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Topic: Antipassive voice

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Grammatical tense

	Grammatical voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Voice, in grammar, is the relationship between the action or state expressed by a verb, and its arguments (subject, object, etc.).
		In English, the passive voice is a periphrastic construction, i.e.
		Ergative languages usually don't have a passive voice, since their syntactic structure doesn't agree with it; instead some have an antipassive voice that deletes the object of transitive verbs.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/gr/grammatical_voice_1.html (697 words)

	Antipassive voice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The antipassive voice is a verb voice found mostly in ergative languages.
		The antipassive works on transitive verbs by deleting the object (marked with the absolutive case) and changing the agent from ergative to absolutive.
		Antipassives frequently convey aspectual or modal information, and may cast the clause as imperfective, inceptive, or potential.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipassive_voice (179 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In grammar, voice is the relationship between the action or state expressed by a verb, and its arguments.
		antipassive voice that deletes the object of transitive verbs.
		Reflexive voice (the subject and the object of the verb are the same, as in I cut myself)
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Grammatical_voice.html (641 words)

	Glossary
		A voice usually found in ergative languages, in which a transitive verb becomes intransitive, its subject being changed from the ergative/agentive case to the absolutive/patientive case.
		The antipassive voice found in many ergative languages preserves the subject but demotes the object (detransitivization in ergative languages also demotes the subject in a way, by turning an agent into a patient).
		The ergative languages tend to have an antipassive voice that deletes the object (detransitivization), changing the subject from agent (ergative case) to patient (absolutive case).
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/nyh/glossary.html (4857 words)

	How to create a language: Verbs
		Voice change is a grammatical operation that shifts arguments from their original places and may increase or decrease the valency of the verb.
		One of my newest languages, Terbian, has an applicative voice, which promotes an optional (oblique) complement to the object position, with a special marking on the verb that shows the general function of the original complement (did it refer to a position or place, to a destiny, to a source?).
		In Terbian there is a kind of antipassive voice that also acts on intransitive verbs with complements by promoting one complement to the subject position and demoting the original subject: 'the cat sleeps on the mat' becomes 'the mat *sleeps the cat'.
	193.85.148.25 /clovek/dorozumivani/jazyk/zpracovani_prirozeneho_jazyka/Gramatiky/How_to_create_a_language/how_verbs.html (1737 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		However, voice alternations in YM seem to be additionally sensitive to the relationship between the semantic role and the discourse status of event participants, especially the discourse topic.
		The voice alternations correlate with whether the DT is the agent or not: in (14), the evil sisters are the DT, whereas in (15), the king is the DT.
		The crucial consequence of the choice of the PSV versus the AF voice for the predicate poch' 'insult' is that the O-argument of perception verb in (16) cross-references a verbal clause while the O-argument in (17) cross-references a nominal element (that is further specified by a verbal clause).
	www.stanford.edu /~juditht/papers/CLS39-final.doc (5202 words)

	The Lexical Semantics of a Machine Translation Interlingua
		A grammatical voice change starts with a basic verb and rearranges the argument structure by increasing or reducing the topicality of one core argument relative to another, but without changing the basic meaning of the verb.
		As we saw with the verb meaning 'to shout (at)', grammatical voice alterations are useful for creating speech act verbs which never take a patient as a direct object, such as the A/F-s [+P] verb "to dictate", as in "He dictated the letter (to his aide)".
		Since middle derivations indicate that the demoted argument is generic, the lack of a middle voice change indicates that the argument must either be explicitly specified or is intentionally being withheld by the speaker.
	www.eskimo.com /~ram/lexical_semantics.html (17321 words)

	grammatical voice Information Center - grammatical voice
		Many deponent grammatical voice verbs in Latin are also survivals of the Indo-European middle voice; many of these in turn survive as obligatory pseudo-reflexive verbs in the Romance languages such as French and Spanish.
		Ergative languages usually do not have a passive voice, since their syntactic structure does not agree with it; instead some have an antipassive voice that deletes the object of transitive verbs.
		Despite being a topic-prominent language, Japanese employs the passive voice quite frequently, and has two types of passive voice, one that corresponds to that in English and an indirect passive not found in English.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_Cr_-_G/grammatical_voice.html (674 words)

	Active Monitor
		Voice, in grammar, is the relationship between the action or stateexpressed by a verb, and its arguments (subject, object, etc.).
		Many deponent verbs in Latin are also survivals of the Indo-European middle voice; many of these inturn survive as obligatory pseudo- reflexive verbs in the Romance languages such as French and Spanish.
		Ergative languages usually don't have a passive voice, sincetheir syntactic structure doesn't agree with it; instead some have an antipassive voice that deletes the object of transitive verbs.
	www.lottery-news.net /dust46466-active_monitor.html (640 words)

