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	Manuel Noriega - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) was a Panamanian general and the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989.
		Noriega claims that the Civic Crusade was the handiwork of U.S. Embassy chargé d'affaires John Maisto, who arranged for Civic Crusade leaders to travel to the Philippines to learn the tactics of the U.S.-supported movement to overthrow Ferdinand Marcos.
		Noriega supporters mocked the demonstrations of the Civic Crusade as "the protest of the Mercedes Benz", deriding the wealthy ladies for banging on teflon-coated pots and pans (unlike the cruder and louder pots and pans traditionally banged by the poor in South American protests), or sending their maids to protest for them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manuel_Noriega (2457 words)

	The United States v. Noriega
		Noriega also allegedly traveled to Havana, Cuba and met with Cuban president Fidel Castro, who, according to the indictment, mediated a dispute between Noriega and the Cartel caused by the Panamanian troops' seizure of a drug laboratory that Noriega was paid to protect.
		Noriega's counsel then moved to dismiss the indictment on the ground that United States laws could not be applied to a foreign leader whose alleged illegal activities all occurred outside the territorial bounds of the United States.
		The fact that Noriega is alleged to have utilized his official position to engage in criminal activity does not, as Defendant suggests, cast his actions in a public light; as we well know, government officials are as capable of exploiting their positions of power for private, selfish ends as they are for public purpose.
	www.gwu.edu /~jaysmith/Noriega.html (5582 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Manuel Antonio Noriega appeals: (1) his multiple convictions stemming from his involvement in cocaine trafficking; [1] and (2) the district court's denial of his motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence.
		Noriega challenges his convictions on five distinct grounds: the first three relate to the district court's decision to exercise jurisdiction over this case and the final two concern evidentiary rulings by the district court.
		Noriega points to no evidence that the government had actual knowledge of the alleged payment by the Cali Cartel, but he insists that it should be charged with constructive knowledge of the bribe.
	laws.lp.findlaw.com /11th/924687MAN.htm (7851 words)

	General Manuel Noriega Panama, Dictator of the Month April, 2002
		General Manuel Antonio Noriega (born February 11, 1934) was a Panamanian general and the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989.
		Born in Panama City, Noriega was a career soldier, receiving much of his education at the Military School de Chorrillos in Lima, Peru and at the School of the Americas in Fort Benning, Georgia.
		Noriega was on the CIA payroll since the early 1970s, as former CIA Director Admiral Stansfield Turner admitted in 1988, and he retained U.S. support until February 5, 1988 when the DEA had him indicted on federal drug charges relating to his activities before 1984.
	www.dictatorofthemonth.com /Noriega/Apr2002NoriegaEN.htm (835 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Noriega claims to have spent his childhood in his mother’s home village of Yaviza, in Darién Province, near the border with Colombia.
		Noriega suppressed a military coup attempt in October, but two months later the U.S. military launched Operation Just Cause, invading Panama and installing Endara as president.
		Captured and flown to the U.S. in January 1990, Noriega was found guilty in April 1992 of racketeering and cocaine trafficking, making him the first foreign head of state ever convicted in a U.S. court.
	historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..no054850.a (774 words)

	Politics: US Accomplice to Noriega's Crimes
		Manuel Noriega, as the key mediator between the White House and the Cartel, was the linch-pin of this arrangement.
		Perhaps initially unaware of Noriega's early support of the Sandinistas and the Salvadoran rebels (the main cause of his eventual downfall), the Reagan Administration was fully apprised of his connections with the Medellin Cartel, essentially from 1982.
		Noriega then redistributed these to Contra bases in Honduras and Costa Rica, flying the same planes used by the Cartel for transporting cocaine to the U.S. In 1985, Noriega helped Oliver North in an operation to sabotage Sandinista facilities in Nicaragua.
	howardgarcia.com /Articles/Noriegas_Crimes.htm (956 words)

