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Topic: Antiviral drug

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	Antiviral drug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotics, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic drugs.
		However, two entry-blockers, amantadine and rimantadine, have been introduced to combat influenza, and researchers are working on entry-inhibiting drugs to combat hepatitis B and C virus.
		A phosphorothioate antisense drug named fomivirsen has been introduced, used to treat opportunistic eye infections in AIDS patients caused by cytomegalovirus, and other antisense antivirals are in the works.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antiviral (2199 words)

	Guidance for Industry: Antiviral Drug Development — Conducting Virology Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because of viral genetic variation, the antiviral activity of the investigational drug should be examined for multiple clinical isolates and viral isolates representative of the virus population in clinical trials.
		It is a measure that characterizes the relationship between drug exposure and the susceptibility of a virus to a drug.
		Antiviral drugs targeting the same protein (typically agents of the same drug class) may develop mutations that lead to reduced susceptibility to one antiviral drug, and can result in decreased or loss of susceptibility to other antiviral drugs in the same drug class.
	www.fda.gov /cder/guidance/6568dft.htm (6139 words)

	Antiviral drug resistance
		Drug resistance is defined as a reduced susceptibility to a drug in a laboratory culture system and is expressed as an altered IC or IC (drug concentration required to inhibit viral growth by 50% or 90% respectively).
		Drug susceptibility assays should be performed in immunocompromised patients with unresponsive herpes simplex infections to distinguish true antiviral resistance from other causes of clinical non-responsiveness such as poor drug absorption.
		Drug resistance is costly to the health service, to the patient who fails to gain maximum therapeutic benefit, and for the community in which resistant viruses may be spread.
	bmj.com /content/vol317/issue7159/fulltext/supplemental/660/index.shtml (2975 words)

	antiviral drug. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antiviral drug development has been concurrent with advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering that allow study and definition of the genetic codes of viral DNA.
		Study at this level was not possible until electron microscopes became available and it is only since the 1980s that antiviral drugs have been on the market.
		Herpes simplex virus can now be treated by a highly selective drug, acyclovir (Zovirax), that interferes with an enzyme critical to the growth of the DNA chain.
	www.bartleby.com /65/an/antivir.html (346 words)

	NIH Press Release -Antiviral Drug Sharply Reduces Return of Herpes of the Eye - 07/29/1998
		Researchers have found that an antiviral drug, often used to suppress genital herpes, also decreases the recurrence of herpes of the eye.
		Scientists found that the drug acyclovir, taken by mouth, reduced by 41 percent the probability that any form of herpes of the eye would return in patients who had the infection in the previous year.
		The Acyclovir Prevention Trial (APT) is a multicenter randomized clinical trial designed to determine if the antiviral drug acyclovir, given orally, would prevent herpes simplex virus infection from recurring in the eyes of patients who had the infection in the past.
	www.nih.gov /news/pr/july98/nei-29.htm (1402 words)

	ScienceDaily: Antiviral Drug, Valacyclovir, Reduces Genital Herpes Transmission
		Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir and more recently, valacyclovir and famciclovir, have been known to reduce herpes outbreaks for nearly two decades.
		In the last few years, Wald, Corey and others have shown that such drugs also reduce the frequency and amount of HSV-2 that is shed from the genital area, which is the major source of herpes transmission.
		The findings that antiviral therapy reduces HSV-2 transmission add an important option in the management of patients with genital herpes who are sexually active, said Wald, an affiliate member of the Clinical Research Division and medical director of the UW Virology Research Clinic, one of the world's leading sites for herpes research.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/01/040101090439.htm (1307 words)

	Recent STD News: Antiviral Drug Used to Treat AIDS to Be Tested as Vaccine
		Antiviral Drug Used to Treat AIDS to Be Tested as Vaccine
		The US arm of an international drug trial will enroll 400 gay men in San Francisco and Atlanta to determine whether the properties that allow tenofovir (Viread) to suppress HIV among infected patients might also prevent HIV among the uninfected.
		Researchers want to know if the drug is safe for preventing HIV, and whether such a pill could cause an undesirable increase in unsafe sex.
	www.bestd.org /STD%20News/2004.12.01_AntiviralDrug.htm (377 words)

	Panavir ®- Mechanism of action - the Russian antiviral drug (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The antiviral Panavir is assigned for treatment of infection contamination caused by DNA and RNA viruses.
		The medication is tolerated well; possible complications might be caused by individual intolerance to the drug or heightened sensibility to the constituents of the medication.
		Panavir is an effective drug for the treatment of recurrent herpes, it reduces the outbreak duration and enlarges inter-recurrent period by 1,5-2 times.
	www.panavir.com /mechofact.html (457 words)

