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	antineutrino - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		In physics, antineutrinos, the antiparticles of neutrinos, are neutral particles produced in nuclear beta decay.
		All six of these particles have corresponding antiparticles (such as the positron or the electron antineutrino).
		Antineutrino Technically, what is produced in this decay is an antineutrino : n => p + e - + `n.
	encarta.msn.com /antineutrino.html (187 words)

	Antineutrino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, antineutrinos, the antiparticles of neutrinos, are neutral particles produced in nuclear beta decay.
		Neutrino oscillation experiments indicate that antineutrinos have mass, but beta decay experiments constrain that mass to be very small.
		Because antineutrinos and neutrinos are neutral particles it is possible that they are actually the same particle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antineutrino (163 words)

	Chronos: Interspatial Teleportation
		Antineutrinos are three-dimensional particles that exist in one spatial dimension and two perpendicular dimensions of interspace.
		The orientation of these three perpendicular dimensions is determined by the arbitrary linear vector in which the polarized antineutrino stream is projected in three-dimensional space (i.e., the teleportal would connect two points in space along the same line as that in which the stream of antineutrinos is directed).
		The antineutrino accelerator projects a polarized stream of phased particles along one spatial dimension, and the stream is focused by a gravitic lens into a perpendicular two-dimensional plane to form a disk-shaped aperture.
	chronos.ws /teleportation.html (1247 words)

	Lepton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are 12 known types of lepton, 3 of which are matter particles (the electron, the muon and the tauon), 3 corresponding neutrinos, and their 6 respective antiparticles.
		All known charged leptons have a single negative or positive electric charge (depending on whether they are particles or antiparticles) and all of the neutrinos and antineutrinos have neutral electric charge.
		In general, the number of leptons of the same type (electrons and electron neutrinos; muons and muon neutrinos; tauons and tau neutrinos) remains the same when particles interact (known as conservation of lepton number).
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Lepton (257 words)

	Neutrino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This particle can decay into any neutrino and its antineutrino, and therefore its lifetime will depend on the number of different neutrinos because it will be the shorter the more possibilities there are to decay.
		Also, there is some indication that neutrino and antineutrino are in fact the same particle, a hypothesis first proposed by the Italian physicist E.
		The neutrino was first postulated in 1931 by Wolfgang Pauli to explain the energy spectrum of beta decays, the decay of a neutron into a proton and an electron.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Neutrino (2780 words)

	Neutrinos
		The first experimental observation of the neutrino interacting with matter was made by Frederick Reines, Clyde Cowan, Jr, and collaborators in 1956 at the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina.
		Their neutrino source was a nuclear reactor (it actually produced antineutrinos from beta decay).
		Modern neutrino detectors at IMB in Ohio and Kamiokande in Japan detected neutrinos from Supernova 1987A.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/particles/neutrino.html (1421 words)

	NIST: Exper. to Measure the Electron-Antineutrino Coefficient
		This is one of the most fundamental processes in particle physics and it provides a rich laboratory for exploring the fundamental forces of nature.
		The coefficient a has been the most difficult to measure, and therefore is the least precisely-known, of the neutron decay parameters The antineutrino cannot be detected, but the influence of its momentum can be felt on the other particles (electron and proton) which are detected.
		Therefore, for any neutron decay where both the electron and proton are detected, the possible antineutrino momenta must fall into one of two kinematically distinct groups, indicated in the figure by the regions labeled I and II.
	physics.nist.gov /Divisions/Div846/Gp3/FunPhys/littlea.html (1166 words)

	Articles - Neutrino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Despite their massive nature, it is still possible that the neutrino and antineutrino are in fact the same particle, a hypothesis first proposed by the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana.
		Antineutrinos were first detected in 1953 near a nuclear reactor.
		Antineutrino charged current interactions with the protons in the water produced positrons and neutrons.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Neutrino (2949 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		At an irradiation of a line of substances by an intensive flow of neutrons of neuclear-physical installations, and the nucleuses of substances are in the polarized status and are exposed to additional influence of an electromagnetic field, the reception significant of jet draft antineutrino is essentially possible.
		Antineutrino, which formed in reaction (2), have the maximal energy 12.5 MeV and average energy of a spectrum 9.5 MeV, that corresponds to an average pulse which is carried away by one neutrino during beta-decay -5.1E-21 kg m /s.
		Antineutrino, formed in reaction, have the maximal energy 13.37 MeV and average energy of a spectrum 10.5 MeV, that corresponds to an average pulse which is carried away by one neutrino during beta-decay -5.6E-21 kg м /c.
	www.user.cityline.ru /~nep96sam/page51.htm (2865 words)