	Noriega Convicted on 8 Drug and Racketeering Charges
		Deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Antonio Noriega was convicted on eight of 10 drug and racketeering charges Thursday, two years after the United States took the extraordinary step of invading a foreign country to bring its leader to trial.
		Noriega, 58, sitting ramrod straight in his general's uniform at the defense table, showed no emotion as a court clerk read eight "guilty" verdicts and two "not guilty" verdicts on lesser charges.
		Noriega was then led away by U.S. marshals to a private room to confer with his family.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V112/N19/noriega.19w.html (886 words)

	americas.org - U.S. Judge Cuts Noriega Term (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Noriega’s attorneys had asked for a reduction to 15 years based on Noriega’s service as a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency “asset.” Hoeveler said Noriega would be eligible for release in 2007.
		He explained the sentence reduction on grounds of a “disparity between the defendant’s sentence and the sentences served by his co-conspirators” and on the onerous nature of Noriega’s confinement—the former Panamanian leader is alone in a two-cell suite at a federal prison.
		Noriega also faces two 20-year prison sentences in Panama for the murder of military doctor Hugo Spadafora and for the shooting of soldiers who rebelled against his government in 1989.
	www.americas.org /item_11158 (126 words)

	Noriega's return to Panama ruled out (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Noriega, who was in Panama's government between 1983 and 1989 when he was overthrown by the US, will be released from a prison in Florida on September 9, 2007.
		Rognoni said that once Noriega is out of prison in the US, he will live as a civilian, but out of his country.
		After the announcement that Noriega will be released in 2007 was made, the Public Ministry said it would revise the pending punishments in the country to ask the US for his extradition once he is released.
	www.quepasa.com /english/news/latinamerica/Noriega.return.Panama/445470.html (362 words)

	Noriega, Manuel - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Commander of the Panamanian Defense Forces from 1983, Noriega consolidated the strong-armed rule inherited from Gen. Omar Torrijos Herrera, and became the de facto leader of Panama.
		Noriega was captured and brought to the United States to stand trial.
		He was convicted (Apr., 1992) on charges of racketeering, money laundering, and drug trafficking, and sentenced to 40 years in prison.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/Noriega.asp (273 words)

	americas.org - Noriega Denied Parole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Noriega is serving a 30-year prison sentence for drug smuggling at a private apartment-like cell complex at the Federal Correctional Institute in Southwest Miami-Dade.
		Hoeveler originally sentenced Noriega to 40 years on July 10, 1992, but reduced the sentence to 30 years on March 4, 1999.
		Noriega was arrested by U.S. authorities during a U.S. military invasion of Panama on December 20, 1989.
	www.americas.org /item_14217 (92 words)

	Amazon.com: America's Prisoner:: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega: Books: Peter Eisner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		General Noriega, the Panamanian leader the Bush administration captured and put on trial after invading the country in December 1989, provides his own account from federal prison of the events leading up to his capture and trial and the twisted logic of the United States in embarking on its invasion strategy.
		Noriega's support of policies that began with the Torrijos administration on raising living standards among the nation's poor seems to be sincere; no doubt this is connected with his Catholic faith and his familiarity with the Bible, which is quoted in several places in the book.
		Noriega also writes fondly about his career in the Panamanian military and the honor, discipline and professionalism associated with this career and the duties he performed on behalf of his country.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0679432272?v=glance (2626 words)

	What You Won't Read About Michael Harari, Noriega Is Israeli Adviser Who Got Away
		Harari knew Noriega particularly well because, during the period "the Pineapple" was working as Torrijos' intelligence chief, and moonlighting as a $200,000 a year informant for the CIA and for Cuba as well, he also had become an informant for Israel's Mossad.
		Harari also instructed Noriega's personal bodyguard and his "Special Anti-Terror Unit." Harari obtained advanced technical equipment and weapons for them, and there is no doubt he taught them how to anticipate and neutralize many of the attempts to monitor Noriega's activities launched by American intelligence officers from their bases in the Canal Zone.
		The US break with Noriega, and a 1987 request to Israel to cut its ties with the Panamanian strongman, apparently resulted from reports that Noriega was using information he gathered while working with the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to help drug smugglers avoid DEA detection of their aircraft.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0290/9002005.htm (2697 words)

