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	Antiphospholipid syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antiphospholipid syndrome (or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome) is a disorder of coagulation which causes thrombosis in both arteries and veins, as well as recurrent miscarriage.
		Antiphospholipid syndrome is tested for in the laboratory by using a minimum of two coagulation tests that are phospholipid sensitive.
		Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease, in which antibodies react against anionic phospholipids on cell membranes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antiphospholipid_antibody_syndrome (629 words)

	Antiphospholipid Syndrome
		Antiphospholipid Syndrome is a disorder in which the blood clotting system begins to form blood clots in the veins or arteries without obvious reason.
		Antibodies are proteins produced by the body's immune system to identify and remove foreign proteins, bacteria and viruses.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies also may appear for a short time during a viral infection and may disappear soon after the viral infection is completely resolved.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/umantiphos.htm (777 words)

	Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, also known as Hughes Syndrome, is a disorder characterized by multiple different antibodies that are associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis (clots).
		The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is an autoimmune phenomenon.
		The role of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in both arterial and venous thrombotic disorders is an active area of clinical research.
	www-admin.med.uiuc.edu /hematology/PtAPS.htm (1308 words)

	Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (Lupus Anticoagulant)
		Antibodies to negatively charged phospholipids are associated with a predisposition to both arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent fetal wastage, and thrombocytopenia.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies were found in 16% of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, and at a statistically greater prevalence than in women who had successful pregnancies (7%) as well as those who had never been pregnant (3%).
		The association between antiphospholipid antibodies and an increased risk of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome (aPS) patients is probably caused by numerous mechanisms, including the effects of antibodies to phospholipid-binding proteins such as beta(2)-glycoprotein I and prothrombin.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/antiphospholipid_antibody.htm (5584 words)

	Antiphospholipid Antibodies And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The presence of both the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody is increased in lupus patients who have had thrombotic (blood clotting) complications such as deep venous thrombosis ("thrombophlebitis"), stroke, gangrene, and heart attack.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies interfere with the normal function of blood vessels, both by causing narrowing and irregularity of the vessel (called "vasculopathy"), and by causing clots in the vessel (called "thrombosis").
		If the woman has antiphospholipid antibodies and is pregnant for the first time, or has had normal pregnancies in the past, no treatment may be advised.
	www.hamline.edu /lupus/articles/Antiphospholipid_Antibodies_and_Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus.html (1078 words)

	antiphosphlolipid disorders
		Antibodies to phospholipids (antiphospholipid antibodies) can be found in the blood of some people with lupus, but they are also seen in people without any known illness.
		Among women with recurrent pregnancy losses antiphospholipid antibodies have reported to be present in 11%-22%.
		It has yet to be proven but many researchers think the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may exist in a state of remission or exacerbation similar to other diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
	hygeia.org /poems4.htm (658 words)

	[No title]
		Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies.
		Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), most commonly anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and a positive lupus-anticoagulant test (LAC) (1).
		Antiphospholipid antibodies are a family of autoantibodies directed against epitopes on plasma proteins that are in complex with negatively charged phospholipids.
	www.arthritis.org /research/Bulletin/Vol52No3/Printable.htm (2534 words)

	Antiphospholipid Antibodies: The Test
		Antiphospholipid testing is used to help determine the cause of an unexplained thrombotic episode, recurrent fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, and/or a prolonged aPTT test.
		If an antiphospholipid antibody is detected, the same test(s) may be ordered 8 to 10 weeks later to determine whether their presence is persistent or temporary.
		Antiphospholipid antibody testing may be ordered when a patient has symptoms suggestive of a thrombotic episode, such as pain and swelling in the extremities, shortness of breath, and headaches.
	labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/antiphospholipids/test.html (670 words)

	Antiphospholipid Antibodies - Lupus Foundation of America, Inc.
		These antibodies react with proteins in the blood that are bound to phospholipid, a type of fat molecule that is part of the normal cell membrane.
		It is not necessary to have lupus to have the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome.
		Pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid antibodies are considered to be "high risk pregnancies." It is necessary for the obstetrician/gynecologist to work closely with the rheumatologist or other physician who evaluates a woman with miscarriages for antiphospholipid antibodies.
	www.lupus.org /education/brochures/antiphos02.html (1316 words)

