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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pedro de Luna
		Nevertheless Benedict XIII sought to preserve entire freedom of action in his relations with the King of France and the University of Paris.
		Benedict was at last obliged to treat with his enemies; in an understanding with his cardinals he pledged himself to renounce the papacy if the Roman pope would do likewise.
		Benedict XIII now renewed the interrupted negotiations with the Roman pope, and in 1404 sent four envoys to Rome, to suggest to Boniface IX that some safe spot should be chosen for a meeting between the two popes and both colleges of cardinals, and thus by mutual agreement put an end to the schism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09431c.htm (1987 words)

	St. Vincent Ferrer
		A brother, not unknown to history, was Boniface Ferrer, General of the Carthusians, who was employed by the antipope Benedict XIII in important diplomatic missions.
		In 1409 he was commissioned by Benedict XIII to announce to Martin of Aragon the death of his only son and heir.
		On 6 January, preaching at Perpignan, he declared anew to the vast throng gathered around his pulpit that Benedict XIII was the legitimate pope, but that, since he would not resign to bring peace to the Church, Ferdinand had withdrawn his states from the obedience of Avignon.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/ferrer,saint_vincent.html (1399 words)

	Antipope Benedict XIII - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		On the death of Urban VI in 1389 the Italian cardinals had chosen Boniface IX; the election of Benedict therefore perpetuated the Papal Schism.
		The Council of Constance brought this state of matters to an end and Benedict XIII fled to Penyiscola, a coastal town in the northern border of the Kingdom of Valencia.
		Benedict abdicated in 1417, but was recognised by Scotland, Castile, Navarre and Aragon until his death in 1424.
	www.music.us /education/A/Antipope-Benedict-XIII.htm (420 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Born Pedro de Luna in 1328, Antipope Benedict XIII was a canon lawyer and a cardinal deacon when in 1378, he voted to elect Urban VI to the papacy.
		Benedict was elected at Avignon on the condition that he abidicate if necessary to end the schism between Avignon and Rome.
		When the Council of Pisa deposed him and Pope Gregory XII in 1409, Benedict refused to resign.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/benedictxiii.html (181 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Benedict XIII, born Pedro MartÃnez de Luna, (1328 - 1423) was an Aragonese, and is considered by many Roman Catholics an Antipope.
		Benedict should not be confused with the Roman Pope Benedict XIII, who reigned from 27 May 1724 to 21 February 1730.
		Benedict, on the other hand, refused to stand down, so he was declared a schismatic and excommunicated from the Catholic Church by the Council of Constance on July 27 1417.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=antipope_Benedict_XIII (1108 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Benedict XIII, born Pietro Francesco Orsini, and later in religion Vincenzo Maria Orsini (Gravina di Puglia, February 2, 1649 - February 23, 1730) was pope from 1724 to 1730.
		At first, he called himself Benedict XIV (due to the superstition alleging that the number thirteen brings bad luck), but afterwards altered the title.
		He was a reforming pope and endeavoured to put a stop to the decadent lifestyles of the Italian priesthood and of the cardinalate.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/pope_benedict_xiii.html (128 words)

	Antipope Benedict XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On the death of Urban VI in 1389 the Italian cardinals had chosen Boniface IX; the election of Benedict therefore perpetuated the Papal Schism.
		The Council of Constance brought this state of matters to an end and Benedict XIII fled to Penyiscola, a coastal town in the northern border of the Kingdom of Valencia.
		Benedict abdicated in 1417, but was recognised by Scotland, Castile, Navarre and Aragon until his death in 1424.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Antipope_Benedict_XIII (212 words)

	Poor Impulse Control » Theology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Benedict II was most notable for the fact that his papacy was not confirmed for a whole year after his election, due to difficulties in obtaining permission from Emperor Constantine IV to be the Pope.
		Benedict IX was elected Pope at the age of 12, and, by all accounts, reached puberty in record time.
		Benedict X was declared an antipope after some minor irregularities in his election campaign came to light.
	poorimpulsecontrol.redrag.net /category/theology (2197 words)

	Antipope Benedict XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Antipope Benedict XIII, born Pedro de Luna, a Spaniard, was chosen by the French cardinals on the death of Clement VII in 1394.
		The greater portion of the church refused to recognze him, and in 1397 the French church, which had supported him, withdrew from allegiance to both popes, and in 1398 Benedict was imprisoned in his own palace at Avignon.
		Benedict abdicated in 1417, but was recognised by Scotland and Spain until his death in 1424.
	www.purpleuniverse.com /true_associate-Antipope_Benedict_XIII.html (155 words)

