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Topic: Antonius Primus

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Histories by Tacitus
		Antonius, as he hurried with the veteran soldiers of the cohorts and part of the cavalry to invade Italy, was accompanied by Arrius Varus, an energetic soldier.
		Antonius threw himself in the way with his sword drawn, protesting that he would die either by the soldiers' hands or by his own; whenever he saw any one who was known to him, or who was distinguished by any military decoration, he summoned him by name to his assistance.
		Antonius then assigned to each legion the attack on some portion of the entrenchments, and on one particular gate, seeking by this division of labour to distinguish the cowardly from the brave, and to stimulate his men by an honourable rivalry.
	classics.mit.edu /Tacitus/histories.3.iii.html (11395 words)

	Marcus Antonius Primus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marcus Antonius Primus, Roman general, was born at Tolosa (Toulouse) in Gaul about A.D. During the reign of Nero he was resident in Rome and a member of the senate, from which he was expelled for forgery in connection with a will and was banished from the city.
		Primus must have been alive during the reign of Domitian, since four epigrams of Martial are addressed to him.
		Tacitus describes him as brave in action, ready of speech, clever at bringing others into odium, powerful in times of civil war and rebellion, greedy, extravagant, in peace a bad citizen, in war an ally not to be despised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marcus_Antonius_Primus (299 words)

	Battle of Bedriacum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When Vitellius heard of Antonius' approach, he dispatched Caecina with a powerful army composed of XXI Rapax, V Alaudae, I Italica and XXII Primigenia together with detachments from seven other legions and a force of auxiliaries.
		Antonius was now based at Bedriacum, and advanced towards Cremona with a force of cavalry.
		Antonius' troops had the better of the fighting, and the Vitellian troops retreated to their camp outside Cremona.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Bedriacum (1317 words)

	Tacitus - HISTORIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		[3.6] Antonius, as he hurried with the veteran soldiers of the cohorts and part of the cavalry to invade Italy, was accompanied by Arrius Varus, an energetic soldier.
		[3.15] On this becoming known to Antonius, he determined to attack the hostile armies, while they were still distracted in feeling and divided in strength, before the generals could recover their authority, and the soldiers their subordination along with that confidence which would spring from the junction of the legions.
		Antonius summoned them to an assembly, and explained to them that Vitellius had still forces, which would waver in their loyalty if they had time to reflect, but would be fierce foes if driven to despair.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Tacitus/TacitusHistory03.html (19019 words)

	Tacitus, The Works of Tacitus, vol. 4 - History (Books 3-5), Germany, Agricola ToC: The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Antonius opposed them with his sword drawn, with protestations that he himself would first perish by their hands or his own; and where-ever he espied any particular men known to him, or distinguished by the ornaments of their station in the army, all such he called by name to assist him.
		Antonius having now conveyed himself into the crowd, after he had by his presence and authority procured silence, declared, “That of no part of their glory, of no part of their recompence sought he to deprive men so well deserving: but between an army and its Leaders the duties were shared and distinct.
		Hence to Primus and Varus he sent frequent letters, full of doublings and uncertainty, now urging them to pursue their designs with vigour, anon recommending the advantages of procrastination and coolness, in a style so contrived, that conformably to the issue, whatever it were, he might easily disown all miscarriages, or easily challenge all success.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0067.04 (16232 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Histories (Vol II), by Tacitus, translated by W. Hamilton Fyfe.
		Antonius then told off each legion to assault a different point of the rampart or one of the gates, hoping that by thus separating them he could distinguish the cowards from the brave and inflame them with a spirit of honourable rivalry.
		Antonius ordered his men to bring fire and apply it to the most beautiful of the buildings outside the walls, hoping that the loss of their property might induce the citizens to turn traitor.
		Antonius, ashamed of his crime, and realizing his growing disfavour, proclaimed that no citizen of Cremona was to be kept as a prisoner of war; and, indeed, the unanimous feeling in Italy against buying such slaves had already frustrated the soldiers' hope of profit.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/6/9/2/16927/16927-h/ii.html (14682 words)

	Tacitus: Histories. Book 4
		The influence of Primus Antonius and Varus Arrius was destroyed; for the irritation of Mucianus against them, though not revealed in his looks, was but ill-concealed, and the country, keen to discover such dislikes, had changed its tone and transferred its homage.
		But Mucianus found his principal cause of apprehension in Primus Antonius and Varus Arrius, who, in the freshness of their fame, while distinguished by great achievements and by the attachment of the soldiery, were also supported by the people, because in no case had they extended their severities beyond the battle-field.
		Nor would he suffer Antonius Primus to be taken into the number of Domitian's attendants, for he felt uneasy at his popularity with the troops, and feared the proud spirit of the man, who could not endure an equal, much less a superior.
	www.chieftainsys.freeserve.co.uk /tacitus_histories04.htm (21196 words)

