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Topic: Antiquities Act of 1906

	Antiquities Act Did You Mean Antiquities Act of 1906 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Antiquities Act of 1906 is an act passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt giving the President of the United States authority to restrict the use of particular public land owned by the federal government by executive order, bypassing Congressional oversight.
		The Act states that areas of the monuments are to be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.
		The Antiquities Act is codified at 16 U.S.C. to § 433.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Antiquities_Act_of_1906.html (285 words)

	NPS Legal Mandates
		The "Antiquities Act," as it is known informally today, was recently used by President Clinton during his term in office to create a number of new national monuments in Arizona and elsewhere, two of which either border or are in close proximity to Grand Canyon National Park.
		The Wilderness Act defines the purpose of wilderness as "devoted to the public purposes of recreational, scenic, scientific, educational, conservation, and historical use." The Act generally prohibits activities such as timber harvesting, as well as permanent roads, structures, and facilities, in wilderness areas.
		The 1998 Act, like the 1965 Act before it, states that, as a matter of policy, concessions are to be limited to those that are "necessary and appropriate for public use and enjoyment" and are "consistent to the highest practicable degree with the preservation and conservation of the resources and values" of the park.
	www.gcroa.org /Pages/nps.htm (1420 words)

	No. 02-1623: Tulare County v. George W. Bush - Opposition
		The President acted pursuant to the Antiquities Act of 1906 (Antiquities Act), which authorizes the President, "in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest" situated upon federal land "to be national monuments." 16 U.S.C. The questions presented are as follows:
		The court held that the Antiquities Act does not require the President to identify a precise location for each item of scientific or historic interest within a designated monument, and that Count 1 of petitioners' complaint therefore failed as a matter of law.
		Count 1 of the complaint alleged that the Presidential proclamation violated the Antiquities Act because the proclamation itself did not identify "by physical description and geographic location" the objects of historic and scientific interest to be protected.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/2003/0responses/2002-1623.resp.html (2265 words)

	No. 02-1590: Mt. States Legal Found. v. Bush - Opposition
		The jurisdiction of this Court is invoked under 28 U.S.C. The Antiquities Act of 1906 (Antiquities Act or Act), 16 U.S.C. et seq., confers authority upon the President to set aside federal lands to be managed as national monuments.
		The court further observed that the proclamations on their face were consistent with the standards contained in the Antiquities Act.
		American Trucking Ass'ns, 531 U.S. Petitioners contended on appeal that the President's authority under the Antiquities Act is limited to the protection of man-made objects, and that the six monuments at issue here were invalidly designated because they were created at least in part to protect natural objects.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/2003/0responses/2002-1590.resp.html (1474 words)

	Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation: Land Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The act was the first legislation to establish definitive national park management rules and it was also the first federal wildlife protection law.
		This act was primarily intended to save the prehistoric Indian ruins of the Southwest, but over 200 national monuments, including many large, scenic parklands, have been established.
		These are the Antiquities Act of 1906, Park Service Act of 1916 and Wilderness Act of 1964.
	www.inhf.org /lacey/landacts2.htm (424 words)

	Antiquities Laws and Regulations
		The following acts have been passed and are enforced to protect our national heritage devastation from serious looters as well as from the casual visitors who slip pot shards into their pockets to take home for the coffee table display.
		Please become familiar with these acts as you travel in the area, respect them, and report any and all signs of violation, such as vandalism, to appropriate authorities.
		1906, Antiquities Act: It protects all historic and prehistoric sites on Federal lands and prohibits excavation or destruction of such antiquities unless a permit (Antiquities Permit) is obtained from the Secretary of the department which has the jurisdiction over those lands.
	bcn.boulder.co.us /environment/cacv/cacvregs.htm (506 words)

	Historic Preservation Requirements
		The scope of the 1960 Act was amended and significantly expanded by the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 that required preservation of archaeological data affected as a result of any federal or federally related land modification activities.
		This act for the first time authorized up to one percent of the cost of a project to be transferred to the Secretary of the Interior for preserving archaeological data on federal construction projects, other than dam construction.
		The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 was enacted to provide a comprehensive framework for protecting and regulating the use of archaeological resources on public and Native American Indian lands protected by the Antiquities Act of 1906.
	www.eh.doe.gov /oepa/laws/hpr.html (1476 words)

	ANTIQUITIES ACT: Summary from Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This Act authorizes the President to declare federal lands as national monuments for the purpose of protecting sites and objects of antiquity.
		When the objects are on land that is privately owned or has an unperfected claim of ownership, the portion of the land necessary for care and management of the object may be relinquished to the federal government.
		It is illegal for a person to appropriate, excavate, injure or destroy an historic or prehistoric ruin or monument, or an object of antiquity, situated on lands owned or controlled by the U.S., without permission of the Secretary of the department with jurisdiction over the lands.
	ipl.unm.edu /cwl/fedbook/antiquit.html (298 words)

