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Topic: Antipope Victor IV (1138)

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Antipope Victor IV

	The Pope Encyclopedia
		A rival claimant to the papacy who might be elected, appointed, installed, or even proclaim himself to be the legitimate pontiff; such an individual is said by the Church to have assumed the title of pope illegally or in opposition to the legitimate pope.
		The antipope was a fairly common occurrence during the Middle Ages, and most were often pathetic Churchmen who were propped up by powerful rulers, such as a Holy Roman Emperor, during a feud with the Holy See over various issues.
		Their authority was frequently very limited and, after the resolution of a conflict, the king who created them might convince them to step down or simply abandon them to the whim or caprices of the real successor to St. Peter.
	media.isnet.org /kristen/Ensiklopedia/AntiPope.html (253 words)

	Antipope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals).
		The earliest antipope, Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		The period when antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope (1257 words)

	Encyclopedia: Antipope
		Laurentius was an antipope of the Roman Catholic church, from 498 to 499 and from 501 to 506.
		Antipope Constantine II was an antipope from 767 _ 768, during the reign of Pope Stephen IV.
		Sylvester IV was a claimant to the papacy from 1105 to 1111.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Antipope (5611 words)

	antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It would not necessarily have been evident, during periods when two (or three) rival claimants existed, which was the antipope, and which was the pope, and the clear-cut distinctions made between them in retrospect can give a false sense that certainty existed among their contemporaries.
		Antipope Gregory XVII self-proclaimed in 1978 in Spain
		Antipope Valeriano I self-proclaimed in 1990 in Chieti, Italy
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /antipope.html (606 words)

	Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hippolytus ended his life, however, in exile during Roman imperial persecution in the mines on the island of Sardinia in the company of Callixtus' successor Pope Pontian, and was reconciled to the Catholic Church.
		There had not been an antipope since 1449, until 1978, when Antipope Gregory XVII was self-declared.
		Antipope A false claimant of the Holy See in opposition to a pontiff canonically elected.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Antipope.html (643 words)

	Antipopes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The earliest of these, Antipope Hippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		Sedevacantist antipopes frequently refer to the conventional successors of Pope Pius XII as an series of antipapacies, though never in the Churchs history has an Antipope opposed a sede vacante.
		Valeriano Vestini (Antipope Valeriano I) self-proclaimed in 1990 in Province of Chieti, Italy
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Antipopes (633 words)

	Victor (IV) (d. 1064) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antipope from 1159 to 1164, the first of four antipopes established against Pope Alexander III.
		1143) in 1138, he was elected by a minority of cardinals in September 1159, while, concurrently, a majority elected Alexander as Adrian IV.
		Victor was succeeded by the antipope Paschal III.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/AntipopeVictor-IV/AntipopeVictor-IV.html (155 words)

	SBC - The Ecumenical Councils of the Roman Catholic Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pope Eugene IV confirmed this decree for Basel, and the first session was held on 14 December, 1431.
		Believing it would become unruly, Eugene IV dissolved the council within four days, angering the bishops at Basel, who began to reassert the heretical decrees at Constance that "a general council is superior to the Pope".
		The remaining tasks begun by Pope Pius IV were continued by his successor, Pope St. Pius V (1566 - 1572): reforming of the Missal and Brieviary, writing of the Catechism based on the decrees of Trent, appointing a commission to issue a more exact edition of the Vulgate, and the reforming of morals.
	www.catholicism.org /pages/ecumenic.htm (2796 words)

	Antipope_Victor_IV_(1159-1164) encyclopedia and info, forum and guides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For the antipope who reigned in 1138, see Antipope Victor IV.
		Antipope Victor IV, the former Cardinal Octavianus (Ottavio di Montecelio), was known as the Ghibelline antipope.
		He was elected in 1159, and countenanced by the emperor Barbarossa.
	jamaica.caribbean-forum.com /encyclopedia.php?title=Antipope_Victor_IV_(1159-1164) (238 words)

	Antipope Victor IV (1138) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article refers to the former Cardinal Gregorio Conti, antipope in 1138.
		For the antipope from 1159â“1164, see Antipope Victor IV
		Antipope Victor IV, born Gregorio Conti was chosen by a party in succession to the antipope Anacletus II on March 13, 1138, but through the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux was induced two months afterwards to make his submission to Innocent II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV_%281138%29 (117 words)

	Popes of the Roman Catholic Church (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Leo VII, 963–65, or Benedict V, 964–66 (one of these was an antipope)
		antipope: Clement III, 1080–1100 (see Guibert of Ravenna)
		antipope: Clement VII, 1378–94 (see Robert of Geneva)
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/popesTABLE.html (91 words)