	Journals of Antonius - Part III
		Primus forces the door open to reveal more of the same, except for a small door leading to a full cistern and a large chest which when opened reveals a passage to the room below.
		Primus takes a little longer and rummages through everything more carefully, until he comes across a short sword made of the same metal as the helmet he has recently acquired.
		Primus gives him a yellow ring for which Canelius reveals that Yarrow is being kept within the Senate and will be fed to the Evashu.
	www.ketherian.org /paxtharda/people/pcs/antonius/anjour3.htm (12409 words)

	The Histories [of Ancient Rome] by Cornelius Tacitus:book 3
		Primus, Aponianus and Messalla did their best, but it was not so much their efforts that saved Saturninus as the dark hiding-place in which he was skulking - he had concealed himself in the furnace-house in a villa that happened to be untenanted.
		Antonius was quick to press his advantage home and ride down resistance, while his troops, following their bent, plundered the fallen, took prisoner the survivors, and deprived the enemy of arms and mounts.
		Antonius, thoroughly ashamed of the dreadful deed and worried by the mounting scandal which it caused, issued a proclamation that no one should keep prisoner a citizen of Cremona.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/tacitusc/histries/chap10.htm (8313 words)

	The Histories [of Ancient Rome] by Cornelius Tacitus:book 3
		Antonius and the other Flavian leaders decided that the cavalry should be sent forward and a general reconnaissance of Umbria made in the hope of finding some way of access to the summit of the Apennines by a fairly gentle gradient.
		Antonius resented this, and in his turn blamed Mucianus, whose accusations, he said, had robbed his own desperate endeavours of their value.
		Antonius had his men paraded, and pointed out that Vitellius still disposed of considerable forces, which might well prove to be of doubtful loyalty if they were given time to think things over, but would offer desperate resistance if hope were denied them.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/tacitusc/histries/chap12.htm (9771 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 722 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A sudden inundation of the Rhine prevented Saturninus from receiving the assistance of the barbarians which had been promised him, and he was in consequence conquered without difficulty by L. Appius Maximus, the general of Domitian.
		Maximus burnt all the letters of Antonius, that others might not be implicated in the revolt ; but Domitian did not imitate the magnanimity of his general, for he seized the pretext to put various persons to death along with Saturninus, and sent their heads to be exposed on the Rostra at Rome.
		But Primus, who was anxious to obtain the supreme command, excited a mutiny of the soldiers against Saturninus, and compelled him to fly from the camp.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3056.html (765 words)

	Aulus Vitellius: part 4: The final months
		The commander of the seventh legion, Marcus Antonius Primus, became the chief commander of Vespasian's second army.
		In mid-September, the advance guard of the army of Antonius Primus invaded Italy.
		Now Primus told his men that the battle was over -perhaps he really believed it- and ordered them to follow the 'fleeing' enemy.
	www.livius.org /vi-vr/vitellius/vitellius4.html (2065 words)

	e. The High Empire. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Antonius Primus, commander of the seventh legion in Pannonia, rallied all the Danubian legions to Vespasian and moved rapidly into northern Italy.
		When Antonius approached Rome, Vespasian's brother seized the Capitol, which was burnt in the ensuing struggle.
		The Vitellians fought bitterly in the city streets, but Vitellius was finally slain (Dec. 20).
	www.bartleby.com /67/251.html (845 words)

	Vitellius - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		His messagers reached the legions of the Danube, which sided with him; they were commanded by a man named Marcus Antonius Primus.
		On 24 October 69, the armies of Vitellius and Antonius Primus met, again at Cremona.
		Antonius Primus now proceeded to Rome, where street fights took place and the temple of Jupiter on the Capitol was set afire.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Vitellius (582 words)

	PRIMUS, MARCUS ANTONIUS - Online Information article about PRIMUS, MARCUS ANTONIUS
		For a few days Primus was virtually ruler of Rome, and the senate bestowed upon him the See also:
		Mucianus he was not only obliged to surrender his authority, but was treated with such ignominy that he See also:
		Primus must have been alive during the reign of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PRE_PYR/PRIMUS_MARCUS_ANTONIUS.html (426 words)

	TRUE AUTHORSHIP OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
		The realization that Marcus Antonius Primus was a pseudonym of Arius Calpurnius Piso is based on these factors: 1.
		Marcus Antonius Primus' colleague in the campaign against Vitellius is named Arrius Varus (Tacitus, Histories III.6).
		His exploits as General Marcus Antonius Primus account for his absence from Judaea in the years 67-69, between his defeat as Cestius Gallus and his reappearing to assist Titus as the siege of Jerusalem in 70.
	members.tripod.com /ReuchlinA (1683 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Vitellius
		Among the Danube legions, however, and apparently without direct orders from Vespasian, the commander Marcus Antonius Primus took it upon himself to invade Italy in the late autumn of 69 with his own men and any who would join him.
		Primus' arrival at Rome initiated street-fights which did not end even with the death of Vitellius, discovered in hiding.
		Vespasian's younger son, Domitian, who had been at Rome even during the reign of Vitellius, assured a position of authority in anticipation of his father's arrival, but the city remained largely at the mercy of Primus and the Danubian troops.
	www.roman-emperors.org /vitell.html (618 words)

