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Topic: Antiport

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	APStracts 5:0136L, 1998. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Antiport activity was determined as the rate of recovery from intracellular acidosis.
		Antiport isoform identification and gene expression were determined with RT-PCR, Northern and Western blots.
		One antiport isoform (NHE1) was present in HPAEC which was localized to the basolateral cell surface.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1998/lung/June/136L.html (244 words)

	Effect of hypoxic exposure on Na+/H+ antiport activity, isoform expression, and localization in endothelial cells -- ...
		antiport by amiloride analogs is an indicator of isoform subtype in
		antiport isoform found in all mammalian cells (17).
		Agonist-specific role for Na antiport in prostaglandin release from microvessel endothelium.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/3/L442 (5567 words)

	Bioenergetics of the alkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfonatronovibrio hydrogenovorans -- Sydow et al. 148 ...
		that the alkalinization was caused by sodium–proton antiport
		antiporters that tend to compensate for the proton versus the
		antiporter, uptake of sodium acetate was observed (Fig.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/3/853 (2856 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Chem*4520 Metabolic Processes
		Aspartate antiport is balanced by glutamic acid; mitochondrial membrane potential favours aspartate export.
		Since the glyoxysome does not have the same membrane potential as mitochondrion, there is no problem with the reversal of antiport at the glyoxysome.
		Thus the antiport is equation is mathematically equivalent to:
	www.chembio.uoguelph.ca /educmat/chm452/answers4.htm (400 words)

	Taking transgenic plants with a pinch of salt
		Apse et al., together with Gaxiola and colleagues (5), were able to identify and characterize the Na+/H+ antiport gene in Arabidopsis because of its similarity to bacterial, fungal, and mammalian homologs.
		Yeast both sequester Na+ in intracellular compartments through the activity of a Na+/H+ antiport (homologous to AtNHX1) and extrude Na+ across the plasma membrane by means of plasma membrane cation pumps and a cation/proton antiport (6).
		Interestingly, the intracellular Na+/H+ antiport (as well as chloride channels that sequester chloride ions in intracellular compartments) is located primarily in the membranes of prevacuolar compartments and not in the vacuole membrane itself (6), suggesting that salt might be transferred into the large vacuole through a pathway of vesicles.
	www.biotech-info.net /salt.html (1123 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Antiport - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Antiport : cotransport of two solutes across a biological membrane in opposite directions, mediated by specific membrane pump proteins which may be ATP\- or gradient\-driven.
		Other terms that may be related to Antiport:
		The description of Antiport may also be used for the following terms:
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/antiport.htm (192 words)

	antiport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An antiport is an integral membrane transport protein that simutaneously transports two different molecules, in opposite directions,
		The bicarbonate ion is transported down its concentration gradient by the anion transport protein which is an antiport.
		In order for the bicarbonate ion to be transported down its concentration gradient Cl ion must be cotransported in the opposite direction.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/antiport.htm (219 words)

	GerN, an Endospore Germination Protein of Bacillus cereus, Is an Na+/H+-K+ Antiporter -- Southworth et al. 183 (20): ...
		antiport that occurred in the absence of CCCP.
		Characterization of a Na antiporter gene of Escherichia coli.
		Cloning and sequencing of the gene for Na antiporter of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/20/5896 (4148 words)

	University Of Toronto team discovers salt tolerance gene in plants
		This protein, called the Na+/H+ antiport, prevents the sodium ions from salt from harming the cell and creates a balance of ions in the cell that draws water into the plant cell by osmosis.
		Using Arabidopsis thaliana, a small salt-sensitive plant that grows rapidly, the researchers cloned the gene coding for the antiport and modified the plant to overproduce the antiport protein.
		Unlike other genetically modified plants, overproducing the antiport involves manipulating a protein already present as opposed to introducing a foreign protein not normally found in plants.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-08/UoT-UOTt-200899.php (522 words)

	Role of the Na/H antiport in pH-dependent cell death in pulmonary artery endothelial cells -- Cutaia et al. 278 (3): ...
		Role of the Na/H antiport in pH-dependent cell death in pulmonary artery endothelial cells -- Cutaia et al.
		Role of the Na/H antiport in pH-dependent cell death in pulmonary artery endothelial cells
		The effect of hypoxia on Na/H antiport activity, isoform expression, and cell membrane localization in human pulmonary endothelial cells.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/3/L536 (4973 words)

	Title of Invention: Sodium ion binding proteins
		The antiporters are integral membrane proteins that carry out either electroneutral or electrogenic exchange of Na.sup.+ for H.sup.+ that is driven by primary ion translocation events.
		Antiport activity is taken as the reversal of quenching upon addition of the salt (bottom arrows).
		Since this transformant had not shown enhanced antiport activity, and the deduced orf2 product suggested that it was unlikely to be an integral membrane antiporter, we considered the possibility that the orf2 product might be a Na.sup.+ -binding protein.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05346815.html (8711 words)

