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Topic: Antipope Silvester IV

	PAPACY,
		Bl is the abbreviation of blessed, the second title conferred during the process of canonization, declaring the person one of the blessed.
		John XXIII (1410–15) was an antipope; the modern John XXIII (1958–63) ignored him altogether and took the same name and numeral.
		An identical case is that of Antipope Victor IV (1138) and Pope Victor IV (1159–64).
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=218579 (2477 words)

	Antipope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An antipope is a person who makes a widely accepted claim to be the lawful Pope, in opposition to the Pope recognized by the Roman Catholic Church.
		Antipopes are typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinals.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope (787 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		A medieval legend says that Leo IV was succeeded by a woman, Pope Joan, mascarading as a man. The legend says that she was found out when she gave birth to a baby while riding in procession from St. Peter's to the Lateran.
		Silvester was a reformer who worked with his friend the emperor, Otto III (996-1002), to change the church.
		By this agreement the eastern church agreed to recognize the primacy of the pope and the existence of Purgatory, the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist, and the recital of the Filioque in the creed.
	emp.byui.edu /marrottr/352Folder/Popes-History.html (22508 words)

	Antipope Sylvester IV Information
		Sylvester IV was a claimant to the papacy from 1105 to 1111.
		After his election, Maginulfo took the papal name of Sylvester IV and was consecrated in the Church of St. Maria Rotonda (the Pantheon) and was enthroned in the Lateran on November 18, 1105.
		When Paschal II returned to Rome the next day, Sylvester IV left for Tivoli and finally settled in Osimo, Province of Ancona, under the protection of Count Guarniero di Ancona.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_IV (256 words)

	Popes of the Roman Catholic Church - Table - MSN Encarta
		Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Bl.
		John XXIII was an antipope; the modern John XXIII ignored him altogether and took the same name and numeral.
		An identical case is that of Antipope Victor IV and Pope Victor IV.
	encarta.msn.com /media_701500629/Popes_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Church.html (609 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		Amadeus VIII 1383-1451, count (1391-1416) and duke (from 1416) of Savoy, antipope (1439-49) with the name Felix V. In 1434 he appointed his son regent of Savoy and retired to the hermitage of Ripaille, on Lake...
		His rule was marked by the support of St. Cyprian and the opposition of the antipope Novatian, and by the problem of readmitting to the church Christians...
		Eugene IV 1383-1447, pope (1431-47), a Venetian named Gabriele Condulmer; successor of Martin V. He was of exemplary character and ascetic habits.
	www.encyclopedia.com /category/Philosophy_and_Religion/Christianity/popebio.html (4310 words)

	Antipope Nicholas V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci (died October 16, 1333) was an antipope in Italy from May 12, 1328 to July 25, 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII (1316–34) at Avignon.
		He was elected through the influence of the excommunicated Emperor, Louis IV the Bavarian, by an assembly of priests and laymen, and consecrated at St.
		On February 19, 1329 Nicholas V presided at a bizarre ceremony in the Duomo of Pisa, at which a straw puppet representing Pope John XXII and dressed in pontifical robes was formally condemned, degraded, and handed over to the secular arm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Nicholas_V (372 words)

	Pope Damasus I - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		A group of Damasus' supporters, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, attacked and killed rivals loyal to Liberius' deacon Ursinus, in a riot that required the intervention of Emperor Valentinian I to quell.
		The upper-class partisans of Felix supported the election of Damasus, but the opposing supporters of Liberius, the deacons and laity, supported Ursinus; the two were elected simultaneously (Damasus election was held in San Lorenzo in Lucina), in an atmosphere of rioting.
		The former antipope continued to intrigue against Damasus for the next few years, and unsuccessfully attempted to revive his claim on Damasus's death.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Damasus_I (1654 words)