	Antipope Adalbert Information
		Antipope Theodoric was arrested and imprisoned in January, 1101.
		The followers of Antipope Clement III, encouraged by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, then gathered in the Basilica of SS.
		In great alarm the assembly hastily broke up; but while Albert, the newly elected Antipope, who was the Bishop of Sabina, contrived to make his escape to the Basilica of St. Marcellus, many of his party were seized and were roughly handled.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Antipope_Adalbert (258 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Additions 2007
		Upon learning the news of the death of the cardinal, Pope Benedict XVI prayed for the eternal repose of his soul and sent telegrams of condolence to the archbishop of Montréal, Cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte, and to Father Lawrence B. Terrien, superior general of the "Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice".
		On April 14, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation to the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Utrecht, Holland, presented by Cardinal Adrianus Johannes Simonis, in conformity to canon 401 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law.
		On February 2, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation to the pastoral government of the archdiocese of Münich und Freising, Germany, presented by Cardinal Friedrich Wetter, in accordance to canon 401 §1 of the Code of Canon Law.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/additions-07.htm (6579 words)

	Benrik (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Benedict intervened in the conflict between the sons of Lothair I (the future Lothair II, Louis II and Charles the Bald) on the latter's death.
		Benedict was entirely unsuited to be pontiff; he reportedly led an extremely dissolute life, although in terms of theology and the ordinary activities of the Church he was entirely orthodox.
		Benedict X was then allowed to go free, and he retired to one of his family estates; but Hildebrand then had him imprisoned in 1060 in the hospice of St. Agnese, where he died, still a prisoner, sometime around 1073 or 1080.
	www.benrik.co.uk /content/blog.asp?entryID=22141 (3904 words)

	Antipope - Thagodz Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		An antipope is a person who makes a widely accepted claim to be the lawful Pope, in opposition to the Pope recognized by the Roman Catholic Church.
		Antipopes are typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinals.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	www.thagodz.com /search/wiki/?title=Antipope (927 words)

	STOLEN SKULL OF SPANISH ANTIPOPE RECOVERED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Spanish police have recovered the skull of a 14th century Spanish antipope, stolen in April from a ruined palace and held for ransom by semi-literate thieves, the Interior Ministry said on Wednesday.
		The cranium, all that is left of Benedict's remains, was removed in April from a ruined palace in Savinan, a remote town in the central Spanish region of Aragon.
		The mayor of nearby Illueca, where Benedict was born Pedro de Luna, received three badly written ransom notes threatening to throw the skull in the river if he did not pay, newspapers reported at the time.
	www.cathnews.com /news/009/66.html (169 words)

	The Advocate - Last Benedict a peacemaker
		St. Benedict, who lived from about 480 to 547, was an Italian nobleman from Nursia who was sent to Rome to study but fled the city when he found it too degenerate, according to church historians.
		Several of the early Benedicts lived during a period of unrest in the church, when the papacy was contested at times by rival bishops.
		The recognized Benedict XIII was known as a reformer during his six-year reign from 1724 to 1730, but there also was an antipope named Benedict XIII who claimed the papacy in 1394.
	www.stamfordadvocate.com /news/nationworld/chi-0504200172apr20,0,4103421.story?coll=sns-ap-tv-headlines (796 words)

	Pope Benedict XIII information - Search.com
		Benedict XIII, O.P., born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini (Gravina di Puglia, February 2, 1649 – February 21, 1730), was pope from 1724 to 1730.
		At first, he called himself Benedict XIV (due to the superstition alleging that the number thirteen brings bad luck), but afterwards altered the title to Benedict XIII.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	www.search.com /reference/Pope_Benedict_XIII (238 words)

	Antipope John XXIII Information
		Antipope John XXIII, antipope of the Pisan party (1410–1415), (about 1370 – November 22, 1419), was born as Baldassare Cossa.
		Cardinal Baldassare Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May of 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those belonging to the obedience of Antipope Benedict XIII, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.
		The North American student fraternity Kappa Sigma claims that its origins stem from Cossa's governorship of Bologna, where his campaign of assault and robbery against the students of the University of Bologna led to a secret organization under the teacher Manuel Chrysoloras for mutual protection against Cossa's brigands.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII (455 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		antipope A person who claims or exercises the office of pope (PAPACY) in opposition to the true pope of the time.
		There have been about 35 antipopes in the history of the Catholic Church, the last being Felix V (1439–49).
		Important antipopes were Novatian ; Clement III (see Guibert of Ravenna); Nicholas V (see Rainalducci, Pietro); Clement VII (see Robert of Geneva); Benedict XIII...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=antipope&StartAt=1 (788 words)

