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Topic: Antipope Anacletus II

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	Antipope Anacletus II - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		January 25 1138) was an Antipope who ruled from 1131 to his death, in a schism against the contested hasty election of Pope Innocent II.
		He was elected as Pope Innocent II, but the Pierloni faction did not accept the result and proclaimed him as Anacletus II.
		The most important of these was a duke, William X of Aquitaine, who decided for the antipope against the will of his own bishops and the influential support of Roger II of Sicily, whose title of "King of Sicily" Anacletus had approved shortly after his accession.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Anacletus_II (386 words)

	Encyclopedia: Antipope Anacletus II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Honorius II, né Lamberto Scannabecchi (from 1117 Cardinal Lambert of Ostia) (died February 13, 1130), was Pope from December 21, 1124 to February 13, 1130.
		The sole member of the house of Supplinburg to hold the titles, Lothar II (1075-1137) became duke of Saxony in 1106, king of Germany in 1125 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1133.
		William X of Aquitaine (1099 â€“ April 9, 1137), nicknamed the Saint was Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitiers as William VIII of Poitiers between 1126 and 1137.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Antipope-Anacletus-II (916 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Anacletus II
		Though in a hopeless minority, they had the advantage that four of their number were cardinal bishops, to whom the legislation of Nicholas II had entrusted the leading part in the election.
		The consecration was performed by the Bishop of Ostia, to whom that function specially belongs." Meanwhile Anacletus maintained his popularity in Rome by the lavish expenditure of his accumulated wealth and the plundered treasures of the churches.
		When Anacletus died, the preference of the Romans for Innocent was so pronounced that the antipope, Victor IV, whom the party chose as his successor, soon came as a penitent to St. Bernard and by him was led to the feet of the Pope.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01447a.htm (1118 words)

	Pope Lucius II
		Lucius II was pope from March 12, 1144 until his death on February 15, 1145.
		It must be ascribed chiefly to his exertions that Lothair III[?] made two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Innocent II against the Antipope Anacletus II[?].
		His stormy pontificate was marked by the erection of a revolutionary republic at Rome which sought to deprive the pope of his temporal power, and by the recognition of papal suzerainty over Portugal.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Lucius_II.html (263 words)

	Anacletus II (d. 1138) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		antipope from 1130 to 1138 whose claims to the papacy against Pope Innocent II.
		Anacletus, backed by most Romans and by the Frangipani, forced Innocent to flee from Rome to France, where he was supported by Abbot St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who attacked Anacletus' Jewish ancestry.
		Although Anacletus was allied with the ambitious and powerful Roger II after investing him as king of Sicily (1130), Innocent's supporters, including the Holy Roman emperor Lothair III.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/AntipopeAnacletus-II/AntipopeAnacletus-II.html (260 words)

	Anacletus II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Anacletus II Anacletus II Anacletus II, born Pietro Pierloni, (died January 25, 1138) was an Antipope that ruled between 1131 to his death, in a schism against the rightful elected Pope InnocentII.
		On 1130, Pope Honorius II was dying and Pietro wasdetermined to succeed him, even if it meant huge bribery.
		Despite the fact, Innocent II was forced to leavethe city and live in Pisa, while Anacletus II occupied Rome.
	www.therfcc.org /anacletus-ii-283612.html (287 words)

	Antipope Anacletus II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pietro was born in a powerful (An inhabitant of the ancient Roman Empire) Roman family and, as second son, was destined to the church.
		He was elected as (Click link for more info and facts about Pope Innocent II) Pope Innocent II, but the Pierloni faction did not accept the result and proclaimed him as Anacletus II.
		Due to Roger's powerful support of Anacletus, Innocent II was forced to leave Rome and live in (A city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower) Pisa, while Anacletus occupied Rome.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/an/antipope_anacletus_ii1.htm (366 words)

	Pope Lucius II - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born in Bologna, he became canon in his native city, then Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, later treasurer of the Roman Church, papal legate in Germany for Pope Honorius II and later for Pope Innocent II.
		In 1144 he met Roger II of Sicily at Ceperano to clarify the duties of Roger as vassal of the Holy See.
		The Roman Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the pope during the pontificate of Innocent II and was dissolved by Lucius, was resurrected, encouraged by Lucius' defeat.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Lucius_II (294 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the XII Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antipope Theodoric was elected in September 1100 and deposed in January 1101.
		Antipope Celestine II was elected on December 15/16, 1124.
		Antipope Innocent III was elected on September 29, 1179 and deposed in January 1180.
	www.stjohnxxiii.com /Cardinals/The_Cardinals_of_the_Church/consistories-xii.htm (6884 words)

	Antipope Anacletus II
		Antipope Anacletus II Anacletus II, born Pietro Pierloni, (died January 25 1138) was an Antipope that ruled between 1131 to his death, in a schism against the rightful elected Pope Innocent II.
		The most important of these was duke William X of Aquitaine who decided for the antipope against the will of its own bishops.
		Saint Bernard of Clairvaux was Innocent's most eloquent supporter and convinced all the supporters of Anacletus to join the true pope's side.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/antipope_anacletus_ii (358 words)