	Cubic-Meter Antineutrino Detectors
		Antineutrino count rates and energy spectra are readily measured with high statistical and systematic precision at modest standoff distances from nuclear reactor cores in cubic-meter-scale detectors.
		An antineutrino detector can therefore detect changes in the uranium and plutonium composition and the power of the reactor core without directly accessing the core.
		Because the systematic uncertainty in an absolute antineutrino rate measurement is currently limited to about 2 percent, corresponding to a few tens of kilograms sensitivity to changes from plutonium to uranium, detection of diversion at the IAEA’s significant quantity level (8 kilograms of plutonium) is a challenge.
	rdc.llnl.gov /rdp/cubic_meter.html (453 words)

	New Particle Structure pt. 1
		If a neutrino and an antineutrino bind strongly, and both are formed by the collapse of the respective cyclic photon, then it seems likely that the cleavage of an energetic photon can be precipitated and even directed by an encounter with either a neutrinos or antineutrino.
		The neutrino and antineutrino form a binary, and that is why the departing neutrino isn't in the equation.
		The antineutrino is bound to the neutrino from the pion nucleus as a binary.
	www.non-newtonianphysics.com /particle1.htm (6296 words)

	ANS : Store : Electronic Articles
		For GW(electric) power reactors, the count rates and the sensitivity of the antineutrino spectrum (to the core burnup) suggest that monitoring of the gross operational status of the reactor from outside the containment vessel is feasible.
		The average antineutrino energy also steadily drops, and a measurement of this variation would be very useful to help offset uncertainties in the total reactor power.
		However, the expected change in the antineutrino signal from the diversion of a significant quantity of plutonium, which would typically require the diversion of as little as a single fuel assembly in a GW(electric) reactor, would be very difficult to detect.
	www.ans.org /store/index.cgi?i=E110000-nse-149-3-270-276 (229 words)

	bernstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Cubic-meter-sized antineutrino detectors can be used to non intrusively, robustly, and automatically monitor and safeguard a wide variety of nuclear reactor types.
		Since the antineutrino spectra and relative yields of fissioning isotopes depend on the isotopic composition of the core, changes in composition can be observed remotely without ever directly accessing the core itself.
		Information from a modest-sized antineutrino detector placed a few tens of meters from the core, coupled with the well-understood principles that govern the core's evolution in time, can be used to determine whether the reactor is being operated in an illegitimate way.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /colloquiums/Previous/Spring03/bernstein.htm (151 words)

	Re: Quantum physics questions
		I couldn't understand why someone would even ask about "exchanging a neutron for antineutrino" until I guessed that this is some sort of reference to beta decay.
		If you are using the phrase "exchange for" to mean "decay into" then the question "Can a neutrino be exchanged for an antineutrino and a Z boson?" is almost a more strange question since a neutrino doesn't decay into anything.
		The result is that a neutron decays into a proton, antineutrino and an electron.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2003-07/msg0052443.html (406 words)

	Probability, Neutrinos, and Hogwarts
		The total mass of the proton, the electron, and the antineutrino is equivalent to the mass of the neutron before it decays minus the energy of the light.
		Since energy must be conserved and the total mass of the electron, the proton, and the antineutrino is less than the mass of the neutron, the reaction must produce extra energy to compensate for the remaining neutron mass.
		The antineutrino I am referring to is the electron antineutrino, or positron antineutrino (the positron is the antielectron).
	www.bewilderingstories.com /issue54/ed_hogwarts.html (606 words)

	Early Cosmic Ray Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In particular, the negative pion decays into a muon plus an antineutrino, while the neutral pion decays into two gamma rays, or high energy photons.
		The antineutrino which results from pion decay is actually distinct from the antineutrino emitted in nuclear beta decay; it is called the mu antineutrino since it is associated with the muon in the same way that the antineutrino in beta decay is associated with the electron.
		To further distinguish between the two, the latter is called the electron antineutrino.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node195.html (430 words)

