holed tissue that you want to heal, and helps you proceed with the trabeculectomy as planned, rather than having to abandon the antimetabolite.
		If you use the antimetabolite and then find you’ve made a buttonhole, a vicryl suture (9-0 or 10-0 on a BV needle) can be helpful in closing the hole.
		Unlike trabeculectomies done prior to antimetabolite use, in which a small ooze of aqueous was necessary to ensure success, antimetabolite trabs can be closed completely (with no ooze) and then opened up gradually in the immediate postop period.
	www.revophth.com /index.asp?page=1_738.htm (3734 words)

	Glaucoma Today
		The use of strong antimetabolites such as mitomycin C (MMC) during trabeculectomy increases the risk of potential complications, including hypotony with visual loss and leaking as well as uncomfortable blebs that may lead to endophthalmitis.
		If intraoperative antimetabolites are indicated, we now use them after cutting the half-thickness scleral flap but before entering the eye, because we have often found scar tissue in the subscleral space upon re-exploration.
		The tension provided by the flap and sutures is particularly important when antimetabolites are used in surgery, because it is the primary regulator of the IOP until significant healing occurs, which may be many months later if the surgery involved MMC.
	www.glaucomatoday.com /pages/0305/05.html (2661 words)

	Richard T. St John, Biology Dept., Widener University
		Chemical extraction, purification, and characterization of several of the antimetabolites is in progress.
		Frozen spore suspensions of both narrow and broad spectrum antibiotic producing strains were inoculated into liquid cultures and incubated with vigorous aeration for two weeks at 28 C. The resulting culture medium contained soluble antimetabolites that inhibited the growth of the same profile of bacteria as the original isolates did on agar medium.
		The antimetabolites were purified by ion exchange and Sephadex column chromatography.
	www.science.widener.edu /~stjohn/page4.html (356 words)

	A randomised, prospective study comparing trabeculectomy with viscocanalostomy with adjunctive antimetabolite usage for ...
		A randomised, prospective study comparing trabeculectomy with viscocanalostomy with adjunctive antimetabolite usage for the management of open angle glaucoma uncontrolled by medical therapy -- O’Brart et al.
		A randomised, prospective study comparing trabeculectomy with viscocanalostomy with adjunctive antimetabolite usage for the management of open angle glaucoma uncontrolled by medical therapy
		A randomised, prospective study comparing trabeculectomy augmented with antimetabolites with a viscocanalostomy technique for the management of open angle glaucoma uncontrolled by medical therapy.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/88/8/1012 (3663 words)

	Cytarabine liposomal - DepoCyt, Liposomal Ara-C - Chemotherapy Drugs - Chemo
		Liposomal cytarabine is used to treat lymphomatous meningitis (lymphoma found in the lining of the brain and spinal cord).
		Antimetabolites are very similar to normal substances within the cell.
		Antimetabolites are classified according to the substances with which they interfere.
	www.chemocare.com /bio/liposomal_arac.asp (1355 words)

	Novartis Transplant: Complications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In general, the dose of immunosuppressive medications can be reduced in most long-term transplant patients during acute infection without a substantially increased risk of acute rejection.
		For more severe infections, both antimetabolite therapy and calcineurin inhibitors may have to be withdrawn.
		Once the patient is stabilized and recovery is apparent, treatment with the antimetabolites or calcineurin inhibitors is resumed gradually.
	www.novartis-transplant.com /medpro/symposia/complication_section/infection-manage.jsp (163 words)

	Clinical Trial: Antimetabolite Induction, High-Dose Alkylating Agent Consolidation and Retroviral Transduction of the ...
		Antimetabolite Induction, High-Dose Alkylating Agent Consolidation and Retroviral Transduction of the MDR1 Gene Into Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells Followed by Intensification Therapy With Sequential Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin for Stage 4 Breast Cancer
		This study examines the feasibility of using gene therapy to prevent some of the toxicities of an intensive chemotherapy regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
		It will also examine the feasibility of administering induction high-dose therapy with antimetabolites, followed with consolidation using high-dose single alkylating agent therapy and finally intensification therapy with sequential cycles of very high doses of the natural product breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin).
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00001493 (1145 words)