	Roger II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		c.1095–1154, count (1101–30) and first king (1130–54) of Sicily, son and successor of Roger I. He conquered (1127) Apulia and Salerno and sided with the antipope Anacletus II against Pope Innocent II.
		Innocent rallied Holy Roman Emperor Lothair II and other allies against Roger but was defeated in 1139.
		Naples and Capua recognized Roger’s sovereignty; Innocent was obliged to invest him with the lands that, for the next seven centuries, were to constitute the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ro/Roger2.html (204 words)

	Lateran Councils
		If Calixtus II adopted the simple method of announcing these canons, and asking the assembly to assent, it would be no more than what a series of popes and their legates had been doing, in one country after another, at all the councils of the last seventy-five years.
		Calixtus II was no despot ordering submission to novelties now decreed, but the victorious leader of the episcopate, and the representative of other leaders now departed, thanks to whose intelligence and fortitude the episcopate everywhere had been liberated from the thrall of tyrants indeed, its dignity restored and its spiritual prestige renewed.
		When Calixtus II died, in 1124, there was elected in his place, the Cardinal Lambert who had negotiated the great concordat, a veteran of the papal service and one of the last survivors of the band who had stood around Urban II in the grim years that followed the death of Gregory VII.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/lateran.htm (16763 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the death in 1130 of Honorius II, a majority of cardinals elected Pierleoni Pope Anacletus II, and a minority had earlier elected Gregory Papareschi Innocent II.
		The 1134 Council of Pisa, convoked by Innocent, excommunicated Anacletus, who continued, with the aid of Roger II of Sicily, to hold Rome.
		From 1136-37, Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire attacked Rome and undermined popular support for Anacletus, who was suspected of wishing to turn the Church's material wealth over to the Jews.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/antianacletus.html (201 words)

	Antipope Anacletus II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antipope Anacletus II Anacletus II, Pietro llevado Pierloni, (muerto de enero el 25 de 1138) era un Antipope que gobernó entre 1131 a su muerte, en un schism contra la elección precipitada disputada de papa Innocent II.
		Ambos papas permanecían en Roma y Anacletus intentado para ganar a la población para su lado pasando cantidades enormes en de su fortuna regalos y los partidos exuberantes.
		A pesar de el hecho, forzaron al innocent II salir de la ciudad y vivir en Pisa, mientras que Anacletus II ocupó Roma.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/an/Antipope%20Anacletus%20II.htm (407 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ephesus, Council of Ephesus, Council of, 431, 3d ecumenical council, convened by Theodosius II, emperor of the East, and Valentinian III, emperor of the West, to deal with the controversy over Nestorianism.
		The council attempted to heal the wounds left by the schism of the antipope Anacletus II (d.
		Lateran Council, First Lateran Council, First, 1123, 9th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, summoned by Pope Calixtus II to signal the end of the investiture controversy by confirming the Concordat of Worms (1122).
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=%40DOCKEYWORDS+rccoun&rc=10&fh=1&fr=11&clientIp=12%2E161%2E198%2E34&userAgent=Mozilla%2F4%2E0+%28compatible%3B+MSIE+6%2E0%3B+Windows+NT+5%2E1%3B+YComp+5%2E0%2E0%2E0%3B+SV1%3B+%2ENET+CLR+1%2E0%2E3705%29 (506 words)

	Antipope Victor IV: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Antipope Victor IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antipope Victor IV: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Antipope Victor IV Quick Research: Antipope Victor IV
		Cardinal Gregorio Conti, who was chosen by a party in succession to the antipope Anacletus II[?] on March 13, 1138, but through the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux was induced two months afterwards to make his submission to Innocent II
		Cardinal Octavianus, the Ghibelline antipope, elected in 1159, and countenaced by the emperor Barbarossa[?].
	www.encyclopedian.com /an/Antipope-Victor-IV.html (117 words)