	Popes - Simon Bar-Jona to John Paul II from Catholic Almanac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Confusion exists concerning the legitimacy of claims to the pontificate by Leo VIII and Benedict V. John XII was deposed Dec. 4, 963, by a Roman council.
		Adrian IV (Nicholas Breakspear): England; Dec. 4 (5), 1154, to Sept 1, 1159.
		Urban IV (Jacques Pantal6on): Troyes; Aug. 29 (Sept. 4), 1261, to Oct 2, 1264.
	www.trosch.org /for/popes-ca.htm (3950 words)

	Antipope - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Clemente Dominguez y Gomez (Antipope Gregory XVII) self-proclaimed in 1978 in Spain
		Valeriano Vestini (Antipope Valeriano I) self-proclaimed in 1990 in Chieti, Italy
		Victor Von Pentz (Antipope Linus II) self-proclaimed in 1994 in the United Kingdom
	www.free-definition.com /Antipope.html (759 words)

	Antipope Victor IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a disambiguation page â” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title.
		If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.
		Two antipopes have claimed the name Victor IV.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV (92 words)

	Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The late 14th and early 15th century saw a series of rival popes one line of which is counted by Roman Catholic Church as popes and the as antipopes.
		It would not necessarily have been evident periods when two (or three) rival claimants which was the antipope and which was pope and the clear-cut distinctions made between in retrospect can give a false sense certainty existed among their contemporaries.
		Supporters might assistance to a given candidate but could know which would be determined to have an antipope and which the pope until had run their course.
	www.freeglossary.com /Antipope (733 words)

	1138 Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		March 13 - Cardinal Gregory is elected anti-pope as Antipope* Victor IVVictor IV, succeeding Antipope Anacletus IIAnacletus II *August 22 - Battle of the Standard between David I of Scotland and the EnglandEnglish.
		1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138 1138年;
		Related Topics: 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, Decades, 1100s, 1110s, 1120s, 1130s, 1140s, 1150s, 1160s, Centuries, 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, Robert Warelwast, Bishop of Exeter, March 13, August 22, Battle of the Standard, David I of Scotland,
	topicguide.com /1138.html (136 words)

	Antipope - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		Hippolytus ended his life, however, in exile during Roman imperial persecution in the mines on the island of Sardinia in the company of Callixtus' successor Pope_Pontian, and was reconciled to the Catholic Church.
		The late 14th and early 15th_century saw a series of rival popes elected, one line of which is counted by the Roman Catholic Church as popes and the other as antipopes.
		There has not been an antipope since 1449 - more recent schisms like the Church_of_England are controlled by lay sovereigns who do not want to have an ecclesiastical rival or begin like the Old_Catholic_Church in a rejection of a primary dogma of the papacy.
	www.indexsuche.com /Antipope.html (469 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Victor IV
		elected in opposition to Innocent II in the middle of March, 1138, by the partisans of the Pierleoni family, as successor to Anacletus II.
		Octavian belonged to one of the most powerful Roman families (Counts of Tusculum), had been cardinal since 1138, and was very popular on account of his liberality, accessibility, and splendour of
		Victor, and pronounced an anathema upon Alexander, while Alexander on his side excommunicated the emperor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15411a.htm (381 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the XII Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antipope Albert was elected in January 1101 and deposed shortly after.
		Antipope Gregory VIII was elected on March 8, 1118.
		Silvestro e Martino by Antipope Anacletus II before 1136 and at the latter's death in 1138 joined the obedience of Pope Innocent II who recognized his promotion and kept him in that title.
	www.stjohnxxiii.com /Cardinals/The_Cardinals_of_the_Church/consistories-xii.htm (6886 words)

	1138 article - 1138 1135 1136 1137 1139 1140 1141 Decades 1100s 1110s 1120s 1130s - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		1135 1136 1137 - 1138 - 1139 1140 1141
		March 13 - Cardinal Gregory is elected anti-pope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II
		1138 article - 1138 definition - what means 1138
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/1138 (94 words)

	Antipope Victor IV
		Victor IV :- Two antipopes have claimed this name:
		Cardinal Gregorio Conti, who was chosen by a party in succession to the antipope Anacletus II[?] on March 13, 1138, but through the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux was induced two months afterwards to make his submission to Innocent II
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Victor_IV.html (100 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Popes
		Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Bl.
		Thus, John XVI (997-998) was an antipope, and yet the next pope to take the name styled himself John XVII (1003).
		John XXIII (1410-1415) was an antipope; the modern John XXIII (1958-1963) ignored him altogether and took the same name and numeral.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /media_461532637/Popes.html (527 words)