	Page 413
		Yet pope and emperor were not entirely at one, Rome was committed to neither, and the death of Otto, Jan. 23, 1002, broke the prospects of realization of Silvester's plans and his further hopes of greatness.
		Silvester's reputation was principally for great learning, which was so great that he was accounted a sorcerer.
		He was an idealist in politics, and this gave an air of insincerity to his attempts, while self-seeking is not to be eliminated from the motives which ruled his action.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc10/htm-old/0431=413.htm (1020 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (101-150)
		Elected as an Antipope, he reigned for a few months despite many vicissitudes with his predecessor and his successor Benedict V. He forbade the laity to enter the presbitery during solemn functions.
		On the death of the antipope, Otto 1, because of the pressure of the Franks, Germans and Romans, recognised the validity of his investiture.
		Forced to flee to Pavia, the Antipope John XVII was nominated by Crescentius and reigned for almost a year.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope101_150.htm (2660 words)

	Popes - Table - MSN Encarta
		Thus, John XVI (997-998) was an antipope, and yet the next pope to take the name styled himself John XVII (1003).
		John XXIII (1410-1415) was an antipope; the modern John XXIII (1958-1963) ignored him altogether and took the same name and numeral.
		An identical case is that of Antipope Victor IV (1138) and Pope Victor IV (1159-1164).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /media_461532637_761554644_-1_1/Popes.html (527 words)

	Pope Pius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In 1435 he was sent by Cardinal Albergati, Eugene IV's legate at the council, on a secret mission to Scotland, the object of which is variously related even by himself.
		But soon after 1442, the council elected Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, as an antipope, Aeneas, perceiving that the council's position was in the long run untenable, found a pretext for withdrawing to the Emperor Frederick III's (1440–93) court at Vienna.
		Being sent on a mission to Rome in 1445, with the ostensible object of inducing Eugenius to convoke a new council, he was absolved from ecclesiastical censures, and returned to Germany under an engagement to assist the Pope.
	72.232.68.234 /cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/687474703a2f2f656e2e77696b6970656469612e6f72672f77696b692f506f70655f506975735f4949 (1816 words)

	17th Council, Council of Florence [Basel(Basle), Ferrara] (A.D. 1431-1445)
		Council of Basle (1431), Eugene IV being pope, with 200 Bishops present and Sigismund Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Pope Eugene IV confirmed this decree for Basel, and the first session was held on 14 December, 1431.
		Believing it would become unruly, Eugene IV dissolved the council within four days, angering the Bishops at Basel, who began to reassert the heretical decrees at Constance that "a general council is superior to the Pope".
	www.catholicbook.com /AgredaCD/Ecumenical_Councils/Florence.htm (12149 words)

	Pope_Alexander_III Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory
		On September 7, 1159 he was chosen the successor of Pope Adrian IV (1154—59), a minority of the cardinals, however, electing the cardinal-priest Octavian, who assumed the name of Victor IV (1159—64).
		This antipope, and his successors antipope Paschal III (1164—68) and antipope Calixtus III (1168—78), had the imperial support; but after the defeat of Legnano (1176), Barbarossa finally (in the peace of Venice, 1177) recognized Alexander III as Pope.
		Besides checkmating Barbarossa, he had humbled Henry II of England (1154—89) in the affair of Thomas à Becket, (who he was unusually close to), he had confirmed the right of Afonso I of Portugal (1139—85) to the crown, and even as a fugitive had enjoyed the favour and protection of Louis VII of France (1137—80).
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Pope_Alexander_III (509 words)

	Guelphs and Ghibellines
		The names "Guelph" and "Ghibelline" appear to have originated in Germany, in the rivalry between the house of Welf (Dukes of Bavaria) and the house of Hohenstaufen (Dukes of Swabia), whose ancestral castle was Waiblingen in Franconia.
		Agnes, daughter of Henry IV and sister of Henry V, married Duke Frederick of Swabia.
		The atrocious tyrant, Ezzelino da Romano, raised up a bloody despotism in Verona and Padua; the Guelph nobles were temporarily expelled from Florence; but Frederick's favourite son, King Enzio of Sardinia, was defeated and captured by the Bolognese (1249), and the strenuous opposition of the Italians proved too much for the imperial power.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/guelphs_and_ghibellines.html (2014 words)

