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Topic: Antimony trisulphide

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	Antimony in alchemy
		Antimony compounds especially the trisulphide were used in antiquity, for example Kohl (al-koh'l of the Arabs), used to stain the eyelids.
		Saffron of antimony = Golden sulphide of antimony, or Golden sulphuret of antimony, the pentasulphide of antimony, which is of a golden or orange yellow powder.
		It is a compound of antimony trioxide and trisulphide.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/antimony_in_alchemy.html (575 words)

	Antimony - LoveToKnow 1911
		Antimony and its salts may be readily detected by the orange precipitate of antimony sulphide which is produced when sulphuretted hydrogen is passed through their acid solutions, and also by the Marsh test (see Arsenic); in this latter case the fl stain produced is not soluble in bleaching powder solution.
		Antimony pentoxide is obtained by repeatedly evaporating antimony with nitric acid and heating the resulting antimonic acid to a temperature not above 275° C.; by heating antimony with red mercuric oxide until the mass becomes yellow (J. Berzelius); or by evaporating antimony trichloride to dryness with nitric acid.
		Antimony trifluoride, SbF 3, is obtained by dissolving the trioxide in aqueous hydrofluoric acid or by distilling antimony with mercuric fluoride.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Antimony (3125 words)

	Antimony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Furnace workers who refine metallic antimony and produce antimony alloy, and workers setting type in the printing industry, are all exposed to antimony metal dust and fumes, and may present diffuse miliar opacities in the lung, with no clinical or functional signs of impairment in the absence of silica dust.
		It is obtained from antimony ore by a roasting process or by oxidizing metallic antimony and subsequent sublimation, and is used for the manufacture of tartar emetic, as a paint pigment, in enamels and glazes, and as a flameproofing compound.
		The antimony chlorides are used for blueing steel and colouring aluminium, pewter and zinc, and as catalysts in organic synthesis, especially in the rubber and pharmaceutical industries.
	www.ilo.org /encyclopedia/?print&nd=857200151 (1599 words)

	ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, a... - Online Information article about ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, a... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antimony pentoxide is obtained by repeatedly evaporating antimony with nitric acid and heating the resulting antimanic acid to a temperature not above 275° C.; by heating antimony with red mercuric oxide until the mass becomes yellow (J.
		Antimony triflhoride, SbF3, is obtained by dissolving the trioxide in aqueous hydrofluoric acid or by distilling antimony with mercuric fluoride.
		Antimony pentasulphide, SbzSs, is prepared by precipitating a solution of the pentachloride with sulphuretted hydrogen, by decomposing " Schlippe's salt " (q.v.) with an acid, or by passing sulphuretted hydrogen into water containing antimonic acid.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ANC_APO/ANTIMONY_symbol_Sb_atomic_weigh.html (3551 words)

	Antimony - Health Effects
		The distribution of antimony within the body and its excretion are a function of both the route of administration and the valence state of antimony.
		Following administration of 25 subcutaneous doses of antimony tri-fluoride (15 mg/kg bw) in rats over a one-month period, the rats developed oedema, fatty infiltration and cloudy swelling in the liver; in the kidney, swelling of epithelial cells lining the convoluted tubules, desquamation of the epithelium, protein masses in tubular lumina and shrunken glomeruli were observed.
		Calculated antimony intakes ranged from 0.06 to 42.17 mg/kg bw per day in males and from 0.06 to 45.69 mg/kg bw per day in females (although the actual "absorbed" doses were closer to 0.006-4.5 mg/kg bw per day based on the estimation of a 10% gastrointestinal absorption of potassium antimony tartrate).
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/doc_sup-appui/antimony-antimoine/healtheffects-effetssante_e.html (3474 words)

	Chemical compounds supplies / Company Group Voyager (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antimony is the element with interesting history and interesting properties; element which have been used widely for a long time; element which is important not only for the development of science and technical sphere but for cultural one also.
		However since the antimony increases the hardness of the other metals (tin, lead) and is not oxidized at normal conditions, the metallurgists add it to different alloys sometimes.
		The antimony is used for the improving of the properties of one of the most important semiconductor — germanium.
	www.antimony.ru /eng/surm.php?rid=41 (1085 words)