	Roger II (1095-1154) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The antipope Anacletus died in 1138 and in the following year, after routing a papal army at Galluccio and taking the Pope captive, Roger forced Innocent to confirm him in the Kingdom of Sicily, with the overlordship of all Italy south of the Garigliano River.
		Despite his repeatedly expressed wish to rest in Cefalù, the King was buried in the cathedral at Palermo, having created, in a Europe rent by schism and exhausted by the Crusades, not just a kingdom but a political and religious climate in which all races, creeds, and cultures were equally encouraged and equally favoured.
		A full biography of Roger II in English is John Julius Norwich, The Normans in the South (U.S. title, The Other Conquest, 1967), which takes the story of the Norman conquest of South Italy and Sicily up to Roger's coronation in 1130; and its sequel, The Kingdom in the Sun 1130–1194 (1970).
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Roger-II/Roger-II.html (1241 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lothair II (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Lothair II also called Lothair III, 1075–1137, Holy Roman emperor (1133–37) and German king (1125–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. His predecessor invested him with the duchy of Saxony in 1106, but after 1112 Lothair, in several rebellions, successfully championed local independence against the royal authority.
		In Italy, Lothair promised his support to Pope Innocent II, whose election was disputed.
		After the defeat of the Hohenstaufen he returned (1136) to Italy and campaigned successfully against Roger II of Sicily, supporter of the antipope Anacletus II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lothair2.html (352 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Lucius II
		In all these legations he loyally supported the interests of Innocent II, and it must be ascribed chiefly to his exertions that Lothair III made two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Innocent II against the antipope, Anacletus II.
		Towards the end of the pontificate of Innocent II he was appointed papal chancellor and librarian.
		The new pope took the name of Lucius II; shortly after his accession he had a conference with King Roger of Sicily at Ceperano early in June, 1144, for the purpose of reaching an understanding with the king regarding his duties as a vassal of the Apostolic See.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09412a.htm (490 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born in Bologna, Gherardo Caccianemi was a deacon at St. Frediano in Lucca before Callixtus II appointed him cardinal priest of Santa Croce in 1124.
		Caccianemi served Honorius II as legate to Germany and Innocent III as governor of Benevento.
		Giordano Pierleoni, brother of antipope Anacletus II, incited the Romans to rebel against Lucius, who died in 1145 of wounds received as he led an assault against the rebels.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/luciusii.html (130 words)

	Most Holy Family Monastery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Moreover, in judging that John Paul II is a heretic and is not the Pope (and is therefore an Antipope), one is not judging the Holy See; rather, as the teaching already quoted shows, one is correctly identifying that a manifest heretic is outside the Church and therefore cannot occupy the Holy See.
		Antipope John Paul II has repeatedly repudiated this dogma, a dogma taught by the Catholic Church for 2000 years, defined infallibly by the Council of Florence, and affirmed clearly by Pope Benedict XIV.
		Antipope John Paul II teaches that Eastern Schismatics (the so-called Orthodox) should not be converted to the Catholic Church.
	www.mostholyfamilymonastery.com /Why_JP2_Cannot_Comprehensive.html (7999 words)

	The Ultimate Second Council of the Lateran Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The second Lateran, and tenth ecumenical council was held by Pope Innocent II in April 1139, and was attended by close on a thousand clerics.
		Its immediate task was to neutralize the after-effects of the schism, which had only been terminated in the previous year by the death of Antipope Anacletus II (d.
		All consecrations received at his hands were declared invalid, his adherents were deposed, and King Roger II of Sicily was excommunicated.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran (157 words)

	Encyclopedia: Antipope Victor IV (1138) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This article refers to the former Cardinal Gregorio Conti, antipope in 1138.
		The second is Cardinal Octavianus, the Ghibelline antipope, elected in 1159, and countenanced by the emperor Barbarossa.
		Antipope Victor IV, born Gregorio Conti was chosen by a party in succession to the antipope Anacletus II on March 13, 1138, but through the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux was induced two months afterwards to make his submission to Innocent II.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Antipope-Victor-IV-%281138%29 (238 words)

	February 23, 2000 VOYAGE ON THE BARQUE OF PETER Series: (feb23bar.htm)
		In the continuing line of papal supremacy, Blessed Pope Urban II was succeeded by Pope Paschal II, the 160th successor of Peter, who overlapped the eleventh and twelfth century from 1099-1114.
		Innocent II was forced to flee and seek refuge with Lothair who in 1133 escorted him back to Rome and, with a show of force and a show of respect, kissed the Pope's feet and personally held the Holy Father's mule bridle as he led Innocent triumphantly into Rome.
		He also had to contend with the sons of Roger II who wanted the spoils of the papal states at all costs and took advantage of the Vatican's consumption with the Italian family riots which ultimately caused the death of Lucius when he was stoned trying to mediate an extremely grave rebellion.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/2000Feb/feb23bar.htm (2315 words)

	Antipope Victor IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antipope Victor IV terms defined : Antipope Victor IV
		Victor IV:- Two antipopes have claimed this name:1.
		Already the pinch of corruption had nipped his flesh; he was.
	www.termsdefined.net /an/antipope-victor-iv.html (279 words)

	Antipope Constantine II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antipope Constantine II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Antipope Constantine II was an (Click link for more info and facts about antipope) antipope from (Click link for more info and facts about 767) 767 to (Click link for more info and facts about 768) 768, during the reign of (Click link for more info and facts about Pope Stephen IV) Pope Stephen IV.
		He was killed by the (A member of a Germanic people who invaded northern Italy in the 6th century) Lombards.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/An/Antipope_Constantine_II1.htm (84 words)

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