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Topic: Antonio Gramsci

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Antonio Gramsci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gramsci was born in Ales, Italy, on the island of Sardinia, a relatively remote region of Italy that was mostly ignored by the Italian government in favor of the industrialized North.
		Gramsci believed that it was Marxism's task to marry the purely intellectual critique of religion found in Renaissance humanism to the elements of the Reformation that had appealed to the masses.
		Gramsci posited that movements such as reformism and fascism, as well as the 'scientific management' and assembly line methods of Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford, were examples of this.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Antonio_Gramsci (2977 words)

	Antonio Gramsci - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gramsci was born in Ales, Italy, on the island of Sardinia.
		Gramsci was, at this time, also involved in the education and organisation of Turin workers: he spoke in public for the first time in 1916 and gave talks on topics such as Romain Rolland, the French Revolution, the Paris Commune and the emancipation of women.
		Gramsci is seen by many as one of the most important Marxist thinkers of the twentieth century, in particular as a key thinker in the development of Western Marxism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antonio_Gramsci (3711 words)

	Antonio Gramsci: Problems of Marxism
		Gramsci says that these pure intellectuals "acting as the elaborators of the most widespread ideologies of the dominant classes and as leaders of the intellectual groups in their countries"; they absorb elements of marxism into their philosophical idealism "to provide new arms for the arsenal of the social group with which they were linked." (390).
		Gramsci is proposing an international inventory of all the questions and of a bibliography in the philosophy of praxis compiled in different countries and languages; also an inventory of all the critiques of different currents in the philosophy of praxis.
		Gramsci argues that a different conception is appropriate to the philosophy of praxis: that of the unity of mankind resulting from the experimental method in science which is the first dialectical method in the unity between man and nature.
	socserv2.mcmaster.ca /soc/courses/soc2r3/gramsci/gramarx.htm (5864 words)

	Gulli: "Praxis and the Danger: The Insurgent Ontology of Antonio Gramsci"
		Gramsci's distance from a bureaucratic and dead orthodoxy, rather than be looked at as a measure of his coherence and of his unrelenting revolutionary stance, is considered a bit conciliatory and less threatening.
		Gramsci says: "Man is to be conceived as an historical bloc of purely individual and subjective elements and of mass and objective or material elements with which the individual is in an active relationship" (1971: 360).
		Gramsci's emphasis on the will, on human subjectivity and freedom, on the "superstructure," both in his early political writings and in his later notes in prison, would then seem to stem out of a philosophical tradition of which he was perhaps relatively unaware, but that he nonetheless felt deeply.
	clogic.eserver.org /2002/gulli.html (11013 words)

	Wikinfo \| Antonio Gramsci
		Antonio Gramsci (January 22, 1891 - April 27, 1937) was an Italian writer and a politician, a leader and theorist of Socialism, Communism and anti-Fascism.
		Gramsci was born in Ales, Italy, on the island of Sardinia, a relatively remote region of Italy that was mostly ignored by the Italian government in favor of the industrialized north (the problem of Sardinia had previously become part of the political activity of Giuseppe Mazzini in Turin's senate).
		Gramsci would be a leader fo the party from its inception although subordiante to Bordiga until the latter lost the leadership at in 1924.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Antonio_Gramsci (1212 words)

	BookRags: Antonio Gramsci Biography
		Antonio Gramsci's work is pivotal for addressing history, politics, sociology, literature, and the larger field of cultural studies that draws from these and related disciplines.
		Gramsci's ideas have been taken up across disciplinary boundaries and national borders, and while he is most easily classified as a Marxist thinker, Gramsci's ideas of hegemony, organic intellectuals, and the subaltern classes have become an integral part of cultural theory and critical discourse.
		The youngest of four children, Antonio Gramsci was born in Ales, Cagliari (a rural province of Sardinia), on 22 January 1891 to parents Francesco Gramsci, a middle-class bureaucrat from Ghilarza, and Peppina Marcias, a literate woman from a well-respected family.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/antonio-gramsci-dlb (185 words)

	www.theory.org.uk Resources: Antonio Gramsci
		Antonio was the fourth son of Francesco Gramsci, a clerk in the local registrar's office.
		Gramsci had a difficult childhood, not only because he was a victim of capitalism, in other words of the economical and social unfairness of the beginning of the 20th century, but also because his family (and Gramsci himself) were in some way injured by bureaucracy;
		Gramsci said that it can never be taken for granted, in fact during the post-revolutionary phase (when the labour class has gained control) the function of hegemonic leadership does not disappear but changes its character.
	www.theory.org.uk /ctr-gram.htm (4023 words)