	Lexical Verbs
		Grammatical Voice is the mechanism used in ámman îar to modify the valency or argument structure of the predicate.
		Voice changes can also remove arguments from the argument structure, while implying that they still exist, and make the missing arguments either obliquely expressible or not expressible at all.
		This is distinguished from the active voice expression that has a pronominal reference to some specific patient that is hot.
	www.graywizard.net /Conlinguistics/amman_iar/ai_lexical_verb.htm (1885 words)

	Grammatical voice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In other languages, such as Latin, the passive voice is simply marked on the verb by inflection: poemam legit "He reads the poem"; poema legitur "The poem is read".
		Some scholars (notably Rhodes) have analyzed this as a kind of obligatory passivization dependent on animacy, while others have claimed it is not a voice at all, but rather see inversion as yet another kind of alignment type, parallel to nominative/accusative, ergative/absolutive, split-S, and fluid-S alignments.
		In both cases, the verb's participle is used as the complement (as is sometimes the case in English).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grammatical_voice (1089 words)

	Passive Voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Antipassive voice - The antipassive voice is a verb voice found mostly in ergative languages.
		These are distinct from the linguistic notions of agent and patient, as demonstrated by the fact that the passive voice in English modifies the mapping between agent/patient and subject/object.
		Voice Stress Analyzer - Voice Stress Analyzer Mediopassive voice - The mediopassive voice is a grammatical voice which subsumes the meanings of both the middle voice and the passive voice.
	www.urobreeders.com /passivevoice.html (1268 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		Mayan languages also show a set grammatical and typological features that set it apart from other languages of mesoamerica such as the use of a wide range of "positionals" to signal position of objects, ergative morphosyntactic alignment and elaborate systems of voice and aspect including several types of passive and antipassive constructions.
		Proto-Mayan had an antipassive rule, downplaying the importance of the agent in relation to the patient, and at least one passive construction.
		Other voice related constructions occurring in mayan languages are the mediopassive, the incorporational voice (incorporating a direct object into the verb), the instrumental voice (promoting the instrument to object position), and referential voice (a kind of applicative promoting an indirect argument like benefactive or recipient to the objct position).
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Mayan_language (5683 words)

	Dapnant Verbs
		The voice system of Dapnant is a little unusual in that the voices solely control the argument structure of verbal case assignments.
		This voice changes all of the argument roles, moving the "original indirect object" into the subject position, the subject position into the object position, and the object into the indirect object position.
		Use of this voice is mandatory when the subject and object are the same (though the object need not be omitted).
	cs-people.bu.edu /dgd/dapnant/verbs.html (1210 words)

	ARTXIKER :: BROWSE
		In this article examples of passive voice and antipassive voice of the same verb are given.
		On the plan of the language dynamics, there is on the one hand a construction rarely found in speech, that of the antipassive form, but which is natural in the linguistic consciousness of the speakers.
		The possibility of choosing between passive and antipassive voices to describe the same event brings not to consider this form of Basque, from this point of view, like not neither of an "accusative syntax", nor of an "ergative syntax".
	artxiker.ccsd.cnrs.fr /artxibo-00000003/en (243 words)

	Amazon.com: "antipassive voice": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A of the basic voice appears as an S, has in recent work on ergativity come to be called the antipassive voice: Bayi yara bagun d!ugumbilgu man-ABSOLUTIVE woman-DATIVE balgalVanyu.
		Antipassive voice is signalled by the verbal suffix -nnig, which precedes the third-person indicative ending (the grounding predication).
		In this language, the actor is always the controller for rellexivization, regardless of whether the clause is active or antipassive voice.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/antipassive-voice (539 words)

	[No title]
		The Vilani passive voice has a much purer, stronger semantic sense of helplessness or lack of control, and in order to distinguish it from English uses of the passive, perhaps could be termed the “involuntary” or “nonvolitional” voice.
		In the Vilani antipassive, it is the object which is deleted and only optionally re-cast in a peripheral case; the original transitive agent simply becomes an intransitive subject: From “Eneri poured the beer” one arrives at “Eneri poured” or “Eneri poured with the beer” (hyper-literally).
		Secondly, a root suffix +I forms de-transitive verbs, or antipassives*, in which the agent of the underlying transitive verb is promoted to subject role and the underlying patient is deleted.
	eaglestone.pocketempires.com /lang/vilani/Vilani_Grammar.html (9734 words)