	Antimony trisulphide (UK PID)
		Antimony trisulphide is poorly soluble and is not absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal tract.
		Inhalation Pulmonary toxicity Dusts and fumes of antimony trisulphide are irritant to the respiratory tract and mucous membranes and inhalation causes laryngitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, rhinitis, epistaxis and bronchitis (Renes, 1953).
		Animal studies The LD of intramuscular antimony tartrate administered to rabbits was raised from 90 mg Sb/kg in controls to 160 mg Sb/kg in animals treated with intramuscular dimercaprol (30 mg/kg one hour after intoxication followed by 15 mg/kg at six, 24 and 48 hours) (Braun et al, 1946).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/antrisul/ukpid39.htm (3938 words)

	Kermes - LoveToKnow 1911
		From the 9th to the 16th century this insect formed an ingredient in the "confectio alkermes," a well known medicine, at one time official in the London pharmacopoeia as an astringent in doses of 20 to 60 grains or more.
		Mineral kermes is trisulphide of antimony, containing a variable portion of trioxide of antimony both free and combined with alkali.
		According to the French directions the official substance is obtained by adding 60 grammes of powdered antimony trisulphide to a boiling solution of 1280 grammes of crystallized sodium carbonate in 12,800 grammes of distilled water and boiling for one hour.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Kermes (696 words)

	Chemical compounds supplies / Company Group Voyager (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antimony is the element with interesting history and interesting properties; element which have been used widely for a long time; element which is important not only for the development of science and technical sphere but for cultural one also.
		However since the antimony increases the hardness of the other metals (tin, lead) and is not oxidized at normal conditions, the metallurgists add it to different alloys sometimes.
		The antimony is used for the improving of the properties of one of the most important semiconductor — germanium.
	antimony.ru /eng/surm.php?rid=37 (1085 words)

	Miljøprojekt, 892 – Antimon - forbrug, spredning og risiko – Summary and conclusions
		This literature review on antimony was initiated by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency in the spring of 2003 to improve the basis for an assessment of the exposure of humans and the environment in Denmark to this metalloid and the possible need for regulatory or other mitigating actions.
		Under normal circumstances, exposure of humans to antimony via inhalation will be marginal compared to the exposure by intake of food, which is assessed to be the dominant source of exposure of the general population.
		Uptake of antimony through the skin upon contact with textiles (primarily polyester) is assessed to be limited and, based on the available data, to pose a minor risk of exposure to humans.
	www2.mst.dk /udgiv/Publikationer/2004/87-7614-130-6/html/sum.htm (672 words)

	Miljøprojekt, 892 – Antimon - forbrug, spredning og risiko – Summary and conclusions
		This literature review on antimony was initiated by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency in the spring of 2003 to improve the basis for an assessment of the exposure of humans and the environment in Denmark to this metalloid and the possible need for regulatory or other mitigating actions.
		Under normal circumstances, exposure of humans to antimony via inhalation will be marginal compared to the exposure by intake of food, which is assessed to be the dominant source of exposure of the general population.
		Uptake of antimony through the skin upon contact with textiles (primarily polyester) is assessed to be limited and, based on the available data, to pose a minor risk of exposure to humans.
	www.mst.dk /udgiv/publikationer/2004/87-7614-130-6/html/sum.htm (672 words)

	Antimony Trichloride Anhydrous,Antimony Trichloride,Antimony Trichloride Manufacturers,Trichloride ...
		The major application for Antimony Trichloride is as the feed material for catalyzing the formation of CFC.
		Typically the Antimony Trichloride is chlorinated to form the Pentachloride which is the active catalyst.
		A second application is as a catalyst for the brominated flame retardant compound.
	www.chemicochemicals.com /antimony-trichloride-anhydrous.html (185 words)

	Antimony
		Antimony is used in flame-proofing, paints, ceramics, enamels, a wide variety of alloys, electronics, and rubber.
		Antimony is geochemically categorized as a chalcophile, occurring with sulfur and the heavy metals Lead, Copper, and Silver.
		Antimony and its compounds are used in several veterinary preparations like Anthiomaline or Lithium antimony thiomalate, which is used as a skin conditioner in ruminants.
	www.3rd1000.com /elements/Antimony.htm (1760 words)