	Antonio Gramsci and informal education
		Gramsci's emphasis on critical awareness, the importance of intellectuals being part of everyday life, and on the part played by so-called common sense’; in maintaining the status quo have helped to open up the transformational possibilities of education.
		Gramsci accepted the analysis of capitalism put forward by Marx in the previous century and accepted that the struggle between the ruling class and the subordinate working class was the driving force that moved society forward.
		The Gramsci Institute Foundation: The Gramsci Institute Foundation was founded in 1982, on the basis of the pre-existent Gramsci Institute, born in 1949 with the aim to collect bibliographic and archival materials concerning Antonio Gramsci's profile and thought, the history of Italian labour and socialist movements, the history of the Italian communist party.
	www.infed.org /thinkers/et-gram.htm (3317 words)

	The Ghost of Antonio Gramsci
		Antonio Gramsci's philosophy for cultural and social change was the model for the new Leftists.
		Gramsci (1891–1937) considered Christianity to be the "force binding all the classes—peasants and workers and princes and priests and popes and all the rest besides, into a single, homogeneous culture.
		While Gramsci was still a committed Marxist and "totally convinced that the material dimension of everything in the universe, including mankind, was the whole of it,"4 he believed that the road taken by traditional Marxists to "utopia" was one lined with formidable obstacles.
	www.americanvision.org /articlearchive/12-07-04.asp (914 words)

	Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They relate to Gramsci’s ideas on Education in their stress on the democratic character of the intellectual function, but also on the class character of the formation of intellectuals through school.
		Here again we have preserved Gramsci’s original terminology despite the strangeness that some of these words have in English and despite the fact that it is difficult to discern any systematic difference in Gramsci’s usage between, for instance, subaltern and subordinate.
		Gramsci’s general argument, here as elsewhere in the Quaderni, is that the person of peasant origin who becomes an “intellectual”; (priest, lawyer, etc.) generally thereby ceases to be organically linked to his class of origin.
	www.marxists.org /archive/gramsci/editions/spn/problems/intellectuals.htm (7169 words)

	[No title]
		Antonio Gramsci was born in Arles, Sardinia into the impoverished household of a disgraced petty official.
		Gramsci evolved the suggestive idea of 'organic intellectuals' to describe those who expressed and defined the ideas and the will of a class or group as it enters into historical existence and comes to self-consciousness.
		Gramsci's concept of hegemony has been a key concept in the development of cultural studies, especially in the influential work which emerged from the Centre for Contemporary Studies in the 1970s.
	www.leedstrinity.ac.uk /depart/media/staff/ls/Modules/Theory/Gramsci.htm (1214 words)

	An Introduction to Gramsci's Life and Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Antonio Gramsci was born on January 22, 1891 in Ales in the province of Cagliari in Sardinia.
		On the evening of November 8, 1926, Gramsci was arrested in Rome and, in accordance with a series of “Exceptional Laws” enacted by the fascist-dominated Italian legislature, committed to solitary confinement at the Regina Coeli prison.
		Gramsci’s intellectual work in prison did not emerge in the light of day until several years after World War II, when the PC began publishing scattered sections of the Notebooks and some of the approximately 500 letters he wrote from prison.
	www.italnet.nd.edu /gramsci/about_gramsci/biograpy.html (1358 words)

	AN INTRODUCTION TO GRAMSCI'S LIFE AND THOUGHT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Of his six siblings, Antonio enjoyed a mutual interest in literature with his younger sister Teresina, and seems to have always felt a spiritual kinship with his two brothers, Gennaro, the oldest of the Gramsci children, and Carlo, the youngest.
		Antonio and Julka had two sons, Delio (1924-1981), and Giuliano, born in 1926, who lives today in Moscow with his wife.
		Gramsci had a prodigious memory, but it is safe to say that without Sraffa's assistance, and without the intermediary role often played by Tania, the Prison Notebooks as we have them would not have come to fruition.
	soc.qc.cuny.edu /gramsci/intro/engbio.html (1337 words)

