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Topic: Antithrombin

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Factor XI

Coagulation

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Factor VII

Thrombin

Protein Z

Factor V

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Factor V Leiden

Protein S deficiency

Fibrinolysis

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	Antithrombin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antithrombin is a serpin (serine protease inhibitor) that inactivates a number of enzymes from the coagulation system, namely the activated forms of Factor X, Factor IX, Factor II (thrombin), Factor VII, Factor XI, and Factor XII.
		Antithrombin deficiency is a rare hereditary disorder that generally comes to light when a patient suffers recurrent venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
		In renal failure, especially nephrotic syndrome, antithrombin is lost in the urine, leading to a higher activity of Factor II and Factor X and in increased tendency to thrombosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antithrombin (279 words)

	Antithrombin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Antithrombin deficiency also referred to as antithrombin III in older literature is a genetically acquired trait, although there are other diseases including some forms of liver and kidney disease can also result in antithrombin deficiency.
		Antithrombin is a potent inhibitor of the reactions of the coagulation cascade.
		Antithrombin deficiency is believed to be present in about 0.02% of the population, however some studies have seen rates as high as 1.1% of the population.
	www-admin.med.uiuc.edu /hematology/PtAntithrombin.htm (1105 words)

	Antithrombin (III): The Test
		Antithrombin testing is primarily ordered, along with other tests for hypercoagulable disorders, to investigate the cause of recurrent thrombotic episodes (inappropriate blood clotting in veins and arteries).
		Antithrombin activity testing is ordered, along with other tests for hypercoagulable disorders (such as Protein C and Protein S, and Lupus anticoagulant), when a patient has been experiencing recurrent thrombotic episodes but has not had a blood clot in the past two months and is not on anticoagulant therapy.
		If a patient with an antithrombin deficiency also has other coagulation risks, such as a Protein C or S deficiency, a Factor V Leiden mutation, or oral contraceptive use, then she may be at a significantly elevated risk of developing a blood clot.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/antithrombin/test.html (695 words)

	Ask Dr. Stephan Moll - Antithrombin deficiency
		If antithrombin levels are measured at the time of an acute clot or while the patient is on heparin, levels may be low, because antithrombin is bound by heparin and by an acute clot.
		Antithrombin deficiency is a risk factor for venous blood clots (such as DVT and PE), but does not appear to be a risk factor for arterial clots (such as the majority of strokes or heart attacks).
		Individuals with antithrombin deficiency have an approximately five-fold increased risk of venous blood clots; however, this varies from family to family; in some families with antithrombin deficiency the risk for clots is much higher.
	www.fvleiden.org /ask/55.html (1193 words)

	Antithrombin III Deficiency
		Antithrombin III (AT III) Deficiency is a blood disorder characterized by the tendency to form clots in the arteries and/or veins (thrombosis).
		Antithrombin III is a substance in the blood that limits the blood's ability to clot (coagulation).
		Congenital Antithrombin III Deficiency is inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic trait.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord99.htm (1883 words)

	About thrombosis: thrombophilia: congenital thrombophilia: antithrombin deficiency
		Antithrombin (previously known as antithrombin III) is one of the natural anticoagulants found in the blood.
		Of all the congenital thrombophilias, heterozygous antithrombin deficiency is associated with the greatest risk of venous thrombosis.
		Individuals with antithrombin deficiency should also seek medical advice before major surgery, or when they are likely to be immobile for a long period, as this increases the risk of venous thrombosis.
	www.thrombosis-charity.org.uk /aboutthrom_thrombophilia_congenital_antithrom.htm (572 words)

	Thrombin / Antithrombin: Blood Tests
		The hereditary deficiency of antithrombin III (autosomal dominant) is characterized by predisposition to thrombosis.
		Decreased levels of antithrombin can be attributed to decreased synthesis, increased loss or consumption, or may be induced by drugs.
		Antithrombin III levels might also be of use in cases of suspected heparin failure, suspected DIC, or personal or familial history of thromboembolic disease.
	www.lef.org /newshop/items/itemLC015594.html (234 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Congenital antithrombin III deficiency
		Deficiency - antithrombin III - congenital; Antithrombin III deficiency - congenital
		Antithrombin III is a protein in the blood that blocks the formation of blood clots.
		Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is a genetic disease that occurs when a patient has received one abnormal copy of a gene from a parent with the disease (an autosomal dominant trait).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000558.htm (258 words)

