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	Antipope
		Hippolytus ended his life, however, in exile during Roman imperial persecution in the mines on the island of Sardinia in the company of Callixtus's successor Pope Pontian, and was reconciled to the Catholic Church.
		There has not been an antipope since 1449 - more recent schisms like the Church of England are controlled by lay sovereigns who do not want to have an ecclesiastical rival or begin like the Old Catholic Church in a rejection of a primary dogma of the papacy.
		Antipope Gregory XVII self-proclaimed in 1978 in Spain
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Antipope.html (338 words)

	Antipope Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In the case of certain periods of turbulence in the Roman Catholic Church, elections later determined to have been invalid have set up claimants to the Papacy, and usually in opposition to a specific pope.
		The earliest of these, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		It would not necessarily have been evident, during periods when two (or three) rival claimants existed, which was the antipope, and which was the pope, and the clear-cut distinctions made between them in retrospect can give a false sense that certainty existed among their contemporaries.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/a/an/antipope.html (438 words)

	http://www.TraditionalCatholic.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Antipope, a false claimant of the Holy See in opposition to a pontiff canonically elected.
		At various times in the history of the Church illegal pretenders to the Papal Chair have arisen, and frequently exercised pontifical functions in defiance of the true occupant.
		According to Hergenröther, the last antipope was Felix V (1439-49).
	www.traditionalcatholic.net /Tradition/Encyclopedia/Antipopes.html (84 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the XI Century
		Relapsed and was excommunicated by Pope Victor III in the Council of Benevento in August 1087.
		Antipope Honorius II, Bishop Cadalo (or Pietro Cadalus, or Cadalous) of Parma, was not a cardinal when he was nominated by Empress Agnes and elected by a miscellaneous assembly in Basle on October 28, 1061.
		The deaconry was suppressed by Pope Paul III in 1540 and reestablished by Pope Pius IV in 1565.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xi.htm (6224 words)

	antipope: Definition and Much More from Answers.com
		Some antipopes were elected by factions in doctrinal disagreements, and others were chosen in double elections arbitrated by secular authorities or picked as third candidates in an effort to resolve such disputes.
		The principal age of the antipope came after the papal court was moved from Rome to Avignon in the 14th century (see Avignon papacy), an event that led to the Western Schism of 1378–1417.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	proxies.gr /nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/http/www.answers.com/topic/antipope (1059 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election.
		The earliest antipope, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		They are sometimes called antipopes, although it should be noted that in contrast to historical antipopes, the number of their followers is minuscule.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Antipope.html (683 words)

	The Pope Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A rival claimant to the papacy who might be elected, appointed, installed, or even proclaim himself to be the legitimate pontiff; such an individual is said by the Church to have assumed the title of pope illegally or in opposition to the legitimate pope.
		The antipope was a fairly common occurrence during the Middle Ages, and most were often pathetic Churchmen who were propped up by powerful rulers, such as a Holy Roman Emperor, during a feud with the Holy See over various issues.
		Some antipopes were also present in the early Church, when competing parties in Rome offer their own candidate for the papacy.
	media.isnet.org /kristen/Ensiklopedia/AntiPope.html (253 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Benedict IX
		Taking advantage of the dissolute life he was leading, one of the factions in the city drove him from it (1044) amid the greatest disorder, and elected an antipope (Sylvester III) in the person of John, Bishop of Sabina (1045 -Ann.
		Benedict, however, succeeded in expelling Sylvester the same year; but, as some say, that he might marry, he resigned his office into the hands of the Archpriest John Gratian for a large sum.
		Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory were deposed at the Council of Sutri (1046) and a German bishop (Suidger) became Pope Clement II.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02429a.htm (570 words)

	Antipope - Uncyclopedia
		An Antipope is a pope either with a disputed claim to the Popely Throne or existing in addition to the generally accepted pope.
		Antipope is not to be confused with the very similar phenomenon known to science as Anti-Pope.
		Antipope also goes very well with pasta, but doesn't go down quite so well with Jews, Muslims, or Hindus.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Antipope (160 words)

	Avignon Pope Clement VII - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		He was the son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, and was born in Geneva, in what is now Switzerland, in 1342.
		Elected pope at Fondi on 20 September 1378 by the French cardinals in opposition to Urban VI, he was the first antipope of the Western Schism, the second of the two periods sometimes referred to as the Great Schism, which lasted until 1417.
		Uncertainty over who the legitimate pope might be during the time of the Western Schism gave rise to the legal theory called Conciliarism, which claimed that a general council of the church was superior to the pope and could therefore judge between rival claimants.
	www.medbib.com /Antipope_Clement_VII (360 words)