	Gramsci And The U.S. Body Politic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Born At Ales, Italy on January 1891, Antonio Gramsci was the fourth son of Francesco Gramsci, a clerk in the local registrar's office.
		Gramsci perceived that in a western society the bond between the ruler and the ruled was what kept it together, and this bond was what created "hegemony." And where was that bond?
		Gramsci was right when he said that all men have intellectual concerns outside their field of activity.
	www.grecoreport.com /gramsci_and.htm (1887 words)

	Antonio Gramsci and Commuism Today
		The figure of Antonio Gramsci is emblematic of the profound dichotomy between progress and reaction marking Europe since the end of the Nineteenth century.
		Antonio Gramsci was one of the early critics of the structures of Stalinist Communism, even though he did not live to experience the total degeneration of Soviet Communism.
		Gramsci considered mass media the instrument used by the dominant class to spread its hegemony, but he pointed out that the media can also be used to counter that hegemony.
	www.southerncrossreview.org /46/stewart-gramsci.htm (2445 words)

	Amazon.ca: Selections from the Prison Notebooks: Books: Antonio Gramsci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In this collection Gramsci's theory of "hegemony" in class societies is fully presented, together with his intepretation of Marxism both in philosophy and in the analysis of the modern world.
		Gramsci was on of the foremost leaders of the Italian Communist Party; in his trial in 1927 the fascist Public Prosecutor proclaimed that his brain must be stopped from functioning for twenty years.
		Gramsci's Prison Notebooks marks one of the nodal points of Western Marxism's break with Leninism and the breed of marxism born of the Bolshevik Revolution.
	www.amazon.ca /Selections-Prison-Notebooks-Antonio-Gramsci/dp/071780397X (942 words)

	Hegemony
		A major piece of Gramsci's project is to show that civil society's ways of establishing and organizing human relationships and consciousness are deeply political, and should in fact be considered integral to class domination (and to the possibility of overcoming it), particularly in Western Europe.
		Gramsci asserts that the "massive structures of the modern democracies, both as State organizations, and as complexes of associations in civil society, constitute for the art of politics as it were the 'trenches' and the permanent fortifications of the front in the war of position.
		Gramsci also argues against the view that the working classes can overthrow the bourgeoisie simply through military strikes—"to fix one's mind on the military model is the mark of a fool: politics, here too, must have priority over its military aspect, and only politics creates the possibility for manoeuvre and movement" (SPN 232).
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/hegemony.html (2186 words)

	Epic - blended learning and knowledge solutions
		Informal education along with defined roles of for intellectuals and redefining schools, are all main themes for Gramsci.
		This was a powerful force in 20th century socialist thinking, where intellectuals, and worker's education, were regarded as being at the vanguard of working class consciousness and struggle.
		Gramsci related Marxism directly to the institutions of education and saw them as playing a key role in the ideological revolution.
	www.epic.co.uk /content/resources/email_newsletter/Gramsci.htm (477 words)

	Antonio Gramsci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fordisme, fascisme en passieve revolutie bij Antonio Gramsci.
		Gramsci and revolution: a necessary clarification Issue: 109 Roberto Robaina The name of Antonio Gramsci is regularly invoked internationally by people looking for a version of Marxism that avoids...
		Antonio Gramsci, a Marxist theoretician of the 1920s and 1930s, argued that the "revolution" would not be achieved through street fighting and mobilizing the working class.
	www.iambantonio.com /antoniogramsci (774 words)

	Antonio Gramsci
		Gramsci was disillusioned by the unwillingness of the Italian Socialist Party to advocate revolutionary struggle.
		Gramsci visited the Soviet Union in 1922 and two years later became leader of the communists in parliament.
		Gramsci believed that the only way the power of the state could be overthrown was when the majority of the workers desired revolution.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWgramsci.htm (934 words)

	Amazon.com: Antonio Gramsci: Architect of a new politics (Political traditions in foreign policy series): Books: Dante ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gramsci saw society as composed of a small but powerful political center and a large body of emarginati -- marginalized people at the periphery of society, who are denied access to traditional positions of power.
		Gramsci's approach is perhaps best expressed as a reunion of philosophy and experience and revaluation of the quotidian.
		Gramsci's insistence on the international Communist movement's openness to new social formations at the grass roots is supremely relevant to developments in Romania, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Poland, where forces hitherto kept at the margins of political life by ossified Communist-party structures have burst on the scene with unprecedented vitality.
	www.amazon.com /Antonio-Gramsci-Architect-Political-traditions/dp/0807115533 (637 words)

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