	Immunology and Uveitis Service \| Medical Professionals \| Articles \| Case Reports
		Antiphospholipid syndrome is defined as the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, arterial or venous thrombosis, recurrent spontaneous abortions, and thrombocytopenia.
		The diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome is based on the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies - anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies in the aethiology of ischaemic optic neuropathy.
	www.uveitis.org /medical/articles/case/antiphospholipid_syndrome.html (1774 words)

	APSCORE: Lab Tests for Antiphospholipid Antibodies: What Are They? What Do They Mean? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The story of antiphospholipid antibodies begins in the early 1900s, not with blood clots and lupus, but with efforts to develop blood tests for syphilis.
		Antibodies, as you may remember, are proteins in the blood that are produced in response to substances the body perceives as "foreign." (Antibodies neutralize these foreign invaders and so produce immunity against certain microorganisms and their toxins.
		The results of anticardiolipin antibody tests are typically expressed as a number of units, and there are ranges for negative, borderline or low positive, medium positive, and high positive values.
	www.apscore.org /roubey1.php (2224 words)

	Antiphospholipid Syndrome - Arthritis and arthritic conditions, medications, and treatment on MedicineNet.com
		The antiphospholipid syndrome is a disorder of the immune system that is characterized by excessive clotting of blood and/or certain complications of pregnancy (premature miscarriages, unexplained fetal death, or premature birth) and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (cardiolipin or lupus anticoagulant antibodies) in the blood.
		Harmless antiphospholipid antibodies can be detected in the blood for a brief period occasionally in association with a wide variety of conditions, including bacterial, viral (hepatitis, HIV), and parasite (malaria) infections.
		Nevertheless, the antiphospholipid antibody (a protein) is not considered a normal blood protein and has been found in patients to be associated with a number of illnesses.
	www.medicinenet.com /antiphospholipid_syndrome/article.htm (501 words)

	Molecular Pathogenesis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome -- Rand 90 (1): 29 -- Circulation Research
		mice, and in mice infused with anti–VCAM-1 antibodies.
		A monoclonal IgG anticardiolipin antibody from a patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome is thrombogenic in mice.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against epitopes of oxidized phospholipids: recognition of cardiolipin by monoclonal antibodies to epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/90/1/29 (5959 words)

	American Family Physician: Antiphospholipid antibodies and management of pregnancy - Tips from Other Journals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is an association of antiphospholipid antibodies with one or more clinical events including arterial or venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia and recurrent pregnancy loss.
		The prevalence of antiphospholipid anti-bodies in the general population is 2 to 5 percent and is highest in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
		The importance of a positive test result for antiphospholipid antibodies in the absence of a history of clinical manifestations is uncertain.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n4_v55/ai_19235335 (514 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Antiphospholipid antibodies
		Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) were first described by Wassermann et al in 1906.1 The Wassermann test was a complement fixation procedure using saline extracts from the liver of fetuses with congenital syphilis.
		The term antiphospholipid antibodies is a misnomer in the majority of patients presenting with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS).10 There are 2 distinct groups of antibodies, some of which react only with phospholipids (true antibodies to phospholipids, in most cases infection-induced).
		Antiphospholipid antibodies bind to beta^sub 2^-GPI primarily in the third and fourth sushi domains.18 However, there is some controversy.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200211/ai_n9155592 (1150 words)

	Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
		The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS) is multisystem, autoimmune disease, which is characterized by: thrombosis, obstetrics complications and thrombocytopenia.
		Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, Hughes' syndrome) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and recurrent foetal loss, accompanied by mild to moderate thrombocytopaenia and elevated titres of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs): lupus anticoagulant (LAC) and/or anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies. PubMed.
		There is a close relationship between the cutaneous manifestation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and the activities of Grave's disease and a possible link of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with Grave's disease was suggested both by the etiology of the disease as well as the disease activity.
	www.sclero.org /medical/symptoms/associated/antiphospholipid/a-to-z.html (1991 words)