	TIME CAPSULES Jan 20 (jan20eve.htm) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sylvester was caught in the middle because of the factions known as the pro-papal Guelphs and the pro-monarchy Ghibellines.
		Even though Benedict would issue an interdict against Sylvester and proclaim the latter an antipope, Benedict did not have the authority at the time and it was never fully recognized by the Church.
		Therefore, Sylvester III remains a legitimate Pope, the 146th successor of Peter.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/2001Jan/jan20eve.htm (318 words)

	Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the college of cardinals).
		Some of these antipopes have developed their own religious infrastructure in recognition that the conventional Popes are not likely to consider ceding authority to them, thus being at once antipopes of the Universal Church and Popes of their particular sect.
		Sedevacantist antipopes frequently refer to the conventional successors of Pope Pius XII - Popes John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I, John Paul II and Benedict XVI - as a series of antipapacies.
	antipope.iqnaut.net (791 words)

	Antipope Sylvester IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sylvester IV was a claimant to the papacy from 1105 to 1111.
		After his election, Maginulfo took the papal name of Sylvester IV and was consecrated in the Church of St. Maria Rotonda (the Pantheon) and was enthroned in the Lateran on November 18, 1105.
		Then the Emperor, who had used Sylvester IV to exercise pressure on Paschal II, made the antipope abandon his claim to the office of Pope and submit to Paschal II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_IV (288 words)

	Antipopes
		Antipope: a pope set up against the one chosen by church law, as in a
		Since 1958 there has been a proliferation of antipopes. Some say that these men should not be called
		All of the Antipopes prior to 1958 were of the first kind; that is elected, while a true Pope reigned. Those from 1958 to the present have been of the latter kind, although several are of both kinds (i.e.
	www.vaticaninexile.com /Antipopes.html (201 words)

	JOHN XVII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Crescentius III was now Patrician and the real power in Rome; and Crescentius III was the son of Crescentius II who had set up antipope John XVI.
		Consequently, Crescentius III would naturally insist that the pope whose election he had secured should assume the style of John XVII.
		Crescentius III dominated the papacy during this period and carried matters with so high a hand that by one chronicle he is called "the destroyer of the apostolic see." This however, was probably because he usurped the popes' temporal power.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp141.htm (254 words)

	Antipope Clement III
		He supported the appointment of Antipope Honorius II (1061-1064) as pope, by Empress Agnes, who retaliated for being excluded from the election process of Pope Alexander II (1061-1073).
		On 1080.03.31, Clement III crowned Henry IV, Emperor Henry IV, of the Holy Roman Emipre.
		Clement III returned to Rome carrying out functions as Pope and negotiating with other rulers, even through the reigns of both Pope Victor III (1086-1087) and Pope Urban II (1088-1099).
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=179 (344 words)

	Sylvester
		Sylvester is the name of several people and fictional characters:
		Sylvester is also the name of several places:
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/s/sy/sylvester.html (102 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church
		When the Romans set up an antipope, Sylvester III, in opposition, Benedict wavered for a time in doubt whether he ought not to resign; finally he relinquished the pontificate to his godfather John Gratian for 1000 pounds of silver.
		The antipope Anacletus II with his protector, King Roger II of Sicily, was attacked by Emperor Lothair, who took up the cause of Innocent II.
		It was answered when Napoleon III undertook to show Europe the splendour of his imperial power and to force Austria out of its position of military supremacy in Italy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14257a.htm (12096 words)

