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Topic: Antipope Anastasius

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	Anastasius Bibliothecarius
		Anastasius learned Greek from Greek monks, and obtained an unusual education for his era, so that he appears to be the most learned ecclesiastic of Rome in the barbaric period of the ninth century.
		During the reign of Nicholas I (855-67) Anastasius was abbot of the monastery of the Virgin Mary on the farther side of the Tiber (in Trastevere), and he was employed by the pope in various matters.
		Anastasius was in correspondence with the deposed Byzantine patriarch, Photius, and sought to mediate between the patriarch and the pope and also to assuage the controversy over the Holy Ghost by assuming that the Latins understood the procession (processio) of the Holy Ghost from the Son in the sense of transmission (missio).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/anastasius_bibliothecarius.html (703 words)

	Anastasius Bibliothecarius
		After a reconciliation Anastasius became papal librarian and disputed with the Greek Orthodox theologian Photius, patriarch of Constantinople (858-867; 878-886), over the question of the Holy Spirit's relationship within the Christian Trinity, a controversy crucial to Eastern and Western doctrinal differences leading to open schism.
		Anastasius' Latin translations of the council's proceedings and compilation of other documents relating to the monothelite controversy contributed to the history of Western theology.
		Included in Anastasius' major writings are commentaries on the influential 6th-century Neoplatonic philosopher Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and probably the accounts of Popes Nicholas I and Adrian II in the Liber pontificalis (Latin: "The Book of the Popes"), an essential source for the history of primitive Christianity.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/A/Anastasius_Bibliothecarius.html (308 words)

	Antipope - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals).
		The earliest antipope, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Antipope (1111 words)

	Antipope
		Hippolytus ended his life, however, in exile during Roman imperial persecution in the mines on the island of Sardinia in the company of Callixtus's successor Pope Pontian, and was reconciled to the Catholic Church.
		There has not been an antipope since 1449 - more recent schisms like the Church of England are controlled by lay sovereigns who do not want to have an ecclesiastical rival or begin like the Old Catholic Church in a rejection of a primary dogma of the papacy.
		Antipope Gregory XVII self-proclaimed in 1978 in Spain
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Antipope.html (338 words)

	Antipope_anastasius info here at en.articles-on-stress-of.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Anastasius experienced the Greek language from Eastern Roman monks und grabed an ten civilization for era, such that he recurs to be the best experienced ecclesiastic of Rome in the barbaric course of the 9th century.
		During the reign of Pope Nicholas I (855-867) Anastasius was abbot of Santa Maria in Trastevere on the postern of the Tiber und was plugging away by the Pope in separate matters.
		Anastasius was in with the deposed Byzantine patriarch, Photius, und sought to mediate amidst the patriarch und the pope und stable to assuage the row completed the Holy Ghost by assuming that the Latins understood the procession (processio) of the Holy Ghost from the Son in the faculty of transmission (missio).
	en.articles-on-stress-of.info /Antipope_Anastasius (915 words)

	Wikinfo \| Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the case of certain periods of turbulence in the Roman Catholic Church, elections later determined to have been invalid have set up claimants to the Papacy, and usually in opposition to a specific pope.
		The earliest of these, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		It would not necessarily have been evident, during periods when two (or three) rival claimants existed, which was the antipope, and which was the pope, and the clear-cut distinctions made between them in retrospect can give a false sense that certainty existed among their contemporaries.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Antipope (506 words)

	Antipope Anacletus II - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		January 25, 1138) was an Antipope who ruled from 1131 to his death, in a schism against the contested hasty election of Pope Innocent II.
		Pietro, of Jewish descent, was born to the powerful Roman family of the Pierleoni, the son of the Consul Pier Leoni.
		The most important of these was a duke, William X of Aquitaine, who decided for the antipope against the will of his own bishops and the influential support of Roger II of Sicily, whose title of "King of Sicily" Anacletus had approved shortly after his accession.
	www.medbib.com /Antipope_Anacletus_II (445 words)

	Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An antipope is a person who makes a widely accepted claim to be the lawful Pope, in opposition to the Pope recognized by the Catholic Church.
		Antipopes are typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinals.
		Persons who claim to be the Pope but have few followers, such as the modern Sedevacantist antipopes, are not generally counted as antipopes (though they techically are), and therefore ignored for regnal numbering.
	www.qq818.info /en/Antipope.htm (699 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the IX Century
		[Antipope] John was elected by the populace of Rome on January 25, 844.
		He was deposed, anathematized and excommunicated in the Council of Rome on December 16, 850, in Ravenna on May 29, 853 and again in Rome on December 8, 853.
		At the death of Pope Leo IV, he had himself elected Antipope Anastasius III on September 21, 855.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm (2110 words)