	ENGINEERING SALT TOLERANCE IN CROP PLANTS
		The efficient compartmentation of sodium is likewise accomplished through operation of vacuolar Na antiports that move potentially harmful ions from cytosol into large, internally acidic, tonoplast-bound vacuoles.
		Overexpression of the vacuolar Na antiport did not affect the growth of transgenic plants since similar growth was observed when wild-type and transgenic plants were grown in the presence of 10 mM NaCl.
		This significant amount of sodium taken up by transgenic plants would suggest that, in addition to value as an agronomic crop, these plants could be used as one component needed to reclaim saline soils.
	www.plantstress.com /Files/engineering_salt.htm (1361 words)

	Ammonium carriers in medullary thick ascending limb -- Attmane-Elakeb et al. 280 (1): 1 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		antiport in the apical membrane of the proximal tubule (47),
		antiport were also observed in rat MTAL membrane vesicles (8).
		antiport of the medullary thick ascending limb of rat kidney.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/1/F1 (6050 words)

	Bacillus subtilis YqkI Is a Novel Malic/Na+-Lactate Antiporter That Enhances Growth on Malate at Low Protonmotive Force ...
		antiport being electrogenic, as anticipated for a Na antiport that plays a role in alkali resistance (8).
		The absence of valinomycin inhibition of energized YqkI-mediated uptake of
		this conclusion was warranted, because the antiport catalyzed
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/39/30287 (4481 words)

	16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Martin, A. Beavis, and K. Garlid (1984) Identification of an 82,000-dalton protein responsible for K+/H+ antiport in rat liver mitochondria.
		The K+/H+ antiporter is reversibly inhibited by physiological (Mg2+ and H+) and pharmacological (quinine and propranolol) inhibitors.
		This protein, the first cation antiporter so identified, migrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with a molecular weight of 82,000.
	web.pdx.edu /~garlid/papers/16.html (139 words)

	Salt Tolerance Conferred by Overexpression of a Vacuolar Na+/H+ Antiport in Arabidopsis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		One possible mechanism by which plants could survive salt stress is to compartmentalize sodium ions away from the cytosol.
		Overexpression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport from Arabidopsis thaliana in Arabidopsis plants promotes sustained growth and development in soil watered with up to 200 millimolar sodium chloride.
		This salinity tolerance was correlated with higher-than-normal levels of AtNHX1 transcripts, protein, and vacuolar Na+/H+ (sodium/proton) antiport activity.
	www.biotech-info.net /salt_tolerance2.html (163 words)

	The Arabidopsis cax1 Mutant Exhibits Impaired Ion Homeostasis, Development, and Hormonal Responses and Reveals ...
		pH-dependent Ca antiport activity (A) was determined in the presence of 0.2 mM orthovanadate (Ca -ATPase inhibitor) as the difference between Ca uptake in the absence and presence of 5 µM carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) (protonophore).
		The results of net Ca antiport activity (bottom graph in [A]) and Ca -ATPase activity (bottom graph in [B]) also are shown after the subtraction of the +FCCP background values for the first four time points of active Ca accumulation.
		Apse, M.P., Aharon, G.S., Snedden, W.A., and Blumwald, E. Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vacuolar Na antiport in Arabidopsis.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/2/347 (7917 words)

	Krulwich Laboratory - Department of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry - Mount Sinai School of Medicine
		Mrp-type antiporters are widely distributed and physiologically important in bacteria.
		In collaboration with the Bechhofer Lab, we study the closely related Tet(L) and Tet(K) proteins that have monovalent cation/proton antiport as well as tetracycline-metal/proton antiport activity.
		We are testing the hypothesis that the physiological roles of the monovalent cation/proton antiport not only provide clues to the evolutionary origin of the antibiotic-resistance proteins, but also influence the persistence of these antibiotic-resistance determinants.
	www.mssm.edu /labs/krulwich/research.shtml (481 words)

	PLA2 stimulation of Na+/H+ antiport and proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells -- Rufini et al. 277 (4): C814 ...
		antiport, a permissive factor for cell proliferation (35).
		EGF modulation of Na antiport in rat hepatocytes: different sensitivity in adult and fetal cells.
		Dual modulation of Na/H antiport by atrial natriuretic factor in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/4/C814 (4549 words)

	Use of digitalis in heart failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The diminishment of this Na+ gradient is the key to Digoxin's role in increasing heart contractility because a high Na+ gradient is necessary for the functioning of the Na+/ Ca ++ Antiport.
		This antiport couples the movement of Ca ++ out of the cell with the movement of Na+ into the cell.
		Thus when this antiport is inhibited, the intracellular [Ca ++] remains abnormally high.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~alanburr/physiol/webstudentwork/katyLO1.html (927 words)

	Chelerythrine Inhibits Na+-H+ Exchange in Platelets From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats -- Gende 28 (6): 1013 -- ...
		Evidence for altered Na antiport activity in cultured skeletal muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle cells from the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
		Aviv A. The roles of cell Ca, protein kinase C and the Na antiport in the development of hypertension and insulin resistance.
		Kinetic properties of the Na antiporter of lymphocytes from the spontaneously hypertensive rat: role of intracellular pH.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/6/1013 (3169 words)

