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Topic: Anyanya

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	Joseph Lagu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Years later he was to lead the "Anyanya", a rebel movement which fought the Sudanese government in the first civil war.
		The war ended in 1972, after an agreement signed by the Anyanya and Sudanese government led by president Jafar Mohammed El-Nimeri.
		Among Lagu's junior officers in Anyanya was John Garang who was later to become the chief architect of the second civil war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph_Lagu (276 words)

	Sudan - Political and Security Information
		The rebellion was led by Anyanya, a guerrilla movement that consisted largely of semi-autonomous groups in the South, fighting against the government, for greater autonomy of the southern states and transformation of the governing structures in Khartoum.
		The cause of the Anyanya was hampered by its looseness as a political and military movement.
		Anyanya reconstituted itself as the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement and superseded the various factions operating both in the South and in exile.
	www.iss.co.za /AF/profiles/Sudan/Politics.html (7747 words)

	First Sudanese Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Half a million people died over the 17 years of war, which may be divided into three stages: initial guerilla war, Anyanya and South Sudan Liberation Movement.
		However, the agreement that ended the fighting in 1972 failed to completely dispel the tensions that had originally caused the civil war, leading to a reigniting of the north-south conflict during the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005).
		(Anyanya is also known as Anyanya 1 in comparison to Anyanya 2, began with the 1974 mutiny of the military garrison in Akobo.) Starting from Equatoria, between 1963 and 1969 Anyanya spread throughout the other two southern provinces: Upper Nile and Bahr al Ghazal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War (826 words)

	Sol - Peace In Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Anyanya II This Southern Sudanese rebel (separatist) force was formed in the south in the late 1970’s.
		After the SPLA was formed and backed by Ethiopia in 1983, certain Anyanya II members resisted incorporation, and their leaders allied with Khartoum for military and political support.
		Groups of Anyanya II came from specific sections of the Gaajak Nuer of Maiwut, the Bul Nuer of Western Upper Nile, the Mor Lou of Akobo, and the Lak and Thiang Nuer of Zeraf Valley.
	www.sol-sd.com /war_n_peace/t12121.htm (2619 words)

	Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights: THE CHEVRON PERIOD: 1974-92
		Although Anyanya II was driven out of Ethiopia and some leaders killed, it did not dissolve but became a predominantly Nuer militia taking arms from the Sudanese government and fighting the SPLA.
		Anyanya II was particularly useful to the Sudanese government because of its location along the route from Bahr El Ghazal to the Ethiopian border, where it attacked SPLA recruits on their way to Ethiopian training camps.
		These former Anyanya were stationed in the southern towns of Bor, Ayod, and Nasir and they mutinied in mid-1983 and went to Ethiopia to join the SPLM/A. Speech, John Garang, March 3,1984, as reproduced in John Garang Speaks, ed.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2003/sudan1103/10.htm (9356 words)

	:: Gurtong Peace Project ::
		Sudan, the largest country in Africa, bordering nine countries, has been at war within itself for 30 of its 40 years of independence, that is, 17 years of the Anyanya war (1955-1972 and 13 years of the present war waged by the SPLA from 1983 to the present.
		Numeiri's abrogation of the Addis Ababa agreement and Southern frustration and dissatisfaction with it, coupled with the increased pace of Islamization and Arabization of the South, led to the outbreak of hostilities.
		On May 16th 1983, the Sudanese Army attacked one of its own units of the former Anyanya guerrillas absorbed in the national army, Battalions 105 and 104 that were stationed in Bor and Ayod respectively on the accusation that these units had rebelled or were about to rebel.
	www.gurtong.org /splm.asp (1323 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| The show goes on
		And, in the case of Sudan, this is doubly inspiring because it involves pertinent issues of race, ethnicity and religion.
		In 1972, the Addis Ababa agreement between the then military government of Jaafar Al-Numeiri and the Anyanya II secessionist movement of southern Sudan was greeted with much enthusiasm.
		Anyanya II leader Joseph Lago was made vice president of Sudan.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/751/re7.htm (1359 words)

	Welcome to Sudanese Articles and Analysies Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Under the Addis Ababa Accord, it was understood that the absorbed Anyanya unites would remain in the South and were not liable for transfer to any other part of Sudan.
		Nimeiri and his generals in the Army General Command had been attempting to affect the transfer of Anyanya units to the north, which resulted in several mutinies, such as in Akobo in 1975, Aweil and Wau in 1976, and Juba in 1977.
		Anyanya II wanted the old fashion methods and approaches to the issues of struggle, while SPLM/A wanted a novel enlightened approach to the same issues.
	www.sudaneseonline.com /earticle2005/may24-93153.shtml (6415 words)