	Transverse Field SR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the rest frame of the muon, the spin and momentum of the neutrino are antiparallel, while those of the antineutrino are parallel.
		When the neutrino and antineutrino are emitted in the same direction, the positron has maximum energy, and its spin direction is the same as that of the muon so as to conserve angular momentum.
		Overall, taking into account all possible momenta of the emitted neutrino and antineutrino, the positron tends to be emitted in the muon spin direction.
	musr.physics.ubc.ca /theses/Price/node16.html (415 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A common example of this phenomenon is the beta decay of tritium, an element whose nucleus is composed of one proton and two neutrons.
		One of its neutrons decays into a proton with the ejection of a beta particle and an antineutrino, transforming it into the stable element helium.
		A similar process occurs within the nucleus of carbon-14, which begins with 6 protons and 8 neutrons but, as a result of beta decay, transforms into stable nitrogen with a nucleus of 7 protons and neutrons each.
	laxmi.nuc.ucla.edu:8248 /M248_99/autorad/Scint/betadecay.html (258 words)

	Citebase - Antineutrino Geophysics with Liquid Scintillator Detectors
		Authors: Rothschild, Casey G. Chen, Mark C. Calaprice, Frank P. Detecting the antineutrinos emitted by the decay of radioactive elements in the mantle and crust could provide a direct measurement of the total abundance of uranium and thorium in the Earth.
		In calculating the antineutrino flux at specific sites, the local geology of the crust and the background from the world's nuclear power reactors are important considerations.
		Employing a global crustal map, with type and thickness data, and using recent estimates of the uranium and thorium distribution in the Earth, we calculate the antineutrino event rate for two new neutrino detectors.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?archiveID=oai:arXiv.org:nucl-ex/9710001 (1565 words)

	Antineutrino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Technically, what is produced in this decay is an antineutrino:
		If you don't know what this means, don't worry about it.
		My description of "neutrinos" applies equally well to antineutrinos.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/2000/isotopes/antineutrino.html (30 words)

	Photons, Neutrinos, And Their Anti-Particles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		By "helicity" they mean the "handedness" of the intrinsic spin angular momentum along the direction of motion, which is always -hbar/2 for a neutrino and +hbar/2 for an antineutrino.
		Moreover, they continue, "...it is not possible for an antineutrino, or a neutrino, to have a definite helicity...unless its rest mass is zero.
		If it had a non-zero rest mass, it would travel with velocity less than c, and we could always find a moving frame of reference in which its linear momentum would be reversed in direction...
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath246.htm (1226 words)

	CERN Courier - KamLAND narrows options for - IOP Publishing - article
		The KamLAND detector, which is based on 1 kilotonne of ultra-pure liquid scintillator, is located near Toyama in Japan, where it is exposed to electron-antineutrinos from 53 nuclear power reactors in Japan, as well as Japanese research reactors and reactors outside Japan.
		Moreover, improvements in the analysis have allowed the fiducial volume of the detector to be increased by 33%.
		The collaboration also found that the observed energy spectrum disagrees with the expected spectral shape in the absence of neutrino oscillations at the 99.9% confidence level.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/44/7/3/1 (324 words)

	Glossary Item - Neutrino
		He believed that they were necessary to explain some problems that scientists had noticed with beta decay.
		During beta decay, an atom's nucleus sheds excess energy by converting a neutron into a proton and an electron and, as scientists now know, an antineutrino.
		Scientists noticed that when atoms of a particular isotope underwent beta decay, they always lost the same amount of energy, but the electrons were ejected with a range of energies.
	education.jlab.org /glossary/neutrino.html (277 words)

	AllRefer.com - neutron (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		A nucleus with an excess of neutrons is radioactive; the extra neutrons convert to protons by beta decay (see radioactivity).
		In a nucleus the neutron can be stable, but a free neutron decays with a half-life of about 17 min (1,013 sec), into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino.
		The fact that the neutron possesses a magnetic moment suggests that it has an internal structure of electric charge, although the net charge is zero.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/neutron.html (356 words)

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