	The cell cycle effects and induction of apoptosis by 5-bromouridine in cultures of human leukaemic MOLT-4 and HL-60 ...
		5-Bromouridine (BrUrd) and several analogues of this antimetabolite exhibit antiviral activity and are potent inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus.
		Apoptosis of HL-60 cells and lymphocytes was observed at > or = 50 microM BrUrd after 24 h of incubation; death of MOLT-4 cells had mixed features of apoptosis and necrosis and resembled the 'mitotic' or 'reproductive cell death' as described in other cell systems.
		The cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of BrUrd should be taken into consideration when using this antimetabolite as an antiviral agent in the clinic or as an RNA precursor in assays of cell transcriptional activity.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1999/nov/A99B0802.html (619 words)

	Variagenics Unveils 3-D Display and Analysis System for Genetic Variation Data
		Data to be used in creating molecular diagnostics for predicting efficacy/toxicity of cancer drugs BOSTON, Aug. 15 /PRNewswire/ -- Variagenics, Inc. (Nasdaq: VGNX), a leader in pharmacogenomics, unveiled a new interactive three-dimensional visualization system for individual genetic variations, at the 2001 Drug Discovery Technology Conference.
		Conference delegates were able to navigate from a graphical interface representing the biological pathways targeted by drugs and developmental drug candidates and embark on a tour of the human genome, ultimately arriving at the chromosomal locus for each selected gene.
		The technology, developed by Variagenics in collaboration with Small Design Firm, Inc. of Cambridge, MA, is one of the first applications of this type of interactive graphics to be made available for the biopharmaceutical industry.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/08-15-2001/0001555510&EDATE= (613 words)

	IMURAN® (azathioprine)
		Ve ry large doses of this antimetabolite may lead to marrow hypoplasia, bleeding, infection, and death.
		About 30% of IMURAN is bound to serum proteins, but approximately 45% is removed during an 8-hour h e m o d i a l y s i s.3 5 A single case has been reported of a renal transplant patient who ingested a single dose of 7500 mg IMURAN.
		Procedures for proper handling and disposal of this immunosuppressive antimetabolite drug should be considered.
	www.transplantbuddies.org /library/drugs/full/azathio.html (3687 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - antimetabolite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "antimetabolite" at HighBeam.
		Bleb leaks becoming more common with antimetabolite use: a variety of approaches allow successful outcome if care is taken in the management process.(Complications)
		New techniques, awareness help limit PRK complications: avoidance of problems is possible with careful patient selection as well as meticulous data entry.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/x/x-antimeta.asp (164 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Antimetabolite - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Antimetabolite: an antineoplastic drug that inhibits the utilization of a metabolite
		Antimetabolite : drug that is chemically similar to a naturally occurring metabolite, but differs enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways.
		A hierarchical classification of Antimetabolite: The following list attempts to classify Antimetabolite into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/antimetabolite.htm (187 words)

	Imuran Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Azathioprine - RxList Monographs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		WARNING: Chronic immunosuppression with this purine antimetabolite increases risk of neoplasia in humans.
		Physicians using this drug should be very familiar with this risk as well as with the mutagenic potential to both men and women and with possible hematologic toxicities.
		Azathioprine, an immunosuppressive antimetabolite, is available in tablet form for oral administration.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/azathioprine.htm (232 words)

	Drugs - Enzyme Inhibition
		A drug which possesses a remarkably close chemical similarity (mimic) to the normal metabolite is called an antimetabolite.
		The antimetabolite enters a normal synthetic reaction by "fooling" an enzyme and producing a counterfeit metabolite.
		Such antimetabolites have been used as antibacterial or anticancer agents.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/651enzymeinhibit.html (300 words)

	A to H
		Active transport is the carriage of a solute across a biological membrane from low to high concentration that requires the expenditure of (metabolic) energy.
		At the receptor level, it is a chemical entity that opposes the receptor-associated responses normally induced by another bioactive agent.
		An antisense molecule is an oligonucleotide or analog thereof that is complementary to a segment of RNA (ribonucleic acid) or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and that binds to it and inhibits its normal function.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iupac/medchem/ah.html (2005 words)

	OSL: Topical Cyclosporine as a Possible New Antimetabolite in Trabeculectomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The authors conducted a randomized, prospective, and controlled clinical and transmission electron microscopic study to investigate the possible role of cyclosporine in trabeculectomy as an antimetabolite agent.
		Middle scleral layers were generally not affected except in some cyclosporine-treated eyes, which showed only a mild cytopathic effect.
		This study showed that topical cyclosporine was safe and effective for use as an antimetabolite in trabeculectomy.
	www.slackinc.com /eye/os/stor0696/turac.htm (236 words)

	Pentostatin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is given by Intravenous therapy infusion once every two weeks for three to six months.
		Though pentostatin is a purine antimetabolite, it may also be classified as a natural product anticancer chemotherapeutic, as it was originally isolated from the species of bacteria Streptomyces antibioticus.
		This page was last modified 20:21, 5 July 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pentostatin (144 words)