	The Rise of the Papacy
		AN ecclesiastic, who paid heavily for his benefice at Rome (an offence known as Simony), was once asked if he believed in the story of Peter being the first bishop of that city.
		A bull of this nature is extant, issued by Pope Celestin, in favor of a monastery, and another by Innocent III., for the protection of an archbishop.
		Besides, we give to Sylvester and his successor our palace of the Lateran, which is beyond question the most beautiful place on earth; we give him our crown, our mitre, our diadem and all our imperial vestments; we remit to him the imperial dignity.
	www.thenazareneway.com /rise_of_the_papacy.htm (4962 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: John of Sabina; Sylvester III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		He was Bishop of Sabina, and the Roman faction which had expelled Pope Benedict IX, elected him in opposition to the lawful pope after John had given them a large sum of money.
		Pope Benedict descended on Rome with a body of troops and expelled the antipope who returned to his bishopric from which he continued to put forth claims at intervals during the pontificate of Gregory VI.
		He attended the synod of Sutri, convened by Emperor Henry III, 1046, was deprived of all sacerdotal rank and condemned to be shut up in a monastery for life.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd04367.htm (105 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Gerbert (afterwards pope Sylvester II.) called this Bonifacius a “Malefactor,” (Malifacius) and ” horrendum monstrum, cunctos mortales nequitia superans, etiam prioris pontificis sanguine cruentus.
		During the minority of Otho III., the imperialists, headed by Alberic, Count of Tusculum, and the popular Roman party under the lead of the younger Crescentius (perhaps a grandson of the infamous Theodora), contended from their fortified places for the mastery of Rome and the papacy.
		Gregory V. Otho III., on his way to Rome, elected his worthy chaplain and cousin Bruno, who was consecrated as Gregory V. (996) and then anointed Otho III.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.iv.xviii.html (2076 words)

	Pope Silvester III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silvester III, né John of Crescenzi – Ottaviani family (born in Rome; probably died in 1062 or 1063); was Pope in 1045.
		When Pope Benedict IX (1032–44, 1045, 1047–48) was driven from Rome in September, 1044, John, bishop of Sabina, was elected after fierce and protracted infighting and took the title of Silvester III in January 1045.
		While the right of Silvester III to be considered an authentic Pope is open to some question, and some consider him to have been an antipope, he continues to be listed as an official Pope in Vatican lists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Sylvester_III (310 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (1-50)
		Born in Rome he was elected in March 251 and died a martyr in June 253.
		Born in Rome, he was elected on the 12th May 254 and died a martyr on the 2nd August 257.
		The polemics with the Arians continued and these led to the election of the AntiPope Felix II.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope1_50.htm (2538 words)

	GREGORY VI
		Sylvester III, the antipope of 1044, came back to Rome to dispute the papacy with Gregory.
		At last a faction sent to Henry III and asked him to set things straight.
		He cooperated with Henry and called a council at Sutri which declared that Sylvester's election had been invalid.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp147.htm (489 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide to documents and events (76-2005)
		Of these cardinals, 15 were declared saint or blessed; 12 became popes; 4 became antipopes; 23 were deposed; and 98 occupied episcopal sees.
		The college itself dates from 1150 when Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153) formally constituted the body of advisors who had traditionally been used by the popes from among the bishops of the surrounding dioceses of rome and the clergy of the city.
		The first canon of that Council stated that "to prevent schisms in future, only the cardinals should have the right to elect the pope, and two-thirds of their votes should be required for the validity of such election.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/guide-xii.htm (1061 words)

	List of the Roman Pontiffs
		Victor two antipopes are assigned the number IV but there was no legitimate Pope Victor after Victor III.
		Felix I was legitimate and II is commonly held to have been illegitimate as his reign occurred in the middle of that of Pope Liberius, but Bellarmine thinks him legitimate and all accord him the number II.
		Number VII was an antipope whose number was re-used by another antipope who may have for a brief spell become true pope (though this is disputed).
	www.sedevacantist.org /pontiffs.html (652 words)

	CUF.org :: Catholics United for the Faith
		The invalidity of the deposition seems more likely given that, as pope, he is supreme pastor of the Church and would thus have to consent to any deposition.
		He was forcibly removed from office and succeeded by Sylvester III, who reigned briefly from January 20 to February 10, 1045.
		If Benedict’s removal by force was not legitimate, Sylvester III was an antipope.
	www.cuf.org /faithfacts/details_view.asp?ffID=202 (2183 words)

	The Dirt on il papi
		The title of pope (bishop of the universe) is given to Boniface III by Emperor Phocas.
		The illegitimate son of Sergius III and Marozia; he officiated at the third marriage of his mother to Hugh of Provence, king of Italy (926-948).
		Bishop Benno of Placenta accused him of "many vile adulteries and murders." Victor III describes "rapes, murders, and other unspeakable acts...his life as a pope so vile, so foul, so execrable that I shudder to think of it." He was possibly homosexual.
	pw1.netcom.com /~wbaxter/archive/r_popes.html (5864 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA:
		Sylvester I (314-35) and consists of two parts.
		Constantine is made to confer on Sylvester and his successors the
		Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (De Concordantiâ Catholicâ, III, ii, in the Basle ed.
	www.rcadena.net /Donation.htm (2807 words)

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