	Antivirals targeting the conserved cis-acting sequences of RNA viruses
		The drug resistant viruses, although initially at relatively low abundances, may be able to multiply despite the presence of the drug and despite the host responses.
		The implication for antiviral drug design is that the mutability of the viral target, and the fitness of the spectrum of resistant mutants should be prime considerations if the problem of drug-resistance is to be minimized.
		Drugs that inhibit the conserved feature of one virus might be effective against related viruses with minimal modification.
	www.microbiology.wustl.edu /dept/fac/huang/ccas/intro.html (2655 words)

	PJ Online \| News \| New technique to overcome antiviral drug resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Antiviral drug resistance could be eliminated by the development of therapies targeting host signalling pathways instead of the virus itself.
		US researchers have found that it is possible to inhibit viral activity by blocking the signalling pathway that allows a virus to replicate.Monkey kidney cells were infected with a mouse model of the smallpox virus.
		An experimental drug, CL10033, was added to the infected kidney cells and was found to halt the replication of virus particles.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/20050212/news/p171antiviral.html (139 words)

	Center News - 1/8/04 - daily dose of an antiviral drug halves transmission of genital herpes, may lessen other STD ...
		People with genital herpes can significantly reduce their chances of giving the disease to their uninfected partners by taking a single daily dose of an approved antiviral drug, according to a new study led by the center.
		Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir and more recently, valacyclovir and famciclovir, have reduced herpes outbreaks for nearly two decades.
		The effectiveness of antivirals at reducing genital herpes transmission could also help to stem the AIDS epidemic, which affects 42 million people around the world, Corey said.
	www.fhcrc.org /pubs/center_news/2004/jan8/sart1.html (902 words)

	Antiviral drug resistance -- Pillay and Zambon 317 (7159): 660 -- BMJ
		Drug resistance is defined as a reduced susceptibility to a drug in a laboratory culture system and is expressed as an altered
		Drugs such as aciclovir, valaciclovir, and famciclovir are widely used to treat infections with herpes simplex and varicella
		Pillay D. Emergence and control of resistance to antiviral drugs in resistance in herpes viruses, hepatitis B virus, and HIV.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/317/7159/660 (2005 words)

	UCSF News Office - NEW MODEL MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT EMERGENCE OF ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE
		Researchers led by a UC San Francisco scientist have developed a model for predicting the emergence of antiviral drug resistance and for identifying the key factors that generate drug resistance.
		The UCSF mathematical model, which traced the dynamics of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant herpes simplex virus in the general population, was designed to predict how much drug resistance could be expected to emerge over the next 50 years if treatment rates increased, and to identify the key factors that would determine the emergence of drug resistance.
		The next step, however, she said, must be biological studies to determine the transmissibility of drug resistant strains and the likelihood of acquiring permanent drug resistance during episodic treatment.
	pub.ucsf.edu /newsservices/releases/2004010935 (867 words)

	FDA Antiviral Drug Advisory Committee Recommends Unanymously to Approve Entecavir for Hepatitis B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Today March 11, the FDA Antiviral Drug Advisory Committee met in Gaithersburg, Maryland to hold a public hearing to consider the approval of entecavir for treatment for hepatitis B chronic infection.
		And considered the use of the drug for firstline and secondline treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection.
		The proposed dose of ETV was selected on the basis of reductions in HBV DNA and safety and tolerability of the drug observed during short and long-term Phase 2 dose-ranging studies.
	www.hivdent.org /drugs1/drugFADA0305.htm (7834 words)

	Drug to fight virus in transplant patients moves forward in trials
		ANN ARBOR, Mich.---A drug once considered for cancer chemotherapy is advancing in clinical trials to test its effectiveness in fighting a virus from the herpes family that threatens transplant patients.
		CMV was a common cause of blindness and ultimately death in HIV patients, and as the medical community invented drugs to treat the HIV infection directly, there was less urgency by large pharmaceutical firms to develop a CMV drug.
		Chemotherapy drugs work by killing cells and the scientists hoped that if Townsend's compounds had not been effective in killing cancerous cells, maybe they would instead work to block replication of virus cells without killing healthy cells.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/uom-dtf072904.php (673 words)