	MySA.com: Nation \| World
		Noriega was not making things any easier for his American friends by violently cracking down on dissident groups — photos of presidential candidate Guillermo Endara being clubbed by paramilitary troops were seen around the world — and annulling the May 1989 elections, which Endara was widely believed to have won.
		Noriega meekly surrendered to U.S. forces two weeks after the invasion, at the Vatican Embassy in downtown Panama City, where he had been granted refuge.
		Noriega did not respond to a written request for an interview, but two of Noriega's three daughters insist the family fortune has disappeared, frozen by U.S. authorities.
	www.mysanantonio.com /news/nation/stories/1088323.html (5497 words)

	CNN.com - Noriega back in prison after stroke - Dec 6, 2004
		An assistant to Noriega attorney Frank Rubino said the former leader told her Monday he was in good spirits, although tired.
		Noriega was taken into federal custody after the U.S. military's December 1989 invasion of Panama.
		Noriega was convicted in 1992 and sentenced to 40 years in prison.
	www.cnn.com /2004/US/12/06/noriega.stroke/index.html (242 words)

	TIME.com: Panama Noriega's Money Machine -- Feb. 22, 1988 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Noriega, head of the Panama Defense Forces and de facto ruler of the country since 1983, is charged with accepting more than $4.6 million in bribes, most of it from the so-called Medellin cartel of powerful narcotics lords, who are based in Colombia's second largest city.
		By Blandon's account, Noriega is the richest man in Panama, with a dozen houses, a fleet of automobiles and net assets of between $200 million and $600 million.
		Noriega agreed, Blandon said, though he was at the same time selling arms to Marxist insurgents in El Salvador.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,1101880222-148712,00.html (1359 words)

	[No title]
		Antonio Rivera, Tadeo Rivera, Miguel GonzÃ¡lez, Tadeo GonzÃ¡lez, RamÃ³n de Villa, Ysidro LÃ³pez, Juan Lusiano, AgustÃn de AlarcÃ³n, Xavier Gonzalez, Felipe Carrillo.
		Testigos: Manuel RamÃrez, Antonio Guadalupe Galas, Juan Romero.
		Testigos: Alejandro Esquibel, JosÃ© JoaquÃn Velasquez, JosÃ© Antonio Zubia.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/utlac/00083/00083p1.xml (7831 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Manuel Noriega (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Panamanian President Manuel Noriega was removed from government by US troops and taken to Miami to face trial for drug charges.
		The latest sentence, reported in local media Thursday, was the result of an anti-corruption investigation that found that Noriega had mismanaged $1.5 million from the state-run agriculture and livestock bank.
		Noriega, deposed in a 1989 U.S. invasion, is now serving a 30-year sentence in Miami on drug-trafficking charges.
	www.zoominfo.com /Search/PersonDetail.aspx?PersonID=1178869&pc= (1614 words)

	A Short History of Saddam-Bush-Noriega Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		"Noriega thought there's no way they can come after me.
		Noriega wasn't stupid - but, hey, they did," writes Martin.
		used to say about Noriega 'He may be a right wing butcher, but he s OUR right wing butcher.' The same could be said about Saddam Hussein.
	www.prisonplanet.com /12200saddamnoriega.html (473 words)

	The Conversion of Manuel Noriega
		Noriega was "Public Enemy No. 1" during the time leading up to the U.S. invasion of Panama in December 1989.
		Noriega’s baptism almost didn’t happen because of his high security status, opposition from the Catholic chaplain and daunting logistical problems.
		Noriega was allowed to give a brief testimony and be served the Lord’s Supper before being escorted back to his maximum security cell.
	www.arm.org /noriega.htm (1495 words)

	Manuel Noriega - Demopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Manuel Noriega's ties to U.S. intelligence agencies began in the 1950's when he started as an informant about his fellow classmates at a military academy.
		Oliver North, who met with Noriega's representative, described the meeting in an August 23, 1986 e-mail message to Reagan national security advisor John Poindexter.
		North tells Poindexter that Noriega can assist with sabotage against the Sandinistas, and suggests paying Noriega a million dollars -- from "Project Democracy" funds raised from the sale of U.S. arms to Iran -- for the Panamanian leader's help in destroying Nicaraguan economic installations.
	demopedia.democraticunderground.com /index.php/Manuel_Noriega (510 words)