	The White House Historical Association > Classroom
		The passage of the 1906 Antiquities Act was a landmark in the conservation movement.
		The Antiquities Act strove to protect "any historic or prehistoric ruin or monument, or any object of antiquity" on federal lands, providing the president with the authority to declare national monuments those historic landmarks which he deemed worthy.
		By passing the Act, Congress gave the president the power to select tracts of land to be set aside without getting approval from Congress, the people’s representatives.
	www.whitehousehistory.org /04/subs/04_b_1906.html (1558 words)

	Political Landscape
		The Antiquities Act is an important statute that grants the president authority to protect important federal lands from immediate threats of exploitation by proclaiming them national monuments.
		It was enacted in 1906 to provide a swift federal response to exploitation of public lands, particularly looting and the destruction of ancient Native-American artifacts and structures in the Southwest.
		While some of the Act's original supporters may have contemplated that the authority granted by the statute would be used to protect relatively small parcels of land, Congress did not limit the president's ability to select larger parcels.
	www.asla.org /Members/land/politland061402.html (600 words)

	Untitled Document
		In June of 1906, the U.S. Congress passed the Antiquities Act, which grants the President unconditional authority to declare tracts of land as national monuments in order to protect objects of historic or scientific value.
		The use of the Antiquities Act by President Clinton to create the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in 1996, and Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument in January, 2000, has sparked heated debate about land-use and conservation in the West.
		Opponents of the newly-created monuments contend that the use of this legislation to preserve lands is unfair in that it excludes the public and state and local authorities from the decision process.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Places/antiquities_act.htm (312 words)

	[No title]
		(h) Permits issued under Antiquities Act of 1906 (1) No permit or other permission shall be required under the Act of June 8, 1906 (16 U.S.C. 431-433), for any activity for which a permit is issued under this section.
		225, known as the Antiquities Act of 1906, which is classified generally to sections 431, 432, and 433 of this title.
		Act of June 8, 1906 (16 U.S.C. 431-433), referred to in par.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/16C1B.txt (2881 words)

	John Muir and the 1906 Antiquities Act, from The View From John Muir's Window , November, 1996 - John Muir Memorial ...
		The President used a significant piece of legislation created at the beginning of the 20th century: the Antiquities Act of 1906.
		Perhaps the single most significant use of the Antiquities Act was under President Jimmy Carter.
		The Antiquities Act is a powerful and useful piece of legislation.
	www.johnmuir.org /martinez/view/1906_antiquities_act.html (411 words)

	Jim Gibbons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		At issue is a recent attempt by the Clinton Administration and Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt to use the Antiquities Act of 1906 to close-off some 5 million acres of public land.
		The Antiquities Act was originally designed as a method to quickly withdraw small parcels of land for the sole purpose of preserving archeological sites.
		The Antiquities Act of 1906 has been the subject of great debate for years and more so since a controversial decision by the Clinton Administration in a 1996 designation of the 1.8 million acre Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah.
	wwwc.house.gov /gibbons/display-pr.asp?id=1166 (365 words)

	:: Cannon Speaks in Senate on Antiquities Act ::
		I suspected that the monument was not justified from an environmental standpoint.
		The Antiquities Act was designed to protect certain natural and pristine areas.
		It is clear that the Antiquities Act has been exploited and abused.
	www.house.gov /cannon/press_072099.html (809 words)

	Association of Underwater Explorers - Shipwreck Laws & Regulations
		This act extends the Antiquities Act of 1906 by charging the National Parks Service with a nationwide responsibility, which is in no way restricted to areas owned by the federal government or impacted by federal government activities.
		This act provides matching funds to state and local governments to conduct surveys and develop preservation plans for specific projects which are designed to protect or preserve sites of significance in American history.
		For example, under the Abandoned Shipwreck Act, a shipwreck belongs to the State of Virginia if it is: 1) embedded in submerged lands of the state or, 2) included in or determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register.
	uwex.us /laws.htm (1259 words)

	Cultural Resources Archaeology: Historical Survey of U.S. Preservation Legislation
		Description: Beginnings of the preservation movement in the United States; history of national legislation pertaining to archaeology and preservation, from the Antiquities Act of 1906 to the present; the birth of cultural resources archaeology.
		Several bills fail to win support in Congress; finally the Antiquities Act of 1906 is passed and becomes the first federal preservation law.
		2) The punitive provision of the Antiquities Act was successfully challenged in the case of U.S. v.
	www.indiana.edu /~arch/saa/matrix/cra/cra_mod02.html (1424 words)

	Media Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Amendment which would have prohibited funds from the Conservation and Reinvestment Act of 2000 from being used for the establishment or management of a national monument designated after 1995 under the Antiquities Act.
		This amendment served to undermine the president's authority under the Antiquities Act of 1906 to declare existing federal lands as national monuments.
		This amendment served to protect the president's authority under the Antiquities Act of 1906 to declare existing federal lands as national monuments.
	www.npca.org /media_center/pressreleasedetail.asp?id=22 (947 words)