	Wiley::Antiviral Drug Discovery for Emerging Diseases and Bioterrorism Threats
		Specific targets of the virus's genomes and proteomes are presented as sources for antiviral agent prospectors.
		Prodrugs and acyclic nucleoside monophosphates are among the antiviral countermeasures presented from the medicinal/bioorganic chemical arsenal.
		With so much at stake, the need to collect promising antiviral drug discovery strategies in one volume and disseminate it to all researchers in the field has never been greater.
	eu.wiley.com /WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471668273.html (514 words)

	AEGiS-PRn: Achillion Pharmaceuticals and Entomed Enter Antiviral Drug Discovery Collaboration
		Achillion's drug discovery expertise includes state of the art medicinal chemistry and proprietary cell based and molecular assays.
		Achillion's drug development pipeline is led by the product candidate elvucitabine (Beta-L-Fd4C or ACH-126,443), which is currently in human clinical trials for the treatment of infections caused by hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
		Achillion's drug discovery pipeline embodies an innovative program-based approach to identifying new infectious disease targets and designing small molecule drugs to attack these targets, with a particular emphasis on antiviral drugs to treat diseases caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), HIV, and new antimicrobial drugs.
	www.aegis.com /news/pr/2003/PR030420.html (755 words)

	REPLICor to Disclose Unique Broad Spectrum Antiviral Drug (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		REP 9 has been shown to be well tolerated and to have significant efficacy in vivo in animal models of 6 different viral infections suggesting that it will probably have significant efficacy in humans as well.
		REPLICor will be presenting 3 papers regarding the activity of its broad spectrum antiviral drug at the 18th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Barcelona, Spain, April 10-14, 2005.
		For example, there is no drug on the market that can treat the Marburg virus which has killed over 100 people in Angola in the current epidemic.
	www.forrelease.com /D20050404/1194766.html (402 words)

	Bird Flu Drug Rendered Useless
		China's use of the drug amantadine, which violated international livestock guidelines, was widespread years before China acknowledged any infection of its poultry, according to pharmaceutical company executives and veterinarians.
		The Chinese Agriculture Ministry approved the production and sale of the drug for use in chickens, according to officials from the Chinese pharmaceutical industry and the government, although such use is barred in the United States and many other countries.
		In interviews, executives at Chinese pharmaceutical companies confirmed that the drug had been used since the late 1990s, to treat chickens sickened by bird flu and to prevent healthy ones from catching it.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/17/AR2005061701214.html (644 words)

	Prompt Use of Antiviral Drug Lessens the Toll of Hepatitis C (washingtonpost.com)
		The success of antiviral drugs in eliminating chronic infection is lower than the 98 percent cure rate for recent infection achieved in Manns's study.
		In the new study, funded in part by the drug's manufacturer, researchers identified 44 hepatitis C patients with known recent exposure to the virus or evidence of recent infection based on laboratory tests.
		Hepatitis C virus was detected in her blood 35 days after the antiviral therapy ended, but disappeared when she was given interferon alfa-2a (a slightly different interferon drug) plus ribavirin, Manns said.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A55613-2001Oct1?language%3Dprinter (802 words)

	[No title]
		Ganciclovir is a synthetic guanine derivative and an active antiviral agent for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections.
		It is phosphorylated to ganciclovir triphosphate in the body by cellular kinases whereupon the drug enters the infected cells where it persists for days.
		Shake the vial to dissolve the drug and inspect the solution for particles or discoloration (vial should be discarded if particulate matter or discoloration is observed).
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/1999/thanatos/ganciclovir.html (692 words)

	Antiviral Drug More Effective Than Cesarean in Preventing Neonatal Herpes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 16, 1996 -- A common antiviral drug taken during the last month of pregnancy is more cost-effective and prevents more neonatal infections than cesarean delivery for women with genital herpes, according to a UCSF analysis published in the current (October) issue of the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology.
		It is currently standard practice in the United States to perform cesarean delivery on pregnant women with recurrent herpes to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus to newborns.
		Any question regarding a medical diagnosis, treatment, referral, drug availability or pricing should be directed to either a licensed physician or to the product's manufacturer.
	pslgroup.com /dg/cff6.htm (755 words)

	Antiviral drug cuts herpes transmission rate - HealthLINK (Women) - Yale-New Haven Hospital
		Valacyclovir and its cousins acyclovir and famcyclovir have been very effective in reducing the number of days patients are symptomatic and reducing the likelihood of recurrences.
		These drugs are all similar chemically; valacyclovir is frequently prescribed because a once-a-day dose can prevent recurrent infections.
		The drugs have a very high safety profile and are very easy to tolerate.
	www.ynhh.org /healthlink/womens/womens_3_04.html (1398 words)

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