	Identification of a Ca2+/H+ Antiport in the Plant Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane -- Ettinger et al. 119 (4): 1379 -- ...
		Identification of a Ca2+/H+ Antiport in the Plant Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane -- Ettinger et al.
		We propose a model of chloroplast Ca regulation whereby the activity of the Ca antiporter facilitates the light-dependent uptake of Ca by chloroplasts and reduces stromal Ca levels.
		antiporter is dependent on light-stimulated proton pumping, then the reaction rate may be enhanced
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/119/4/1379 (4394 words)

	PLA2 stimulation of Na+/H+ antiport and proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells -- Rufini et al. 277 (4): C814 ...
		PLA2 stimulation of Na+/H+ antiport and proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells -- Rufini et al.
		antiport and proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
		antiport; 4) ammodytin L was able to displace the
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/277/4/C814 (203 words)

	The purified Bacillus subtilis tetracycline efflux protein TetA(L) reconstitutes both tetracycline-cobalt/H+ and ...
		antiport was observed in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli
		antiports in vesicles were uninhibited by abolition of the
		antiporter for the additional function of Tc-metal efflux (1).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/93/25/14446 (4144 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Chem*4520 Metabolic Processes
		However there is a problem with nitrogen balance and the question of antiports for malate and aspartate is not addressed yet.
		Glutamic acid exchanges for aspartate by antiport, and this cycle results in nitrogen balance being maintained between cytoplasm and mitochondria.
		Malate is a good antiport exchange substrate, since formation of citrate consumed an oxaloacetate.
	www.chembio.uoguelph.ca /educmat/Chm452/lectur11.htm (934 words)

	(M. Cavaliere, D. Genova) P Systems with Symport/Antiport of Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		We present a number of results using different combinations of evolution rules (catalytic, non-cooperative) and the weight of the symport/antiport rules.
		In particular, we show that using non-cooperative rules and antiports of unbounded weight makes it possible to obtain at least the Parikh set of ET0L languages.
		On the other hand, using catalytic rules (one catalyst) and antiports of weight 2, these system become universal.
	www.jucs.org /jucs_10_5/p_systems_with_symport (169 words)

	Apoptosis in an Interleukin-2-dependent Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Cell Line Is Associated with Intracellular Acidification ...
		Many survival factors are known to phosphorylate and activate the antiport, hence apoptosis is likely to be associated with dephosphorylation.
		Inhibitors of the antiport have been shown to overcome the protective effect of growth factors or phorbol esters in an IL-3-dependent leukemia cell line as well as inhibiting the alkalinization caused by IL-3 addition(34).
		This suggests that previous work observed the fine tuning of the antiport, whereas we suggest that the acidification arises from a complete loss of pH regulation in the cells, possibly as a result of complete dephosphorylation of the antiport.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/7/3203 (6096 words)

	Major Facilitator Superfamily -- Pao et al. 62 (1): 1 -- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
		antiport depending on whether a substrate is present on the trans
		Family 11, the oxalate/formate antiporter (OFA) family, is a small but diverse family.
		to be antiport of an organophosphate ester for inorganic phosphate
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/62/1/1 (7234 words)

	Emerging Research Fronts Comments by Gheorghe Paun
		The rules used mimic the biological processes of symport and antiport, and the obtained device computes by communication only through changing the place of objects in the compartments of a membrane structure and not by changing the objects themselves.
		In biology one knows of an interesting case of transferring chemicals across membranes, in a coupled manner: when two chemicals pass through a membrane together in the same direction one says that we have a symport, when the chemicals pass in opposite directions we have an antiport.
		Symport and antiport rules can be used for changing the configuration of a P system (hence for computing), by moving objects across membranes.
	www.esi-topics.com /erf/2003/october03-GheorghePaun.html (543 words)

	APStracts 7:0007L, 2000. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Cell death was attenuated by maneuvers that decreased pHi and inhibited Na/H exchange (acidosis, Na/H antiport inhibitors).
		In contrast, cell death was potentiated by maneuvers that elevated pHi or increased Na/H exchange (monensin, phorbol ester treatment) before the insult.
		Although Na/H antiport activity was reduced (55-60% of control) following a metabolic insult, the cells still demonstrated active Na/H exchange despite significant ATP depletion.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/2000/lung/January/7l.html (314 words)

	Short-Term Effects of Thyroid Hormones on the Na/H Antiport in L-6 Myoblasts: High Molecular Specificity for ...
		Na/H antiport in L-6 cells from rat skeletal muscle by a rapid,
		of the Na/H antiport in renal brush border membranes in opossum
		Incerpi S, Baldini P, Bellucci V, Zannetti A, Luly P 1994 Modulation of the Na-H antiport by insulin: interplay between protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase and protein phosphatase.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/140/2/683 (4175 words)

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