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Topic: Antipope Adalbert

	Antipope - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals).
		The earliest antipope, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	www.biocrawler.com /w/index.php/Antipope (1111 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church
		The papal dignity sank to a still lower level under the nephew of John XIX, Benedict IX, whose elevation to the papal throne at the age of twenty was secured by his family through simony and violence.
		When the Romans set up an antipope, Sylvester III, in opposition, Benedict wavered for a time in doubt whether he ought not to resign; finally he relinquished the pontificate to his godfather John Gratian for 1000 pounds of silver.
		The antipope Anacletus II with his protector, King Roger II of Sicily, was attacked by Emperor Lothair, who took up the cause of Innocent II.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14257a.htm (12101 words)

	Italy
		In the later days of the Margravate, it became a battlefield of the conflict between the German Emperors and the Popes.
		The final family of Margraves was of the house of Attoni, founded by Atto Adalbert, son of the Baron Siegfried of Lucca, who helped Queen Adeleide of Italy escape the attentions of King Berengar II, protecting her at Canossa castle.
		Antipope at Pisa, Alexander V, Francesco II Crippa
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (10172 words)

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