	Popes Benedict: The Other Fourteen
		Benedict of Nursia, the sixth-century (480-547) founder of western monasticism, and to Pope Benedict XV, whose pontificate spanned the First World War and who sought to bring peace and healing to both a divided Church and a fractured world.
		The second Benedict, a little more than a hundred years after the first, is described as a humble, gentle lover of the poor, who held the office for less than a year with no particular distinction other than faithfulness.
		Benedict XIII didn’t cede gracefully, as did the others, and continued to claim the papacy until his death in 1423.
	www.olaclaremont.org /resources/allbenedicts.htm (3072 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistories of the XV Century
		After the death of Antipope Benedict XIII, which occurred on May 23, 1423, Gil Sánchez Muñoz Dousel, canon of Barcelona, was elected antipope and took the name Clement VIII.
		Antipope Clement VIII abdicated on July 26, 1429 and died on December 28, 1445.
		In this consistory, Antipope Felix V created pseudocardinal Zbigniew Oleśnicy, bishop of Kraków, Poland, but in a courteous letter dated October 4, 1441, the bishop thanked the antipope for the nomination but declined because he had already been promoted to the cardinalate by Pope Eugenius IV on December 18, 1439.
	www.fiu.edu /%7Emirandas/consistories-xv.htm (3319 words)

	St Malachy's Prophecy of the Popes \| Catholic-Pages.com
		Leo XIII was a veritable luminary of the papacy.
		St Benedict is said to have prophesied that before the end of the world, a member of his order would be Pope and would triumphantly lead the Church in its fight against evil.
		Since he is said to have remarked in the Conclave after saying he would take the name Benedict that it was partly to honour Benedict XV, a pope of peace and reconciliation, perhaps Benedict XVI will be a peacemaker in the Church or in the World, and thus carry the olive branch.
	www.catholic-pages.com /grabbag/malachy.asp (1527 words)

	The Antipopes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Benedict XIII (1394-1423) was an antipope, a papal rival elected in Avignon during the second Great Schism (1378-1417).
		But Benedict XIII proved to be one of the most enduring antipopes.
		Even as the kings of France, Germany and England were asking him to abdicate the crown, Benedict's resolution to remain pontiff created a swell of popular support.
	www.shelltown.net /~cwoodard/pope/time310.htm (142 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Vincent Ferrer
		Ferrer, General of the Carthusians, who was employed by the antipope Benedict XIII in important diplomatic missions.
		penance", but Pedro de Luna, recently raised to the papal chair as Benedict XIII, cited the case before his tribunal and burned the papers.
		On 6 January, preaching at Perpignan, he declared anew to the vast throng gathered around his pulpit that Benedict XIII was the legitimate pope, but that, since he would not resign to bring peace to the Church, Ferdinand had withdrawn his states from the
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15437a.htm (1244 words)

	The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod - Christian Cyclopedia
		Clement VII was followed by Benedict XIII (see Benedict XIII, 1).
		The 1409 Council of Pisa* tried to depose Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected Alexander V (Petros Philargos; Pietro di Candia; ca.
		But Gregory XII and Benedict XIII refused to submit to the council, with the result that 3 claimed to be pope.
	www.lcms.org /ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=s&word=SCHISM (906 words)

	St Vincent Ferrer
		In 1409 the false Council of Pisa declared that Gregory XII and Benedict XIII were not true popes and elected antipope Alexander V, who was soon succeeded by antipope John XXIII.
		Benedict XIII tried to hang on, but after a trial held in his absence the Council deposed him.
		The Council then elected Pope Martin V. An antipope is a person claiming to be Pope who was not duly elected or proclaimed while a duly elected Pope was still in office.
	www.secondexodus.com /html/patronsaints/stvincentferrer.htm (1597 words)

	Christianity / gnosticism / antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals; in the twentieth century, their special secret meeting, called conclave, however applies the age limit for eligibility).
		Some of these antipopes have developed their own religious infrastructure in recognition that the conventional popes are not likely to consider ceding authority to them, thus being at once antipopes of the Universal Church and popes of their particular sect.
		Sedevacantist antipopes frequently refer to the conventional successors of Pope Pius XII as a series of antipapacies.
	www.christianity-guide.com /christianity/antipope.htm (1343 words)

	Pope Innocent VII at AllExperts
		When they were bluntly told that Benedict XIII would never abdicate (indeed he never did), the cardinals proceeded to an election.
		His rival, antipope Benedict XIII, made it appear that the only obstacle to the termination of the Western Schism was the unwillingness of Innocent VII.
		It is hardly necessary to say that he showed no favour to the proposal that he as well as Benedict XIII should resign in the interests of peace.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/po/pope_innocent_vii.htm (913 words)

	Benedict XIII - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Benedict XIII (circa 1328-1423), antipope (1394-1423) in Avignon, France, during the Great Western Schism (1378-1417), when the Roman Catholic...
		The title of Pope is given to the bishop of Rome who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Benedict XVI, born 1927, pope since 2005, the first German pope since Victor II, who died in 1057, and the first noted scholar in theology to be...
	encarta.msn.com /Benedict_XIII.html (123 words)

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