	Match
		Early work had been done by Robert Boyle in the 1680s with phosphorus and sulphur, but his efforts had not produced useful results.
		Walker discovered a mixture of antimony sulfide[?], potassium chlorate[?], gum[?], and starch could be ignited by striking it against any rough surface.
		Walker called the matches congreves, but the process was patented by Samuel Jones[?] and the matches were sold as lucifers.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Matches.html (372 words)

	Definition of "antimony", 22C:096, University of Iowa
		Its metallic characteristics are less pronounced than those of the metals generally; and it forms the fourth member of the natural series nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some others, which are in different combinations triads and pentads.
		Arts I. 196 Native Antimony is a mineral of a tin-white colour and streak, and of a metallic lustre.
		80 The antimony mines are chiefly in Hungary, Transylvania and Germany.
	people.cs.uchicago.edu /~odonnell/OData/Courses/22C:096/Definitions/antimony.def.html (597 words)

	The Alchemists Garret - Kermes
		This preparation (Kermes), in particular, because the Antimony used is a sulphide and has not previously been calcined to a white salt, or oxide, contains an extract of native or crude sulphur.
		Because of this we point out that when taking, as a medicinal preparation, the Kermes of Antimony tri-sulphide remember that the sulphur extract will preserve any sickness which the subject at the time might be experiencing.
		Antimony is a dangerous poison of the same magnitude as arsenic.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/alchemy/kermes.htm (1102 words)

	Chemicals Manufacturers Exporters Suppliers Delhi India,Antimony Based Chemicals Manufacturer,Antimony Trichloride ...
		Lack of known sources of antimony ore in the country has successfully led to the strengthening of the company's network of sourcing the goods abroad and making a place in both national and international markets.
		The major use of Antimony Oxide is as a Flame Retardant synergist in plastics, rubber, textiles, adhesives, fiberglass and Paper.
		The use of titanium dioxide as white pigment together with antimony pentoxide for flame redundancy is preferable for reproducible colour matching.
	www.eindiabusiness.com /chemicals-manufacturer-india (1177 words)

	Match : Information and resources about Match : School Work Guru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Early work had been done by Robert Boyle in the 1680s with phosphorus and sulfur, but his efforts had not produced useful results.
		Walker discovered a mixture of antimony sulfide, potassium chlorate, gum, and starch could be ignited by striking it against any rough surface.
		The act of striking converts the red phosphorus to white by friction heat, the white phosphorus ignites and the ignition starts the combustion of the match head.
	www.schoolworkguru.org /encyclopedia/m/ma/match.html (458 words)

	Stibnite - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Stibnite, also antimonite, massive, opaque mineral composed of antimony trisulphide, Sb, that forms crystals in the orthorhombic system.
		Sulphur ranks 16th in abundance among the elements in the Earth's crust and is found widely distributed in both the free and combined states.
		- antimony ore: a soft greyish antimony sulphide mineral.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Stibnite.html (68 words)

	3N International Product 1
		Brand antimony trioxide is a series of grades of very high quality antimony trioxide with low impurities, low sieve residues, high SB2O3 content, high whiteness, and is made under the most strict quality control procedures.
		Brand antimony trioxide is made from high quality antimony metal to stringent specifications with cutting edge technology and equipment.
		Brand antimony trioxide is packed in 50 lb, 25 kg paper bags, 2,000 lb or 1,000 kg super sacks.
	www.3ninc.com /Antimony_Trioxide.htm (280 words)

	Science Fair Projects - List of pre-scientific substances
		Orpiment - arsenic trisulphide, an ore of arsenic.
		Powder of Algaroth - antimonious oxychloride, formed by precipitation when a solution of butter of antimony and spirit of salt is poured into water.
		Stibnite - antimony or antimony trisulphide, ore of antimony.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/List_of_pre-scientific_substances (1124 words)