	Ask Dr. Stephan Moll - Antiphospholipid antibodies
		: Presence of b2-glycoprotein-I antibodies is an indicator of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
		Lipoprotein(a) is not associated with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies are often positive at the time of an acute clot, but turn negative a few weeks later.
	www.fvleiden.org /ask/21.html (831 words)

	Antiphospholipid antibodies and infections -- Asherson and Cervera 62 (5): 388 -- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
		Antiphospholipid antibodies and infections -- Asherson and Cervera 62 (5): 388 -- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
		Antiphospholipid antibodies in leprotic patients: a correlation with disease manifestations Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000;18:492–4.
		Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus-derived peptide cause thrombosis and activation of endothelial cells in vivo.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/62/5/388 (4860 words)

	MSRGSNet/Genetic Drift/Teratogen Update/Maternal Disorders
		Forty-four percent of SLE patients have anticardiolipin antibodies and 34% have lupus anticoagulant.
		Pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies are at an increased risk for placental infarction and thrombosis, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
		Treated and untreated pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies are also at increased risk to deliver a growth-retarded child; the risk for IUGR may be as high as 60%.
	www.mostgene.org /gd/gdvol12e.htm (2289 words)

	ANA negative SLE, antiphospholipid antibodies - Health and Medical Information produced by doctors - MedicineNet.com
		I have a patient with SLE with antiphospholipid syndrome.
		Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is defined by having certain specific conditions (such as thrombophlebitits, premature miscarriage, thrombocytopenia, livedo reticularis, multiple cerebral infarctions, and transverse myelitis) in the presence of abnormal antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood.
		The common antibodies that are searched for in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome include cardiolipin antibodies, VDRL or RPR, PTT, lupus anticoagulant, and double-stranded DNA antibody.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10777 (253 words)

	Antiphospholipid Antibodies From Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients Activate Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Antiphospholipid Antibodies From Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients Activate Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo -- Pierangeli et al.
		Antiphospholipid Antibodies From Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients Activate Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
		Conclusions—Activation of ECs by aPL antibodies in vivo
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/99/15/1997 (1009 words)

	Splenectomy for refractory thrombocytopenia in the antiphospholipid syndrome -- Galindo et al. 38 (9): 848 -- ...
		Antiphospholipid antibodies and the antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of 500 consecutive cases.
		Effect of antiphospholipid antibodies on procoagulant activity of activated platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles.
		Prevalence and clinical significance of elevated antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/38/9/848 (2619 words)

	Antiphospholipid Syndrome
		Whether elevated cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidylethanolamine antibodies are a cause of stroke or are only a marker of the presence of other precursors of stroke remains unknown.
		In view of the noninflammatory nature of the condition and the presence of autoantibodies, therapy with anticoagulation and plasmapheresis is recommended.
		Presence of antiphospholipid antibodies does not necessarily indicate an increased risk for thrombosis.
	www.neuroland.com /cvd/aps.htm (792 words)

	Company Abstracts - ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES AGAINST DOMAIN...
		Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a hypercoagulative disorder that has been implicated in stroke, deep vein thrombosis, thrombocytopenia and recurrent fetal loss.
		The current study examined affinity purified antibodies from 10 APS patients for their ability to influence the inactivation of factor Va. All 10 patient antibodies demonstrated a delay in factor Va inactivation relative to normal IgG controls.
		Furthermore, the relative effect of these antibodies on factor Va inactivation could be segregated by titrating the antibodies to no effect concentrations.
	www.ljpc.com /abstracts/abstract_1999_antiphos_against.html (320 words)

	Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Stroke in Young Women * Editorial Comment -- Brey et al. 33 (10): 2396 -- Stroke
		Elevated anticardiolipin antibody titer is a stroke risk factor in a multiethnic population independent of isotype or degree of positivity.
		The frequency of phospholipid antibodies in an unselected stroke population.
		Comparison of the effects of anticardiolipin antibodies from patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and with syphilis on platelet activation and aggregation.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/10/2396 (4167 words)

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