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	Heinrich Anton De Bary - LoveToKnow 1911
		HEINRICH ANTON DE BARY (1831-1888), German botanist, was of Belgian extraction, though his family had long been settled in Germany, and was born on the 26th of January 1831, at Frankfort-on-Main.
		These researches led to the explanation of epidemic diseases, and de Bary's contributions to this subject were fundamental, as witness his classical work on the potato disease in 1861.
		It is difficult to estimate the relative importance of de Bary's astoundingly accurate work on the sexuality of the Fungi.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Heinrich_Anton_De_Bary (659 words)

	Heinrich Anton de Bary
		King-Thom Chung, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN Heinrich Anton de Bary is a pioneer in the study of fungi and algae.
		De Bary spent a considerable amount of time studying the morphology of fungi and noticed that certain forms, which had been classified as separate species, were actually successive stages of development of the same organism.
		De Bary studied the developmental history of Myxomycetes (slime molds), and thought it was necessary to reclassify the lower animals.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/cellmicro/nester/graphics/nester3ehp/common/debary.html (1240 words)

	Heinrich Anton de Bary
		Heinrich Anton de Bary (1864 - 1865) "Beiträge zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze" (Introduction to the Morphology and Physiology of Mushrooms) in Abhandlung, hrsg.
		Heinrich Anton de Bary (1866) Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten (Morphology and Physiologie of the Fungi, Lichens, and Slime Molds) 1st ed.
		Heinrich Anton de Bary (1869 - 1870) "Eurotium, Erysiphe, Cincinnobolus.
	www.ilmyco.gen.chicago.il.us /Authors/deBary595.html (1513 words)

	The Origins of Symbiosis: Heinrich Anton de Bary
		Heinrich Anton de Bary: The Phenomenon of Symbiosis (1879)
		de Bary, Heinrich Anton (1866) Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten [Morphology and Physiology of the Fungi, Lichens, and Slime Molds].
		The anecdote of de Bary defending Strasburger when he was mocked for his first big discovery comes from the page of the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft's Strasburger prize.
	www.mushroomthejournal.com /symbiosis/debarytext.html (367 words)

	Heinrich Anton De Bary — Infoplease.com
		An authority on plant anatomy, he wrote several standard works in these fields and discovered sexual reproduction in fungi and the alternation of generations in rust fungi.
		More on Heinrich Anton De Bary from Infoplease:
		Heinrich Anton de Bary - Bary, Heinrich Anton de: Bary, Heinrich Anton de: see De Bary.
	www.infoplease.com /id/A0814887 (133 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Freiburg
		The idea was first conceived by Mechtild, the accomplished wife of Albrecht, and it was at her suggestion that he resolved to found the university, having obtained the sanction of Callistus III in the Bull of 20 April, 1455.
		The revenue of the university was ensured by the foundation of several benefices, and the incorporation of the cathedral parish of Freiburg, together with the parishes of Breisach, Ensisheim, and other places, in the new institution (Deed of 28 August, 1456), this endowment being approved by Frederick III.
		The expenditure, which equalled the income, was as follows: 475,600 marks for salaries of regular professors and officials; 132,200 for the extraordinary staff; 335,900 for the different institutions, and the remainder for sundry expenses.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06264a.htm (4371 words)

	The International Mycological Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the occasion of the silver anniversary of the International Mycological Association, two silver medals were established by the Officers and Executive Committee: the Ainsworth Medal in recognition of extraordinary service to world mycology and the de Bary Medal in recognition of lifetime research contributions to mycology.
		The medal for lifetime research achievements is named for Anton de Bary, who not only began a modern era in fungal research, but also was responsible for training students from throughout the world to disseminate mycological knowledge broadly.
		The first Ainsworth and de Bary Medals were presented at a meeting held in Sheffield in April 1996 on the occasion of the Centenary of the British Mycological Society to recognize the unique contribution that British mycologists have made to their science.
	lsb380.plbio.lsu.edu /ima/Awards (366 words)

	Albrecht Kossel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kossel was born in Rostock as the son of Prussian consul Albrecht Kossel and his wife Clara.
		In 1872, Kossel went to the University of Strasbourg to study medicine, where he visited lectures of Anton de Bary, Waldeyer, Kundt, Baeyer and Felix Hoppe-Seyler.
		Die Gewebe des menschlichen Körpers und ihre mikroskopische Untersuchung (The tissues in the human body and their microscopic investigation), 1889-1891
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albrecht_Kossel (192 words)

	The Plant Pathology Laboratory: Explore History, The Potato Famine
		Finally in 1853, Anton de Bary, a German Botanist, proved the role of a fungus in the blight.
		de Bary's experiments triggered major advances in plant disease research and in human and animal disease research as well.
		So de Bary created the genus Phytophthora, and named the fungus Phytophthora infestans, (phyto=plant and phthora=destroyer and infestans suggested the devastation of the disease).
	www.plant.uga.edu /labrat/potatofamine.htm (642 words)