	CancerNetwork:
		Antimony trisulphide, labeled with technetium-99m, first used at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1979, has remained the basis for modern lymphatic mapping, or lymphoscintigraphy.
		Two radiolabeled agents, technetium antimony trisulphide and human serum albumin, have become the standard compounds for lymphatic mapping.
		Lymphoscintigraphy is performed on the day preceding the lymph node biopsy using technetium-labeled antimony trisulphide colloid.
	www.cancernetwork.com /journals/primary/p9705e.htm (2387 words)

	The Chymistry of Isaac Newton: Reference & Instructional Tools:Alchemical Glossary
		Usually prepared in in the seventeenth century by distilling a dry mixture of corrosive sublimate (mercuric chloride) and antimony (antimony trisulphide); the "butter" distills over as a white or yellowish fluid that congeals into a solid of a buttery consistency.
		Antimony oxychloride; a poisonous and violently emetic white powder made by precipitating butter of antimony with water.
		The philosophers' mercury; the material of which the philosophers' stone was supposed to be made; also sometimes the "prime matter" of which the world was thought to be composed.
	webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu /newton/reference/glossary.do (1965 words)

	Stibnite Composition, Crystallization, Structure and Occurrence
		Antimony trisulphide, Sb = Sulfur 28.6, antimony 71.4.
		Used in various alloys, as antimonial lead for storage batteries, as type, pewter, Babbitt and Britannia metals and antifriction metal.
		Antimony trioxide is used as a pigment and for making glass.
	www.miningbasics.com /html/stibnite_composition__crystall.php (269 words)

	The Biz Column
		Traditionally, lead compounds and antimony trisulphide are the most common materials for brake pads of motor vehicles.
		However, due to the regulation passed by EU End-of-Life Vehicle Directive in 2003 has decided to ban the use of lead and the increasing of environmentally friendly worry in the industry, more and more car manufacturers have to begin to seek acceptable substitutes.
		It is estimated that this new advanced material has about 3,700 tones consumption per annum and could be worth ¢G12.5 million dollars a year, and UK brake pad manufacturers could save around ¢G2.5 million by applying this technology innovation.
	www.ttnet.net /search-bin/e_trade_news.cgi?sno=285 (213 words)

	[No title]
		Antimony Fulminate One of a group of unstable, explosive compounds related to Mercury Fulminate.
		Antimony Sulphide [Sb2S3] This has usefulness in sharpening the report of firecrackers, salutes, etc. or to add color to a fire.
		Antimony Trisulphide Dirty fl powder usually about 200mesh (there is also a red precipitated form).
	www.imageengineering.com /Library/Documents/glossary01.txt (8132 words)

	Antimony, - The Antimony Man - Bullet Metals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Of antimony for a long time can irritate the eyes and lungs, and can cause problems with the lungs, heart, and stomach.
		Antimony exists in two allotropic forms (see allotropy); the more common is Antimony rarely occurs free in nature, but its ores are widely distributed.
		Antimony has always been the difficult metal to obtain and then alloy due to Tin, lead, antimony and alloys of lead/tin for BPCR shooting are available.
	www.ageindex.com /agid/antimony.htm (276 words)

	Phosphorus
		The reaction to prepare the sulphide from white phosphorus is vigorous, and phosphorus vapor poisoned the workers.
		Some heads contain antimony trisulphide so they burn more vigorously.
		Antimony trisulphide is sometimes also in the striking strip.
	www.du.edu /%7Ejcalvert/phys/phosphor.htm (4879 words)

	Friction materials - Patent 4273699
		A friction material according to claim 2 wherein said friction or wear modifiers are carbon, graphite, antimony trisulfide, molybdenum disulfide or finely divided brass, copper or tin.
		Examples of friction and wear modifiers are carbon, graphite, antimony trisulphide and molybdenum disulphide and metals, in a finely divided form.
		For Examples 2 and 3 samples were also made using the formulation given in Table I, except that the mixture of steel fibres (10 parts) and mica (5 parts) was replaced by mixtures of steel fibres (10 parts) and glass fibres (5 parts) and glass fibres (15 parts) and wollastonite (5 parts) respectively.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4273699.html (1417 words)

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