	That Upon The Conquest And Slaughter Of Vitellius Vespasian Hastened His Journey To Rome; But Titus His Son Returned To ...
		In the mean time, Antonius Primus took the third of the legions that were in Mysia, for he was president of that province, and made haste, in order to fight Vitellius; whereupon Vitellius sent away Cecinna, with a great army, having a mighty confidence in him, because of his having beaten Otho.
		Accordingly, he assembled the centurions and tribunes that were under his command, and persuaded them to go over to Antonius, and this by diminishing the reputation of Vitellius, and by exaggerating the power of Vespasian.
		But now within a day's time came Antonius, with his army, and were met by Vitellius and his army; and having had a battle in three several places, the last were all destroyed.
	www.interhack.net /projects/library/wars-jews/b4c11.html (409 words)

	Vespasian
		Antonius Primus, commander of the Sixth Legion in Pannonia, and Cornelius Fuscus, imperial procurator in Illyricum, now led the Danube legions in a rapid descent on Italy.
		On 17 December AD 69 an army sent to fight Primus and Fuscus defected to them at Narnia, leaving the way free to Rome.
		Two days later, on 20 December, the army of Primus and Fuscus fought its way into Rome against a determined defence.
	www.roman-empire.net /emperors/vespasian.html (1662 words)

	Romans in Britain - Biography of Vespasian
		The military in Gaul added their support and under Marcus Antonius Primus, they also marched to Rome.
		Mucianus arrived shortly afterwards and was angry with Primus for acting on his own without the authority of Vespasian to enter Rome.
		Despite this indiscretion, Primus was honoured and returned to Tolosa, leaving Mucianus to hold power pending the arrival of Vespasian.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /bio_vespasian.htm (935 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Histories, by Tacitus, translated by W. Hamilton Fyfe. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Antonius Primus with Arrius Varus hurries forward into Italy.
		Antonius crosses the Apennines and halts at Carsulae.
		Antonius marches as far as Ocriculum, sending Cerialis forward to Rome with 1,000 cavalry.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/6/9/2/16927/16927-h/16927-h.htm (3045 words)

	A Brief History of the Second Imperial Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		With a rippling effect, troops in Gaul under the command of Marcus Antonius Primus, declared their allegiance as well and began a march on Rome with a steadfast, but unauthorized, initiative.
		Though the march was not necessarily planned to be carried out so rapidly and carelessly, Primus was able to succeed in defeating a section of Vitellius’ army.
		Continuing on, Primus marched on Rome and to the surprise or Vespasian, he was able to take Rome and Vitellius, his son, and his brother Sabinus, were killed.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /forvm/Articles/The_Second_Imperial_Civil_War.htm (1669 words)

	NOVA ROMA ::: Camenaeum ::: Tacitus ::: Book IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Domitian had entered into possession of the title and residence of Caesar, but not yet applying himself to business, was playing the part of a son of the throne with debauchery and intrigue.
		After this, certain letters from Antonius to Civilis were read in full assembly, and provoked the suspicions of the soldiery, as they seemed to be addressed to a partisan of the cause and to be unfriendly to the army of Germany.
		At Rome report exaggerated all these disasters, and disturbed Mucianus with the fear that the generals, though distinguished men (for he had already appointed Gallus Annius and Petilius Cerialis to the command), would be unequal to the weight of so vast a war.
	www.novaroma.org /camenaeum/tacitus4.html (21294 words)

	01-14ash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ash locates herself firmly as a follower of Woodman (and Wiseman) in holding that Roman historiography should be read primarily as a rhetorical construct and that the focus of study should be on presentation more than on facts.[[1]] She aims 'primarily (though not only) to elucidate Tacitus' techniques as a literary artist' (p.
		Ash shows that Tacitus was not the victim of his sources in creating his Primus and that he presents eloquently the problems posed to Vespasian by a man like Primus in peacetime.
		Her analysis of Primus' speech at 3.2 shows him 'reinventing the past in such a way as to orchestrate the present' (p.
	www.classics.und.ac.za /reviews/0114ash.htm (1574 words)

	SparkNotes: The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE): Nero and the 'Year of the Four Emperors' (54-69)
		M. Antonius Primus, a Danube region general, gave Vespasianus support and military muscle.
		At what became known as Bedricum II, Primus was victorious and his forces plundered for four days.
		The latter had begun their uprising due to Primus' instigation so as to detain Vitellus Rhine area troops.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome3/section4.rhtml (2760 words)

	History in Review - Ordering Anarchy: Armies and Leaders in Tacitus' Histories
		Interwoven within the analysis of Tacitus' portrayal of Primus, is a discussion on how modern critics have interpreted Tacitus' style.
		Included is an acknowledgment that some critics have contended that Tacitus did not appreciate the defects inherent in the materials he used, and that as a consequence, his historiographical methodology was flawed.
		In response, Ash uses the analysis of Primus as a backdrop to discount these contentions, authoritatively proving that Tacitus had a firm grasp and understanding of the source materials that he used.
	www.largeprintreviews.com /HIRanarchy.html (888 words)

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