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Topic: Antipope Paschal

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	Antipope Paschal III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antipope Paschal III (or Paschal III) was Antipope from 1164 to September 20, 1168.
		Paschal III was the second of the antipopes to challenge the reign of Pope Alexander III.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Paschal_III (191 words)

	Antipope - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals).
		The earliest antipope, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Antipope (1111 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of cardinals of the XII Century
		Antipope Theodoric was elected in September 1100 and deposed in January 1101.
		Antipope Celestine II was elected on December 15/16, 1124.
		Antipope Innocent III was elected on September 29, 1179 and deposed in January 1180.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm (6898 words)

	Antipope Clement VIII dgun.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Clement VIII was one of the antipopes of the Avignon line, reigning from 10 June 1423 to 26 July 1429.
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals; in the twentieth century, their special secret meeting, called conclave, however applies the age limit for eligibility).
		(See Western Schism, Antipope Benedict XIII.) It would not necessarily have been evident, during periods when two (or three) rival claimants existed, which was the antipope, and which was the pope, and the clear-cut distinctions made between them in retrospect can give a false sense that certainty existed among their contemporaries.
	www.dgun.org /en/Antipope+Clement+VIII (7740 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections and conclaves by century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Antipope Theodoric was arrested and imprisoned in January 1101.
		Paschal III died of cancer on September 20, 1168.
		Antipope Paschal III died on September 20, 1168.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xii.htm (6477 words)

	The Oxford Dictionary of Popes: Paschal III @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Paschal III (antipope 22 Apr. 1164–20 Sept. 1168).
		On the death of Victor IV, the first antipope set up against Alexander III by the pro-imperial party, at Lucca on 20 Apr. 1164, Rainald of Dassel, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's (1152–90) chancellor and vicar for Italy, on his own initiative had Guido of Crema, cardinal priest of S. Callisto, elected as his successor.
		Guido was consecrated as Paschal III at Lucca by the bishop of...
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1O99:PaschalIII/Paschal+III+.html?refid=ip_hf (157 words)

	November 20-22 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: (20noveve.htm)
		1168 A.D. Death of the antipope Paschal III who was set on the throne by the meddling, disobedient and excommunicated Emperor Frederick Barbarossa against the recognized soveriegn pontiff Pope Alexander III, 170th successor of Peter.
		Paschal, Frederick's puppet, had locked himself in a stronghold next to St. Peter's for protection and died there on this date.
		He is the only antipope who was declared a saint in the Roman martyrology.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/98Nov/20noveve.htm (567 words)

	Antelope to Antipope
		: An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election.
		: The earliest antipope, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		(See Western Schism, Antipope Benedict XIII.) : It would not necessarily have been evident, during periods when two (or three) rival claimants existed, which was the antipope, and which was the pope, and the clear-cut distinctions made between them in retrospect can give a false sense that certainty existed among their contemporaries.
	www.boardbot.com /boards/SPIRITLAND/99.html (1421 words)

	Strange Days - Discussion of All Matters - St Malachy's Prophecies -POPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) 6 Ex tetro carcere
		Antipope Calistus III (1168-1178) 8 De Pannonia Tusciæ
		Antipope Clement VII (1378-1394) 42 De cruce Apostilica
	www.campuscrawler.com /hosted/strangedays/forum/showthread.php?t=3 (1082 words)

	AllRefer.com - Popes of the Roman Catholic Church (table) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Before St. Victor I (189), dates may err by one year.
		Antipopes : i.e., those men whose elections have been declared uncanonical : are indicated.
		Leo VII, 96365, or Benedict V, 96466 (one of these was an antipope)
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/popesTABLE.html (210 words)

	List of the Roman Pontiffs
		Felix I was legitimate and II is commonly held to have been illegitimate as his reign occurred in the middle of that of Pope Liberius, but Bellarmine thinks him legitimate and all accord him the number II.
		Paschal I and II were legitimate, but III illegitimate.
		Number VII was an antipope whose number was re-used by another antipope who may have for a brief spell become true pope (though this is disputed).
	www.sedevacantist.com /pontiffs.html (652 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Popes of the Roman Catholic Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Leo VII, 963-65, or Benedict V, 964-66 (one of these was an antipope)
		antipope: Clement VII, 1378-94 (see Robert of Geneva)
		antipope: Benedict XIII, 1394-1423 (see Luna, Pedro de)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/popesT1A1B1L1E1.asp (423 words)

	Lateran Councils
		The Second Lateran Council (1139) was convoked by Pope Innocent II to reaffirm the unity of the church after the schism (1130-38) of the antipope Anacletus II (d.
		The council also adopted canons forbidding simony and the marriage of clergymen, and it annulled the ordinances of the antipope Gregory VIII (reigned 1118-1121).
		A serious schism had arisen out of this conflict, and after Victor IV two antipopes were nominated in opposition to Alexander III, namely Paschal III (1164-1168) and Callistus III (1168-1178).
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/lateran.htm (16494 words)

	Antipope Did You Mean antipope
		Image: Antipope Felix V, the last historical Antipope.
		Bernard Garnier (the first Benedict XIV), antipope of the Avignon line, 1425?c.
		Francis Konrad Schuckardt (Hadrian VII), self-proclaimed in 1984 in Washington, United States of America before leaving the TLRC (later the CMRI) in Washington State, U.S.A. Independents and Antipopes of other groups
	www.did-you-mean.com /Antipope.html (1209 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Numerical summary of the cardinals and pseudocardinals created created by the 16 popes and of this century.
		[Antipope] Celestine II (1124) - no information found about creation of Pseudocardinals by this Antipope
		Of these cardinals, 15 were declared saint or blessed; 12 became popes; 4 became antipopes; 23 were deposed; and 98 occupied episcopal sees.
	stjohnxxiii.com /Cardinals/The_Cardinals_of_the_Church/guide-xii.htm (1054 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of January 28
		Popular devotion to Charlemagne took root chiefly at the time of the great quarrel among the pope, Frederick Barbarossa, and the antipope Paschal III.
		Charlemagne's cultus developed about 1166 under the influence of Frederick Barbarossa and the antipope Paschal III.
		Nevertheless, Benedict XIV, before ascending the Chair of Peter, decided that the former emperor was entitled to be called "blessed" because he provided the Church with such great protection (Attwater2, Benedictines, Coulson, White).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0128.htm (3365 words)

	From Peter to Benedict: The List of Popes \| The-Tidings.com
		The following men have led the Catholic Church as pope.
		An antipope is defined by the Catholic Encyclopedia as "a false claimant of the Holy See in opposition to a pontiff canonically elected."
		Sylvester III (1045) -- Considered by some to be an antipope
	www.the-tidings.com /2005/0422/popelist.htm (222 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paschal III
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		The second antipope in the time of Alexander III.
		He was elected in 1164 to succeed Cardinal Octavian, who, under the name of Victor IV, had warred so many years against Alexander III.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11515a.htm (88 words)

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