	Guelphs and Ghibellines
		The names "Guelph" and "Ghibelline" appear to have originated in Germany, in the rivalry between the house of Welf (Dukes of Bavaria) and the house of Hohenstaufen (Dukes of Swabia), whose ancestral castle was Waiblingen in Franconia.
		Agnes, daughter of Henry IV and sister of Henry V, married Duke Frederick of Swabia.
		The prolonged struggle carried on by the successors of Honorius, from Gregory IX to Clement IV, against the last Swabian princes, mingled with the worst excesses of the Italian factions on either side, is the central and most typical phase of the Guelph and Ghibelline story.
	www.san-miniato.com /guelphs.htm (2071 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		Today, the heads of the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria continue to be called "Popes", the former being called "Coptic Pope" or, more properly, "Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the Holy See of St. Mark" and the last called "Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa".
		An antipope is a person who claims the Pontificate without being canonically and properly elected to it.
		The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church or to confusion as to who is the legitimate Pope at the time (see Papal Schism).
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Pope (5684 words)

	Avignon Pope Clement VII - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		Elected pope at Fondi on 20 September 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI, he was the first antipope of the Western Schism, the second of the two periods sometimes referred to as the Great Schism, which lasted until 1417.
		Eventually it was determined that he would be recorded as an antipope rather than as a pope.
		Uncertainty over who the legitimate pope might be during the time of the Western Schism gave rise to the legal theory called Conciliarism, which claimed that a general council of the church was superior to the pope and could therefore judge between rival claimants.
	www.medbib.com /Antipope_Clement_VII (360 words)

	Antipope Peter II Information
		According to Roman Catholic tradition, the Apostle Saint Peter is considered the first Pope (said to have been installed by Jesus Christ, by giving him the very name as 'the rock on which I will build my church'), and no other officially recognized Pope since has used that name.
		The choice of this regnal name by these antipopes indicates that their sects believe that they are now in the End times.
		Note that this is not the same as the Tribulation (which is a feature primarily of Dispensationalist theology), as orthodox Catholic theology is broadly amillennialist, and teaches that the reign of Christ began at Calvary and has not ended (nor will it).
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Antipope_Peter_II (435 words)

	February 23, 2000 VOYAGE ON THE BARQUE OF PETER Series: (feb23bar.htm)
		Though Paschal was timid and weak, he was determined to shunt the power of Henry and turn away the influence of the even weaker antipopes Theoderic, Albert, and Silvester IV all appointed by Henry but not backed militarily by the German king.
		With no where to turn after two months imprisonment, Paschal was caught between a rock and a hard place for Henry threatened to recognize universally the antipope Silvester IV if Paschal didn't accept the king's privilege to invest bishops of his choosing.
		Innocent II was forced to flee and seek refuge with Lothair who in 1133 escorted him back to Rome and, with a show of force and a show of respect, kissed the Pope's feet and personally held the Holy Father's mule bridle as he led Innocent triumphantly into Rome.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/archives/feb2000/38feb23,vol.11,no.38txt/feb23bar.htm (2315 words)

	Pope Gregory VI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Of his rivals, Silvester III alone presented himself at the synod, which was opened December 20, 1046.
		Deprived of all clerical rank and considered a usurper from the beginning, Silvester III was condemned to be confined in a monastery for the rest of his life.
		Gregory VI was accused of purchasing the Papacy and freely admitted it; however, he disputed that this act, given the circumstances, constituted the crime of simony.
	enc.qba73.com /link-Pope_Gregory_VI (988 words)

	List of Popes
		The Antipopes are popes that were never official acknowledged as but were elected to oppose the official popes.
		Also note that the number in parenthesis after the name of the official pope the antipope was opposed to is the number of the official papal succession to the papal seat.
		This antipope is not the same as Blessed Pope John XXIII.
	www.stuardtclarkesrome.com /pontiffs.html (1024 words)