	National Park Service History: Antiquities Act of 1906
		The Antiquities Act of 1906 resulted from concerns about protecting mostly prehistoric Indian ruins and artifacts-collectively termed "antiquities "-on federal lands in the West.
		President Clinton was not the first to use the Antiquities Act's proclamation authority to enlarge existing national monuments but to enlarge existing ones.
		Although the provisions of the Antiquities Act have remained largely unchanged since 1906, they have been broadly interpreted to include both large and small areas, containing a diverse array of cultural and scientific features.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/hisnps/NPSHistory/antiq.htm (1658 words)

	Arch
		This act was the first general statement of a federal policy to preserve historic and prehistoric sites on federal lands.
		The act covers antiquities on lands owned or controlled by the federal government and gives authority for their proper care and maintenance to the departments having jurisdiction over those lands.
		National Environmental Policy Act (P.L. 4321-4361) (to access the text of the code, click here.) - The Environmental Impact Statement (IS), which must be prepared prior to any federal act which may significantly alter the quality of the human environment, must take into account historic and cultural sites, including archeological sites.
	www.law.arizona.edu /library/Pathfinders/tjafek/Arch.htm (1547 words)

	www.newsaic.com
		Josh realizes that Bartlett, whom he earlier describes as a "bit of a nerd" for his vast knowledge of America's national park system, can use the Antiquities Act (1) to designate that Montana land so that it effectively is a national park.
		The law, which is also known as the National Monuments Act, was created to respond to concerns of theft from and destruction of archeological sites.
		President Theodore Roosevelt was the first to use the authority in 1906 and he interpreted the law expansively, seeing "scientific interest" as including geological.
	www.newsaic.com /ftvww08p.html (936 words)

	Antiquities Act
		Antiquities Act (16 U.S.C. §§ 431 et seq.)
		Where the U.S. has ownership or control of the submerged lands in or on which submerged cultural resources are located, the Antiquities Act permitting provision can be used to regulate salvage.
		It appears, however, that its reach may be limited to regulating salvage only in marine protected areas in which the U.S. has the authority to protect submerged cultural resources (Source: Year of the Ocean Discussion Papers 1998).
	www.csc.noaa.gov /opis/html/summary/aa.htm (76 words)

	Utah Trust Lands
		As a matter of policy, the lack of public input prior to the proclamation of the monument is disturbing to us and many others affected by the monument.
		The Antiquities Act, used appropriately, was the original basis for a number of very special national parks and protected areas in Utah and elsewhere.
		But our research indicates that other presidents have used the Antiquities Act judiciously and only after consultation with a broad range of local and state leaders.
	www.utahtrustlands.com /news?pressReleaseID=33 (262 words)

	Plenty of presidents had predilection for preservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		That tool is the Antiquities Act, a 1906 law that many presidents have used to set aside public lands for protection — often over the objections of Congress.
		It probably is not coincidence that the two largest declarations they made under the act were in Arizona and Alaska, pre-statehood territories at the time with no representation in Congress.
		Using the act not in the wilderness but in the heart of urban America, Johnson declared the Statue of Liberty a national monument.
	www.rgj.com /cgi-bin/printstory.cgi?publish_date=20000528&story=959569236 (731 words)

	Pirate4x4.Com Bulletin Board - H.R. 2114 National Monument Fairness Act of 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Act revises what is known as the Antiquities Act of 1906, which grants the President the power to designate national monuments.
		In the early 1900's, there were very few laws available to protect lands and other historic resources, and the adoption of the Antiquities Act of 1906 was in response to this need.
		According to Rep. Michael Simpson (R-ID) who sponsored the bill, H.R. 2114 responds directly to the concerns of many people who believe the recent rash of presidential declarations have misused or abused the Antiquities Act and been contrary to the original intent of Congress.
	www.pirate4x4.com /forum/printthread.php?t=27230 (252 words)

	U.S. Newswire : Releases : "National Parks Conservation Association Statement on The National Monument Fairness Act" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Passed by a Republican Congress and signed into law by Republican President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, the Antiquities Act allows the president to quickly protect public lands containing objects of historic, scientific, or scenic significance to prevent damage to them from activities such as mining, logging, cattle grazing, and development.
		These are already public lands, and the Antiquities Act merely gives the President the authority to appropriately manage these lands as called for by the best science.
		Given the historic bi-partisan support for the Antiquities Act, maintaining a strong and active implementation of the Antiquities Act should not be an issue that divides Republicans and Democrats.
	releases.usnewswire.com /GetRelease.asp?id=5336 (459 words)

	June 8, 2001: Antiquities Act lends vast power for reason
		The measure would amend the Antiquities Act of 1906 to require state input and congressional authorization in the creation of national monuments of 50,000 acres or larger.
		The Antiquities Act is often used by presidents - as it was in the Hanford Reach's case - when progress is stymied by disagreement in the region or Congress.
		But if locals are unable or unwilling to steer the decision, the Antiquities Act provides an avenue to ensure protection.
	archive.tri-cityherald.com /opinion/2001/0608-2.html (256 words)

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