	Popes of the Roman Catholic Church - Table - MSN Encarta
		Thus, John XVI was an antipope, and yet the next pope to take the name styled himself John XVII.
		John XXIII was an antipope; the modern John XXIII ignored him altogether and took the same name and numeral.
		An identical case is that of Antipope Victor IV and Pope Victor IV.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefMedia.aspx?refid=701500629 (609 words)

	Antipope Anastasius III
		Anastasius Bibliothecarius, nephew of Arsenius, bishop of Orta.
		Anastasius' supporters, most likely championed by his uncle Arsenius, bishop of Orta, secretly met with the delagates and bribed them to persuade Louis II that Anastasius was to be pope.
		In 869 he was sent by Louis II as part of a royal delegation to Constantinople to arrange a marriage between Ermengard, the daughter of Louis II, and Leo VI, oldest son of Basil I, the Eastern emperor.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=119 (403 words)

	The Pope Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A rival claimant to the papacy who might be elected, appointed, installed, or even proclaim himself to be the legitimate pontiff; such an individual is said by the Church to have assumed the title of pope illegally or in opposition to the legitimate pope.
		The antipope was a fairly common occurrence during the Middle Ages, and most were often pathetic Churchmen who were propped up by powerful rulers, such as a Holy Roman Emperor, during a feud with the Holy See over various issues.
		Some antipopes were also present in the early Church, when competing parties in Rome offer their own candidate for the papacy.
	media.isnet.org /kristen/Ensiklopedia/AntiPope.html (253 words)

	Popes 401 - 500 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Anastasius had the singular misfortune of being Pope during the beginning of the barbarian invasions of the West.
		A Roman, possibly the son of Pope Anastasius I. He was unanimously chosen Pope by the people and clergy.
		When Anastasius suddenly dropped dead, quite a number of people on both sides of the issue attributed it to the wrath of God.
	www.popesonparade.com /lists/500.html (1710 words)

	Antipope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An antipope is one who, in opposition to the generally recognized Pope, makes a widely accepted claim to be the lawful Pope.
		Hippolytus was exiled to the mines on the island of Sardinia in the company of Callixtus' successor Pope Pontian, was reconciled to the Catholic Church before his death, and has been canonized by the Church.
		The Catholic Encyclopedia also mentions a Natalius[1], before Hippolytus, as first antipope, who, according to Eusebius's EH5.28.8-12, quoting the Little Labyrinth of Hippolytus, after being "scourged all night by the holy angels", covered in ash, dressed in sackcloth, and "after some difficulty", tearfully submitted to Pope Zephyrinus.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Antipope (494 words)

	ANASTASIUS IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Anastasius is blamed also by the famous historian Otto of Freising for appeasing the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
		Anastasius not only received the embassy, but he approved of the translation and gave Wichmann the pallium.
		But Anastasius died before Frederick could arrive, and the pope he was to deal with was the calm, capable Englishman Hadrian IV.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp166.htm (344 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Anastasius Bibliothecarius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The latter was a Roman presbyter, later cardinal-priest, excommunicated by Pope Leo IV, 850.
		His successor, Nicholas I, appointed as librarian, 867, an Anastasius who had been Abbot of Sancta Maria Trans-Tiberim, Rome, 858-867, and, if the same as the antipope, he must have been pardoned by Nicholas.
		Anastasius the librarian was appointed legate to Constantinople, 869, where he assisted at the Eighth AEcumenical Council and translated its "Acts" into Latin.
	www.catholic-forum.com /SAINTS/ncd00502.htm (113 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the X Century
		Antipope Christopher led the revolt that deposed and imprisoned Pope Leo V in September 903.
		(1) Consecrated [Antipope?] Leo VIII on December 6, 963 and was anathematized and deposed of his cardinalitial dignity by Pope John XII in the Council of Letran celebrated in February 964.
		(2) Consecrated [Antipope?] Leo VIII on December 6, 963 and was anathematized and deposed of his cardinalitial dignity by Pope John XII in the Council of Letran celebrated in February 964.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-x.htm (2447 words)