	Pope Anastasius IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Pope Anastasius IV (died December 3, 1154), born Corrado di Suburra (or della Suburra), was Pope from 1153 to 1154.
		He had taken part in the double election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of antipope Anacletus II (1130â“38) and, when Pope Innocent II (1130â“43) fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy.
		Pope Anastasius IV died on the 3rd of December 1154, and was succeeded by Cardinal Nicholas of Albano as Pope Adrian IV (1154â“59).
	enc.qba73.com /link-Pope_Anastasius_IV (316 words)

	Pope Urban VI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Antipope Clement VII was excommunicated, and designated the Antichrist; twenty-six new cardinals were created in a single day, and by an arbitrary alienation of the estates and property of the church, funds were raised for open war.
		The Castel Sant'Angelo was besieged and taken, and the antipope Clement VII forced to flee, while Charles of Durazzo was invested in the sovereignty of Naples, forfeited by Joan I of Naples (1343â“82).
		To raise funds he proclaimed a Jubilee, though only thirty-three years had elapsed since that celebrated under Pope Clement VI (1342â“52), but before the celebration he died at Rome of injuries caused by a fall from his mule, not without rumors of poisoning (CE).
	enc.qba73.com /link-Pope_Urban_VI (483 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Guelphs and Ghibellines
		Names adopted by the two factions that kept Italy divided and devastated by civil war during the greater part of the later Middle Ages.
		Honorius, from Gregory IX to Clement IV, against the last Swabian princes, mingled with the worst excesses of the
		The Genoese fleet, conveying the French cardinals and prelates to a council summoned at Rome, was destroyed by the Pisans at the battle of Meloria (1241); and Gregory's successor, Innocent IV, was compelled to take refuge in France (1245).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07056c.htm (2103 words)

	History Forum > Empire And Papacy...
		However, in 816 the Pope (Stephen IV) encrowned Louis the Pious, in 823 the Pope (Pascal I) encrowned Lothar, and so a tradition was born, that the one claiming the Imperial title must receive the symbol of utter authority, the crown, from the hands of the Pope.
		There was the divide and appointment of an antipope described after Alexander had excommunicated several of Henry’s advisers for the crime of Simony although Henry himself had not been excommunicated.
		Bishops and abbots had control of roughly a third of Germany and Henry IV would not abandon rights over their appointment which his predecessors had all exercised.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php?t6144.html (1635 words)

	Pax Nortona - A Blog by Joel Sax » Blog Archive » A Little Papistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Antipopes were not manifestations of the Anti-Christ — usually — but simply rival claimants to the title.
		Harder to arbitrate were the rival claims of factions of the Great Schism (1378-1417) which began when a clan of French cardinals claimed that Pope Urban was deranged and incapable.
		The 20th century pope hasn’t yet been declared an antipope though I don’t doubt the Curia is hard at work manufacturing a reason.
	paxnortona.notfrisco2.com /index.php?p=3253 (455 words)

	Antipope Sylvester IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sylvester IV was a claimant to the papacy from 1105 to 1111.
		After his election, Maginulfo took the papal name of Sylvester IV and was consecrated in the Church of St. Maria Rotonda (the Pantheon) and was enthroned in the Lateran on November 18, 1105.
		When Paschal II returned to Rome the next day, Sylvester IV left for Tivoli and finally settled in Osimo, Province of Ancona, under the protection of Count Guarniero di Ancona.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_IV (301 words)

	Immunohistochemistry - In Situ Hybridization Pope_Gelasius_II
		He drove Gelasius II from Rome in March 1118, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Burdinus, archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII (1118â“21).
		Gelasius II fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained priest on the 9th of March 1118 and on the following day received episcopal consecration.
		He at once excommunicated Henry V and the antipope and, under Norman protection, was able to return to Rome in July; but the disturbances of the imperialist party, especially of the Frangipani, who attacked the Pope while celebrating Mass in the church of St.
	www.immunoportal.com /modules.php?name=Wikipedia&title=Pope_Gelasius_II (1044 words)

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