	ATIII.com: Physician Viewpoint - Microsoft Internet Explorer
		Antithrombin deficiency is either (a) inherited, (b) acquired, or (c) incorrectly diagnosed based on a misinterpretation of lab tests.
		A low antithrombin level should always be confirmed by a second testing at a later date.
		Homozygous antithrombin deficiency is almost never compatible with life - the fetus typically dies before birth and a miscarriage results.
	www.atiii.com /physview.htm (945 words)

	Antithrombin III
		Antithrombin III (Human); THROMBATE III®; Bayer Corp., Pharmaceutical Div.
		Antithrombin III is an alpha2-glycoprotein of MW 58000, and is normally present in the human plasma at a concentration of approx.
		Antithrombin III is indicated for the treatemtn of patients with hereditary AT-III deficiency in connection with surgical or obstetrical procedures or when they suffer from thromboembolism.
	www.heartpumper.com /thrombate.html (467 words)

	Antiangiogenic antithrombin down-regulates the expression of the proangiogenic heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, ...
		Antiangiogenic antithrombin down-regulates the expression of the proangiogenic heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, in endothelial cells -- Zhang et al.
		Olson ST. Heparin and ionic strength-dependent conversion of antithrombin III from an inhibitor to a substrate of alpha-thrombin.
		Arocas V, Bock SC, Raja SM, Olson ST, Björk I. Lysine 114 of antithrombin is of crucial importance for the affinity and kinetics of heparin pentasaccharide binding.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/103/4/1185 (5324 words)

	Welcome to ATIII.com -- A Resource for Information on Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency (HD)
		Our mission is to inform patients and physicians about our current clinical trial, to provide a forum for sharing information, and to enhance the health and lives of families affected by this coagulation disorder.
		Antithrombin is an important anticoagulant in human serum.
		Individuals with Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency are at risk for blood clots, organ damage or even death.
	www.atiii.com (305 words)

	Spontaneous aortic thrombosis and embolization: antithrombin deficiency and the work-up of hypercoagulable states -- ...
		Spontaneous aortic thrombosis and embolization: antithrombin deficiency and the work-up of hypercoagulable states -- Marcu et al.
		Spontaneous aortic thrombosis and embolization: antithrombin deficiency and the work-up of hypercoagulable states
		Antithrombin deficiency was found to be the cause of the thrombosis
	www.cmaj.ca /cgi/content/full/173/9/1027?ct (931 words)

	Familial Overexpression of beta Antithrombin Caused by an Asn135Thr Substitution -- Bayston et al. 93 (12): 4242 -- ...
		of this mutation was an alteration in the proportion of antithrombin
		Antithrombin activity was determined both as antifactor IIa and antifactor Xa inhibitory activities in the presence of heparin
		Antithrombin from proband (A) and normal (B) plasmas was isolated either by a single-step ("Total AT") or a gradient increase in NaCl concentration.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/93/12/4242 (3542 words)

	Antithrombin (ATIII) BioAssay™ ELISA Kit (Antibodies only)
		Antithrombin, also known as Antithrombin III (ATIII), is a member of the SERPIN family of proteinase inhibitors.
		Antithrombin inhibits a broad spectrum of serine proteases including thrombin, activated forms of Factor X, Factor IX, Factor XI, Factor XII, as well as kallikrein, plasmin and urokinase.
		Antithrombin is a single chain molecule with a molecular weight of 59kD.
	www.usbio.net /Product.aspx?ProdSku=A2298-19 (365 words)

	Localization and Characterization of Antithrombin in Human Kidneys -- Torry et al. 47 (3): 313 -- Journal of ...
		antithrombin (MAb 2331) and to an epitope distant from the heparin
		antithrombin reactivity was confined to PCT epithelium and that
		Note the lack of intraepithelial antithrombin reactivity in adjacent tubules that are not labeled by the MAb to proximal tubules (arrowhead).
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/47/3/313 (3191 words)