	How to create a language
		Voicing: whether the vocal chords are vibrating (voiced) or not (voiceless or unvoiced).
		Voicing is a very usual contrast in Western Indoeuropean languages, not so in many other language families, where this distinction is not made (so in fact p and b, or t and d, are regarded as exactly the same sound).
		One of my languages, Terbian, has an applicative voice, which promotes an optional (oblique) complement to the object position, with a special marking on the verb that shows the general function of the original complement (did it refer to a position or place, to a destiny, to a source?).
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/nyh/how__all.html (18726 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.1065: Antipassive and Reflexive
		The overwhelming majority of reflexive (and antipassive) markers in Pama-Nyungan languages are reflexes of this.
		Could the morpheme in your example, and perhaps in the case of others that you mention in passing, be a middle voice marker rather than reflexive.
		Another case, I would suggest, is languages whose former reflexive marker now codes antipassive, but which in the meantime have innovated a new reflexive marker.
	linguistlist.org /issues/6/6-1065.html (567 words)

	friday - conference program - the chicago linguistic society
		I crucially show that structural case is available for the object in the former but not in the latter.
		Our results are compared with the distribution of bilingual TX German discourse markers such as 'you know' and 'weisst du' (you know) in order to show that Matras' (1998) pragmatic detachability hierarchy is not universally applicable.
		On a voice analysis (Rude 1985, Crook 1999), Type 1 is active, whereas Type 2 is antipassive.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /orgs/cls/program_f.html (1418 words)

	Language Log: When men were men, and verbs were passive
		That's the verbal voice, not the attitude towards life, though the composition mavens sometimes get the two mixed up.
		Arnold Zwicky found that the Avoid Passive rule originated in U.S. composition handbooks early in the 20th century (perhaps first in Strunk's 1918 Elements of Style), along with a metaphorical association between passive verbs and weakness.
		Because George Orwell recommended Passive Avoidance in his essay "Politics and the English Language", Geoff Pullum quoted an ironic observation from The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of English Usage: "Bryant 1962 reports three statistical studies of passive versus active sentences in various periodicals; the highest incidence of passive constructions was 13 percent.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/003414.html (1400 words)

	MAYAVASE.COM - FAMSI - PRECOLUMBIAN ART - Comments on K8941 Maya Celt
		The translation is awkward since English does not usually use "to take" in an antipassive voice, although perhaps one vague parallel could be when paint or other applied substance "takes," i.e.
		It's an antipassive form, /ch'am-w-iiy/, for "receive," followed by what I would take to be the object being received -- perhaps the celt itself.
		Often antipassives involve object incorporation: i.e., "He celt-receives," "he-k'awiil-receives." But the possessive here is a bit weird, to be sure.
	www.mayavase.com /8941/com8941.html (384 words)

	The Moderate Voice - Passive Voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sometimes it's impossible to eliminate passive voice, or the use of active voice results in clumsy phrasing.
		Funny enough, the great example I use to illustrate why passive voice is so bad is the very example you cite: "Mistakes were made." As if nobody made those mistakes.
		--The Moderate Voice is not be responsible for injury or liability to any reader or commenter resulting from its own communications or those of commenters, that may be offensive, misleading, inaccurate, illegal, or otherwise unsuitable in the view of the reader.
	www.themoderatevoice.com /posts/1162070684.shtml (1177 words)

	Jingree
		All consonants are voiced except for the fricatives /s/ and /h/.
		There are three main valency reducing processes: the reflexive, which allows a transitive subject to be elided when it is identical with the transitive object; the passive, which converts a transitive object to an intransitive subject; and the antipassive, which converts an agent/transitive subject to an intransitive subject.
		In this construction, the ergative subject is converted to an absolutive experiencer, and the absolutive object (if there is one) is shifted to the oblique case and moved to the end of the clause.
	www.morosophy.com /sun/jingree/sodhlawe.html (2402 words)

	Passive Of Imperative - UsingEnglish.com ESL Forum
		As far as I'm concerned, the passive voice, unless it is used for effect by a skilled writer, is an error in student writing.
		The passive voice has many uses, the best of which is the avoidance of endless repetition of pronouns.
		The writers are all college graduates and they seem to fear the passive voice (I believe from constant negative feedback).
	www.usingenglish.com /forum/ask-teacher/28504-passive-imperative.html (972 words)

	Active Voice - Information
		An appears but expresses middle For example, syntactically but semantics middle Many deponent middle many of voices: passive, causative, passive since their antipassive that deletes passive as frequently.
		Voice itself could sending packets is soprano which reached soprano voice.
		She created nasal is a speaking characterized by astronomer active 1986 2002 astronomer 1996 1997 astronomer since 2002 been in television s work as active voice.
	home.tiscali.de /onlineinfo/active-voice.html (313 words)

	University of Chicago: Department of Anthropology: Courses and Workshops
		Certain restrictions on the use of honorific pronouns with transitive verbs have been noted for certain dialects, such that intransitive verbs, derived by both passive and antipassive voice morphology, are sometimes preferred over simple transitives when using honorific pronouns.
		Astamaya uses irony to expose the contradictions between her personal desire in the face of the brutal forces of tradition, and thereby transforms this seemingly static tale into a moment of social action and innovation.
		These different voices enable her to provide a message for her daughter, who is a listener and participant in the story, and to make a trenchant and ironic critique of marriage.
	anthropology.uchicago.edu /courses/michicago/1999.shtml (4951 words)

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