	Antipope Anastasius - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Anastasius III Bibliothecarius (circa 810- 879) was an antipope of the Roman Catholic church, during the year of 855.
		Anastasius was called "bibliothecarius" because he later served as the librarian of the Church, being named there around 867 by pope Adrian II at a time when this was an influential position in the papal court.
		According to some scholars Anastasius the antipope and Anastasius the librarian are two different persons, while according to others they are one and the same.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1351195 (328 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Anastasius Bibliothecarius
		He was also active as an author, and translated Greek works into Latin, one of these being the biography of St. John the Almsgiver, which he dedicated to Nicholas I.
		The successor of Nicholas, Adrian II (867-72), appointed Anastasius librarian of the Roman Church, an important office which gave him much influence at the papal Court.
		The "Liber Pontificalis", which was formerly ascribed to him, was not written by him; he seems to have shared in the revision of the "Life" of Nicholas I.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/16002b.htm (818 words)

	Popes of the Roman Catholic Church (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Leo VII, 963–65, or Benedict V, 964–66 (one of these was an antipope)
		antipope: Clement III, 1080–1100 (see Guibert of Ravenna)
		antipope: Clement VII, 1378–94 (see Robert of Geneva)
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/popesTABLE.html (91 words)

	Pope Anastasius IV - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		He had taken part in the double election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of Antipope Anacletus II and, when Pope Innocent II fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy.
		During his short pontificate, however, he played the part of a peacemaker; he came to terms with the emperor Frederick I in the vexed question of the appointment to the see of Magdeburg and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert (d.
		Anastasius died on the 3rd of December 1154, and was succeeded by Cardinal Nicholas of Albano as Pope Adrian IV.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Pope_Anastasius_IV (262 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (101-150)
		Elected as an Antipope, he reigned for a few months despite many vicissitudes with his predecessor and his successor Benedict V. He forbade the laity to enter the presbitery during solemn functions.
		On the death of the antipope, Otto 1, because of the pressure of the Franks, Germans and Romans, recognised the validity of his investiture.
		Forced to flee to Pavia, the Antipope John XVII was nominated by Crescentius and reigned for almost a year.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope101_150.htm (2660 words)

	Antipope Nicholas V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci (died October 16, 1333) was an antipope in Italy from May 12, 1328 to July 25, 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII (1316–34) at Avignon.
		He was the last Imperial antipope, that is, set up by a Holy Roman Emperor.
		Rainalducci was born at Corvaro, an ancient stronghold near Rieti in Lazio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V (343 words)

	Anastasius Bibliothecarius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		810-879) was a librarian and supposed antipope of the Roman Catholic Church.
		In 869 he was sent by Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor as envoy to Constantinople, with two men of high rank in the Frankish Empire, to negotiate a marriage between Leo VI the Wise, oldest son of the Byzantine emperor Basil I, and the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor.
		The successor of Adrian II, Pope John VIII (872-882), also esteemed Anastasius, confirmed him in the office of librarian, entrusted important affairs to him, and encouraged him to further literary work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Anastasius (811 words)

	History of the Mass (2histort.htm)
		The Emperor's only request was to beg leniency for Anastasius and his cohorts in a move to unify his crumbling kingdom and prestige.
		The experience moved the former antipope greatly for Anastasius not only repented and was reinstituted into the Church but went on to become a counselor to the next three pontiffs.
		A year later it was discovered that Anastasius had no part in the murders and he was reinstated in the Church and regained his old office in the papal chancery as counselor.
	www.dailycatholic.org /2histort.htm (2626 words)

	Antipope Christopher - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		Christopher was an antipope from October 903 to January 904, probably dying that year.
		Some say he was a legitimate pope, and although he did not become pope in the usual way, he was recognized as pope some time later.
		He's now considered an antipope by the Church authorities.
	www.medbib.com /Antipope_Christopher (491 words)

	Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An antipope is a person who makes a widely accepted claim to be teh lawful Pope - inside opposition to teh Pope recognized by teh Catholic Church.
		Antipopes are typically those supported by a fairly significant faction 0f cardinals.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during teh struggles between teh Popes & teh Holy Roman Emperors 0f teh 11th & 12th centuries.
	www.demandtwinother.info /Antipope (1286 words)

	Pope Siricius - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Siricius, Bishop of Rome from 17 December 384 until his death on 26 November 399, was successor to Damasus and was himself succeeded by Anastasius I.
		He was the author of two decrees concerning clerical celibacy.
		He was elected unanimously, despite Antipope Ursinus’s attempt to promote himself.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Siricius (193 words)

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