	Trypan blue identifies antimetabolite treatment area in trabeculectomy -- Healey and Crowston 89 (9): 1152 -- British ...
		Trypan blue identifies antimetabolite treatment area in trabeculectomy -- Healey and Crowston 89 (9): 1152 -- British Journal of Ophthalmology
		Trypan blue identifies antimetabolite treatment area in trabeculectomy
		and the effect of trypan blue on antimetabolite cytotoxicity
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/89/9/1152 (398 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Fluorouracil - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		It belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.
		Fluorouracil: An antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity.
		Fluorouracil : pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/fluorouracil_printer.htm (331 words)

	Utilisation of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels to optimise azathioprine therapy in patients with ...
		Heparinised blood was obtained from 82 adult patients with IBD on long term (more than three months) antimetabolite therapy
		incompletely responsive to that dosage of antimetabolite therapy.
		The difference in erythrocyte 6-TG levels between patients in remission and those who were incompletely responsive to antimetabolite
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/48/5/642 (3303 words)

	Clinical Trial: A Pilot Trial of Sequential Chemotherapy With Antimetabolite Induction, High-Dose Alkylating Agent ...
		Clinical Trial: A Pilot Trial of Sequential Chemotherapy With Antimetabolite Induction, High-Dose Alkylating Agent Consolidation With Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Support, and Intensification With Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin for Patients With High-Risk Breast Cancer
		A Pilot Trial of Sequential Chemotherapy With Antimetabolite Induction, High-Dose Alkylating Agent Consolidation With Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Support, and Intensification With Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin for Patients With High-Risk Breast Cancer
		Patients will receive induction therapy with antimetabolite agents (methotrexate, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil) for four cycles.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/gui/show/NCT00001498;jsessionid=32B5D75FF676AD16104FD27DFD2E830B?order=147 (822 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) requires a multidimensional approach.
		Recent studies have focused on pharmacologic techniques to inhibit intraocular cell proliferation by applying antimetabolite drugs.
		Side effects associated with these drugs and difficulties in achieving effective concentration inside the eye make drug delivery an important and difficult part of this approach.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00303720/articles/48/4/003037209687948.abstract.en (200 words)

	Drugs - Anti-cancer
		In addition, DNA synthesis is further inhibited because hydroxyurea blocks the incorporation of the thymidine nucleotide into the DNA strand.
		Mercaptopurine, a chemical analog of the purine adenine, inhibits the biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides by acting as an antimetabolite.
		Thioguanine is an antimetabolite in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/655cancer2.html (837 words)

	Salix Pharmaceuticals: Colazal, Rifaximin Product Information
		AZASAN is a potent immunosuppressive antimetabolite indicated as an adjunct therapy for the prevention of rejection in renal homotransplantations and for the management of severe active rheumatoid arthritis.
		Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine are effective in helping to control the inflammatory process and thus reducing the need for chronic steroid treatment and its related adverse events.
		AZASAN is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women and in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to this product.
	www.salix.com /products/products_azasan.asp (209 words)

	Genzyme Oncology Small Molecule Therapies and Clofarabine
		Clofarabine is a next-generation purine nucleoside antimetabolite that is currently under review by the FDA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute leukemias in children.
		Nucleoside analogs are antimetabolites that affect DNA synthesis.
		For more information about the clofarabine clinical trials, please visit www.clinicaltrials.gov.
	www.genzymeoncology.com /onc/research/onc_p_small_molecule.asp (348 words)

	OSL: Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil Antimetabolite Therapy for Pediatric Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
		OSL: Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil Antimetabolite Therapy for Pediatric Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
		Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil Antimetabolite Therapy for Pediatric Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
		Address reprint requests to Moshe Snir, MD, Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva 49202, Israel.
	www.slackinc.com /EYE/os/stor0100/snir.htm (312 words)

	Gemcitabine (2',2'-Difluoro-2'-Deoxycytidine), an Antimetabolite That Poisons Topoisomerase I -- Pourquier et al. 8 ...
		Gemcitabine (2',2'-Difluoro-2'-Deoxycytidine), an Antimetabolite That Poisons Topoisomerase I -- Pourquier et al.
		Gemcitabine (2',2'-Difluoro-2'-Deoxycytidine), an Antimetabolite That Poisons Topoisomerase I
		Copyright © 2002 by the American Association for Cancer Research.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/8/8/2499 (349 words)

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