	CNN.com - Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami - Dec 4, 2004
		Rubino said Noriega was taken to an undisclosed Miami hospital after what was called a very minor stroke.
		No neurological damage has been detected and Noriega may be returning to his Miami-area federal prison cell, the lawyer said.
		Noriega was initially a strong ally of the United States.
	www.cnn.com /2004/US/12/04/noriega.stroke/index.html (215 words)

	Don Antonio Noriega
		Don Antonio was knighted on 23 July 1801, and Goya’s portrait may commemorate that event.
		In a gesture of nonchalance, Don Antonio rests his hand inside his unbuttoned vest, implying his authority and control over the country’s finances.
		While fleeing from the Napoleonic invaders in 1808, Don Antonio was assassinated by Spaniards who, mistakenly, thought he had collaborated with the French army.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/gg52/gg52-45890.0.html (156 words)

	What shall we do about Noriega? - Manuel Antonio Noreiga - column National Review - Find Articles
		THERE ISN'T any doubt about it, Manuel Antonio Noriega is an evil man, a menace to the hygiene of Panama and a massive way-station for drugs directed to American consumers.
		But the case against Noriega inevitably confronts us with other problems than the delicate one of how you can force a country to extradite its leader.
		There is one way in which we could damage General Noriega, and that is to suspend all the drug importation laws.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n5_v40/ai_6454907 (838 words)

	Sirias, Will General Noriega return to Panama?
		And in 1990, at the age of 51 (although some claim that Noriega is five years older than his officially given age), the general was sentenced to forty years in prison (later reduced to 30).
		Even the members of the PRD --- the party he helped found and once led --- seemed relieved that he was behind bars in a foreign country.
		He has limited himself to stating that Noriega’s return is not a concern of his government, but of the judicial system.
	www.thepanamanews.com /pn/v_12/issue_08/opinion_01.html (833 words)

	Chicanos and Film
		“Noriega has done a commendable job of organizing the disparate visions and emphases of the essays; the result provides insight into the practice of criticism but also contextualizes the practice within the wider American social reality.
		Noriega’s collection of essays is essential to research and indispensable to any graduate course, in the areas of Chicano film or popular culture.
		Chon A. Noriega is associate professor of critical studies in the Department of Film and Television at UCLA.
	www.upress.umn.edu /Books/N/noriega_chicanos.html (371 words)

	Anecdote - Manuel Antonio Noriega - Forgotten Dictators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega (serving time in a Florida prison after being convicted of drug trafficking in 1992), politely declined to meet with Orizio.
		As he explained in a letter, he was not yet in the category of "forgotten dictators." "God," he declared, "has not yet written the last word on Manuel A. Noriega!"
		Noriega, Manuel Antonio (1936-) Panamanian general, commander in chief of the Panamanian National Guard, head of state (1985-1992) [noted for his conviction in the United States on drug trafficking charges (1992)]
	www.anecdotage.com /index.php?aid=15351 (165 words)

	Tony Noriega gets a parole date
		Whisked away from Panama in the wake of the December 1989 US invasion without benefit of legal extradition proceedings, Noriega was convicted in a Miami federal district court of drug trafficking and conspiracy charges and sentenced to 40 years in prison.
		William Hoeveler, the trial judge in the case, upheld the general’s claim to prisoner of war status, which has given Noriega some unique privileges at the federal detention center in Miami where he is held.
		Some of Noriega’s friends and lawyers, however, argue that the US non-response to the 1994 extradition request or the former strongman’s prisoner of war status would legally serve to prevent his forced return to Panama.
	www.thepanamanews.com /pn/v_11/issue_18/news_04.html (471 words)

	Noriega Family Crest
		Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: Migrants to the New World included Isabel Noriega, who was recorded in Guatemala in 1538; Antonio Noriega, who was among the "Spanish bluecoats" from Catalonia, who served in Northwestern New Spain in 1781.
		In continental Europe, the most ancient recorded family crest was discovered upon the monumental effigy of a Count of Wasserburg in the church of St. Emeran, at Ratisobon, Germany...
		In the Noriega coat of arms as in all coat of arms the crest is only one element of the full armorial achievement.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.fc/qx/noriega-family-crest.htm?a=54323-224 (563 words)

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