	Antithrombin III Deficiency
		Antithrombin III (AT-III) is a protein made in the liver.
		Pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and surgery may contribute to the thromboembolic event.
		Antithrombin III deficiency is usually inherited and affects males and females equally.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921732735.html (445 words)

	Antithrombin III Encyclopedia Search - Drug Price Search
		This is a blood test that measures the amount of antithrombin III (AT III), a protein that helps prevent and regulate blood clotting.
		Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.
		Usually this will include monitoring drugs that may affect the amount of antithrombin in the bloodstream.
	www.drug-price-search.com /encyclopedia/?encyclopedia_name_url=257&level=2 (539 words)

	Antithrombin (III): Test Sample
		When a blood vessel is injured, the body activates a series of coagulation factors (in a process called the coagulation cascade) to create a blood clot and prevent further blood loss.
		Antithrombin helps regulate this process, inhibiting the action of several of the factors (thrombin and factors X, IX, XI, XII) to slow down the process and prevent excessive or inappropriate clotting.
		If someone has an inherited or acquired antithrombin deficiency, they are at an increased risk of a thrombotic episode — the formation of an inappropriate blood clot in an artery or vein.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/antithrombin/sample.html (265 words)

	The ternary complex of antithrombin−anhydrothrombin−heparin reveals the basis of inhibitor specificity - ...
		Antithrombin, the principal physiological inhibitor of the blood coagulation proteinase thrombin, requires heparin as a cofactor.
		The antithrombin reactive center loop projects from the serpin body and adopts a canonical conformation that makes extensive backbone and side chain contacts from P5 to P6' with thrombin's restrictive specificity pockets, including residues in the 60-loop.
		The 16-mer oligosaccharide is just long enough to form the predicted bridge between the high-affinity pentasaccharide-binding site on antithrombin and the highly basic exosite 2 on thrombin, validating the design strategy for this synthetic heparin.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/Dynapage.taf?file=/nsmb/journal/v11/n9/abs/nsmb810.html (283 words)

	Patent Baristas: Recombinant Antithrombin Recommended for Approval by European Committee
		Antithrombin is a protein in human plasma that has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties.
		A relatively small percentage of the population is deficient in antithrombin-- the disease affecting about one in 3,000 to 5,000 people.
		Part of the controversy surrounding the use of antithrombin derived from transgenic animals is the risk of improper separation of proteins harvested from the milk, which could result in human exposure to animal proteins that could result in adverse effects on those receiving the treatment.
	www.patentbaristas.com /archives/000415.php (334 words)

	RedOrbit - Health - Recombinant Human Antithrombin Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in Endotoxemia Model of Sepsis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This physician-sponsored trial showed that supra-physiological levels of antithrombin without concomitant heparin have potent dose-dependent anticoagulant effects and anti-inflammatory properties in human experimental endotoxemia.
		Volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either a bolus primed continuous infusion of recombinant human antithrombin at 500% or 200% of normal antithrombin level or an equal volume of placebo (0.9% NaCl) over 4 hours.
		Immediately after the recombinant human antithrombin bolus infusion, an intravenous bolus of 2 ng/kg National Reference Endotoxin (LPS, Escherichia coli; USP, Rockville, MD) was given to all subjects.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=200539&source=r_health (641 words)

	Protein C, Antithrombin, and Venous Thromboembolism Incidence: A Prospective Population-Based Study -- Folsom et al. 22 ...
		Antithrombin was assayed at the ARIC baseline with an
		In the ARIC baseline cohort in 1987 to 1989, the mean±SD for protein C was 3.17±0.62 mg/L; for antithrombin, it
		C and antithrombin are relatively rare in the general population.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/6/1018 (3460 words)

	Pt, Ptt, Alpha 1, Thrombin, Antithrombin
		They may also aid in screening for congenital deficiencies of factors II, V, VII, X as well as deficiencies of prothrombin dysfibrinogenemia, and afibrinogenemia.
		Levels of PT, PTT, thrombin and antithrombin can determine heparin effect, warfarin anticoagulant therapy, liver failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), vitamin K deficiency.
		ProthrombinTime (PT)This test is used to evaluate the adequacy of the extrinsic system and common pathway in the clotting mechanism.
	www.lef.org /newshop/items/itemLC329900.html (469 words)

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