	Botany online: History - Cryptogames and Phanerogames
		A very detailed picture of lower fungi and their developement was given by the botanist ANTON de BARY (1831 - 1888) after twenty years of research.
		de BARY was not satisfied with study-trips to the habitats of the different states of development of the fungi alone but did also cultivate single species in order to study their whole developement.
		He, too, succeeded in the observation of the penetration of parasitic fungi into healthy plants and animals and could show that fungi can exist in living plant material.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e01/01g.htm (816 words)

	Ethnobotanical Leaflets
		The German scientist Anton de Bary first coined the name Phytophthora (ôplant destroyerö) in 1876, when he described the potato late blight fungus, Phytophthora infestans, as the type species for the new genus (Zentmyer 1983).
		He unveiled the full life cycle of the fungus (Dowley 1997) and was the first person to conduct extensive, controlled experiments with the fungus in potato (Alexopoulos et al.
		The science of plant pathology was born and the fungus got its final title of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (Dowley 1997).
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/blight.htm (2222 words)

	lecture2
		In 1660, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)(a janitor), first saw bacteria.
		John Lindley, a botany professor at University College in London, who did not believe that the fungus was the cause of the blight.
		Anton De Bary, the father of Plant Pathology, performed the experiments that proved the role of the fungus in the blight.
	taipan.nmsu.edu /EPWS310/lecture2.html (458 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Even as recently as 1800, it was believed that fungi found on diseased plants were part of the dying tissue of the sick plant, and it would not be until 1861 that Anton de Bary would demonstrate, conclusively that the Late Blight of Potato disease was due to the fungal pathogen, Phytophthora infestans.
		Keep in mind that this was 200 years before Anton De Bary's discovery that fungi were capable of causing diseases.
		Once again, It was Anton de Bary who discovered all of the spore stages and determined that the disease required barberry as an alternate host.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect08.htm (6852 words)

	De Bary, Heinrich Anton on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An authority on plant anatomy, he wrote several standard works in these fields and discovered sexual reproduction in fungi and the alternation of generations in rust fungi.
		In 1879, De Bary coined the word symbiosis.
		Pictures and Maps for: De Bary, Heinrich Anton
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/D/DeB1ary-H1.asp (183 words)

	Introduction to Symbiosis
		The first usage is attributed to the German mycologist, Anton de Bary, who used the term in a paper on lichens titled "The phenomenon of symbiosis".
		De Bary's original use of the term defined symbiosis in the broadest possible way as "the living together of differently named organisms".
		He included in his definition all cases of intimate associations between species, such as epiphytes growing on trees, insects pollinating flowers, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism.
	www.eden.rutgers.edu /~tavisa/Symbiosis.html (763 words)

	Brooklyn Botanic Garden: Patron Plant Scientists
		In his Familles des Plantes (1763) he described taxa more or less equivalent to modern orders and families.
		The "first plant taxonomist." Although the system in his De Plantis (1583) is artificial, his use of characters such as position of ovary within a flower and the number of locules in an ovary influenced the thinking of later botanists.
		His five-volume work, De Materia Medica, was the first systematic pharmacopoeia, containing objective descriptions of approximately 600 plants and 1,000 different medications.
	www.bbg.org /exp/patronplant (1172 words)

	Herald-Review - Grand Rapids, Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A botanist, Dr. Miles Berkeley, timidly suggested the white fuzz of the fungus growing on the potatoes was the cause, not the result of the disease.
		It wasn’t until several years later the botanist Anton De Bary, using the scientific method, proved the fungus named Phytophthora infestans was the cause of potato late blight.
		From then on the cause of plant diseases was known to be microorganisms rather than theology, hearsay, witchcraft, or spontaneous generation.
	www.grandrapids-mn.com /placed/index.php?sect_rank=3&story_id=196179 (646 words)

	A History of Myxomycetology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Anton de Bary is generally recognized as the founder of modern mycology and the first serious myxomycetologist.
		Although still used for taxonomy and nomenclature, many of the species included in Massee's monograph have been found to be synonyms.
		A student of de Bary, Rostafinski's work introduced the use of microscopic characteristics for myxomycete identification.
	www.myxoweb.com /history.htm (365 words)

	The Synergism Hypothesis
		The homeobox refers a distinctive DNA segment, consisting of some 60 amino acids, that are found in all of the so-called homeotic genes and, remarkably, have been conserved over many millions of years of evolution in organisms ranging from fruit flies to humans.
		The term symbiosis is also of Greek origin; it means "living together." It was introduced into biology as a technical term by the pioneering German mycologist Anton de Bary (1879), who employed it to denote the living together of "dissimilar" or "differently named" organisms in lasting and intimate relationships.
		De Bary's focus was on relationships, and the paradigmatic examples, both in de Bary's time and ever since, are lichens (although de Bary also included in his definition what would now be called parasitic relationships).
	www.complexsystems.org /publications/synhypo.html (16569 words)