	Antipope Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The earliest of these, Antipope HippolytusHippolytus, was elected in protest against Pope Callixtus I by a schismatic group in the city of Rome in the 3rd century.
		Antipope Clement IIIGuibert or Clement III, 1080, 1084-1100
		Antipope Felix VAmadeus VIII of Savoy (Felix V), 5 November 1439 to 7 April 1449
	topicguide.com /Antipope.html (628 words)

	resell.ca - Antipope Victor IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Rolando was certainly not agreeable to him, yet neither was it to his interest to have an antipope.
		Biography: Victor IV was a Ghibelline antipope supported by em...
		Two antipope s have claimed the name Victor IV.
	resell.ca /Antipope-Victor-IV/reference/fullview/wikipedia/2319 (57 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide to documents and events (76-2005)
		Numerical summary of the cardinals and pseudocardinals created created by the 16 popes and of this century.
		[Antipope] Victor IV (1138) - no information found about creation of Pseudocardinals by this Antipope
		Of these cardinals, 15 were declared saint or blessed; 12 became popes; 4 became antipopes; 23 were deposed; and 98 occupied episcopal sees.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/guide-xii.htm (1061 words)

	The Dirt on il papi
		The Church, to cleanse itself, in 1904 reclassified Boniface VII as an antipope.
		Bishop Benno of Placenta accused him of "many vile adulteries and murders." Victor III describes "rapes, murders, and other unspeakable acts...his life as a pope so vile, so foul, so execrable that I shudder to think of it." He was possibly homosexual.
		Sixtus IV and Ferdinand of Aragon instituted the Inquisition in Spain against Jews and Moslems.
	pw1.netcom.com /~wbaxter/archive/r_popes.html (5875 words)

	Definition of Antipope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen as pope by the Roman Catholic Church.
		(Jean) Gaston Tremblay (Antipope Gregory XVII) succeeded Clement XV in 1968 in Canada - not to be confused with the Canadian politician Gaston Tremblay.
		Gino Frediani (Antipope Emmanuel I) self-proclaimed from 1973 – 1984 in Italy
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Antipope (993 words)

	Churches of Rome: List of Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After his election as antipope, he was deposed from the archdiaconate and imprisoned in a monastery.
		After the death of Pope St Leo IV in 855, he was elected pope by the imperial party.
		After the death of the antipope Anacletus II, Victor IV found that support for Innocent II was so strong that he soon abdicated.
	roma.katolsk.no /popes.htm (8003 words)

	Victor -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He was a cardinal when chosen pope by a faction opposing Pope Innocent II and led by King Roger II of Sicily and the powerful Pierleoni family.
		Victor succeeded the antipope Anacletus II (Pietro Pierleoni), but the renowned mystic abbot St. Bernard of Clairvaux influenced him to reconcile with Innocent.
		Bolivian statesman Victor Paz Estenssoro was a leader of the left-wing Bolivian political party National Revolutionary Movement (MNR).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9075240 (460 words)

	Definition of thx 1138
		1: ''' 1138 ''' is the number equal to [[1000 (number)1000]]...
		T-7 has a length of 8 metres, a launch weight of 1138 kg and a diameter of 45 centimetres.
		1: '''Conan IV''' ([[ 1138 ]] — [[February 20]] [[1171]]) was [[duke of Britt...
	www.wordiq.com /search/thx+1138.html (623 words)

	The Papacy - Popes - 1st-19th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Celestine IV (Goffredo Castiglioni): Milan; Oct. 25 (28), 1241, to Nov. 10, 1241.
		Urban IV (Jacques Pantalon): Troyes; Aug. 29 (Sept. 4), 1261, to Oct. 2, 1264.
		Pius IV (Giovan Angelo de’ Medici): Milan; Dec. 25, 1559 (Jan. 6, 1560), to Dec. 9, 1565.
	www.osv.com /catholicalmanac/08a.asp (4155 words)

	The Pope is a Chicken! - Pope (and antipope) Endurance League
		When Felix III was elected pope, the antipope Felix II had not yet been removed from the official pope list.
		This was a mistake and caused Martin IV to choose the wrong number.
		The dates for her (Johannes VIII (Johanna)) are calculated from the most common elements in the legends about the woman who became pope and was found out when she gave birth.
	rymden.nu /pope/popes.php?l=1&a=1 (1029 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Additions
		Chronicle of the election of Sixtus IV (1472)
		Chronicle of the election of Eugenius IV (1431)
		Cardinals created by St. Felix IV (III) (526-530)
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/additions-01.htm (676 words)

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