	U-M ACERS Brief Research Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We defer to Anton de Bary's original definition of symbiosis, i.e., dissimilar species that live in close and intimate contact with one another.
		(This use of the term symbiosis stands in contrast to some of the newer definitions that equate symbiosis with mutualism.) It turns out that de Bary's definition of symbiosis describes a wide class of mechanisms that organisms use for adaptive strategies.
		Many of these mechanisms exhibit great leverage: the behavior of the whole of a symbiont-host system often exceeds the behavior exhibited by either host or symbiont alone.
	www.sprl.umich.edu /acers/research.html (551 words)

	Herald-Review - Grand Rapids, Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He wrote of destructive rusts of cereals in ancient Greece but thought they were caused by environment or condition of the plant.
		This frame of mind did not change until the 1850s when a German botanist by the name of Anton de Bary demonstrated that fungi cause plant diseases.
		The disease was potato late blight which caused the Irish potato famine.
	www.grandrapids-mn.com /placed/index.php?sect_rank=3&story_id=192770 (588 words)

	medgateeg
		Tucker applied the mixture with a sponge; it was painstaking while not being very effective because the rain would easily wash it away.
		Thirty-seven years later, Pierre Maire Alexis Millardet, who studied under Anton de Bary in France, invented the first fungicide that was both largely effective and easily applicable, the Bordeux Mixture.
		Monsieur Planchon discovered that the vineyards of Rhone were infected with a type of aphid which was later identified to be Phylloxera.
	people.ucsc.edu /~pmmckerc/medgateeg.htm (465 words)

	Symbioses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The concept and term symbiosis are attributed to the German mycologist Anton de Bary who, in 1879, defined it to cover any close interspecific association.
		Symbiosis literally means 'living together' and de Bary explicitly included commensalism, mutualism and parasitism.
		For a long time, symbiosis was used to refer to mutualism exclusively.
	scitec.uwichill.edu.bb /bcs/courses/Ecology/BL21B/symbioses.htm (853 words)

	NAMA: Book Review
		It is important also to remember these early few mycological pioneers for their contribution to the field by the training of countless experts who would come after them.
		The same year that Woronin published his last paper on Plasmodiophora (1876), Robert Koch was just arriving on the scene with descriptions of the life cycle of anthrax of sheep.
		For example, most of us know that Anton de Bary is considered the Father of Mycology, but you will have a hard time finding any mention of him in mycology textbooks.
	www.namyco.org /book_reviews/Advance_of_the_Fungi.html (904 words)

	Farlow Reference Library of Cryptogamic Botany
		It was at this Congress, held in August of 1977 that he gave his address on Professor Anton de Bary.
		It consists of handwritten notes, photocopied articles both by and about de Bary, and several versions of the final manuscript.
		Folder 9: Manuscript of address "Professor Anton de Bary," revised and corrected by Mrs.
	www.huh.harvard.edu /libraries/archives/sparrow.html (1000 words)

	IOnOne art \| illustration \| Shafique Farooqi \| the concept of symbiosis in art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Living together and making companionship to get benefit or to give only or mutual exchange interest in each other.
		This is the essence of the symbiosis.This concept was developed by a German botanist Dr.Anton De Bary in 1866 and it is being used in the books of botany and zoology.
		A Japanese architect Dr. Kisho Kurokawa has used the term Symbiosis as philosophy in his book Intercultural Architecture that was published in 1991.
	www.ionone.com /artfarooqi4.htm (470 words)

	Farlow Library of Cryptogamic Botany exhibit on mycological Illustration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In July of the same year Farlow was hired to assist Asa Gray, Fisher Professor of Natural History, a position he held for two years.
		In 1872 he traveled to Europe, where he studied for two years with Anton de Bary as well as other prominent botanists in Germany, France and Scandinavia.
		When he returned in 1874 he was made Assistant Professor of Botany at the Bussey Institution of Harvard University.
	www.huh.harvard.edu /libraries/mycology/1929.htm (283 words)

	Discover: Is nature really red in tooth and claw? - importance of cooperation in nature
		The neglect of nature's cooperative side is all the more surprising when you consider that even the most extreme form of togetherness--the symbiotic alliance of two entirely different species--was recognized well over a century ago.
		(The Greek word symbiosis--meaning "to live together"--was first used in biology by the German botanist Heinrich Anton de Bary in 1879.) Yet for reasons that had less to do with science than with history, most scientists and thinkers chose to ignore the phenomenon.
		Strikingly, those who did appreciate the degree of cooperation going on in the natural world were often those who espoused a vision of cooperation in human society--notably the gentle nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary Pyotr Kropotkin, the German socialist Friedrich Engels, and, in the 1940s, the American Quaker Warder C. Allee.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1511/is_n4_v14/ai_13534562 (1418 words)

	Scientific History of Microbotryum, Michael Hood, Department of Biology, University of Virginia
		Carl Linnaeus, in his Hortus Cliffortianus (1738), mistook a specimen of the plant Silene latifolia with anther-smut disease as representing a new species, with flowers fully covered in fl powder.
		However, Anton de Bary, in 1853 (Unterauchungen uber die Brandpilze und die durch sie verursachten Krankheiten der Pflanzen.
		Berlin) used Microbotryum as one of his examples demonstrating that fungal parasites are the causes of disease rather than symptoms.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~meh2s/website/history.htm (469 words)

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