	Dr. Alexandrowicz's ESL Web Site - USD
		The aims and objectives of this group were to liberate the South as a separate country from the North.
		Anyanya second fought for eight years to awaken Southerners and spread the seeds of rebellion.
		In 1983, the war escalated again with Nimieri's proclomation and the ensuing exodus of Southern masses to Ethiopia to join the Anyanya second in the liberation effort.
	www.sandiego.edu /esl/cultures/sudanese/sudanese_bk.html (1469 words)

	Guardian \| John Garang
		By the age of 10, he was orphaned, and might have stayed in Bor for the rest of his life, becoming a cattle herder like his father and grandfather, had a relative not sent him to school, first in nearby Wau, then across the Nile in Rumbek.
		In 1962, at the age of 17, Garang attempted to join the Anyanya uprising in southern Sudan, but was encouraged by its leaders to continue his secondary education in Tanzania.
		Garang realised that the peace agreement was doomed, even before Nimeiri abrogated it in 1983 and imposed sharia throughout the country.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5253715-103684,00.html (910 words)

	Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights: Main Rebel and Militia Forces in Southern Sudan Named in this Report
		Member of Anyanya briefly at the end of the first civil war in 1972, and was incorporated into the Sudan army, earned a PhD in the U.S. in agricultural/environmental studies, and having attained the rank of colonel in the Sudan army, was a founder of the SPLM/A in Ethiopia in 1983.
		Kerubino Kuanyin Bol (deceased September 1999) Anyanya officer, then incorporated into the Sudan army after 1972, he was leader of the Bor mutineers whose rebellion lead to the formation of the SPLA in Ethiopia in 1983.
		An Anyanya veteran and founder of the SPLM/A, he joined the separatist Anyanya II and fought against the SPLA from 1983-88, when he led the reconciliation of most Anyanya II with the SPLA.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2003/sudan1103/6.htm (3142 words)

	SudanTribune article : Sudan SPLM leadership Bio-data and profiled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Kerubino Kwanyn Bol: former Anyanya, and then Lt. Colonel in the SPAF and a commander in the 13th Brigade in Upper Nile.
		Began as an NCO in the Anyanya I. SPLA Chief of Staff; Headed New Funj Batallion in attack on Kurmuk, 10-11/1989.
		Modi Wurnyang; A Latuka, and former Anyanya I commander, reportedly transferred by SPLA to Southern Kordofan in 1989 during an SPLA effort to reduce tribalism in the rebel ranks.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=13221 (2733 words)

	Welcome To African Echo
		At that time, he was a junior member of the Anyanya...," writes Museveni, a great friend of Garang.
		Garang was part of the Anyanya (stinking poison) movement, an earlier struggle for southern Sudanese autonomy.
		The Anyanya fought the Islamist Sudanese government until 1972, when a peace deal was reached.
	www.africanecho.co.uk /africanechonews1-august12.html (1152 words)

	FWB, December 1993
		In fact, most of these peoples are distinct racially, culturally, and linguistically, as well as religiously, from northern Sudanese; they are members of the mostly tall and very-fl-skinned Nilotic race and include the Dinka (with the largest population), Nuer, Nuba, Bari, and about a dozen other nationalities.
		From about 1969 to 1972, the "Anyanya" movement of Latuko, Madi, Bari, Acholi, Zande, and other peoples from the mountainous southern border region of Sudan waged a defensive war against invaders from the north.
		The word "Anyanya," which means "snake venom" in the Madi language, stood for a concept around which the mobilization took shape; the image was the snakesmall but deadly, especially if stepped on.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /public/fwc/Issue6/sudan-1.html (854 words)

	Andrew Kitara Psalm 68
		Particularly striking is "Love to Love," perhaps the best song Kitara has released on his two albums thus far, with its simple yet resonating refrain, "They love to hate, they hate to love.
		I love to love, I hate to hate." Also solid are "As Long As Forever," "Soldiers Overstand," the title track, and "Anyanya V.," which oddly is repeated from Kitara's first album.
		The music is rich, featuring the type of weeping guitar backing that we're accustomed to from Lucky Dube -- a haunting, sorrowful sound that's almost like African country music.
	www.reggae-reviews.com /kitara.html (556 words)

	Idi Amin: London stooge against Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Obote stated, in a later interview, ``The government of Uganda as such was not involved in aiding the Anyanya but was involved in finding political solutions in the Sudanese conflict.
		The arrest of Steiner brought out the fact that Israel was using Uganda to supply Anyanya.'' Obote was couped while he was in Nairobi, on his way back from the Singapore Commonwealth conference.
		As he relates, ``It is doubtful that Amin, without the urging of the Israelis, would have staged a successful coup in 1971....
	www.aboutsudan.com /dossiers/idi_amin.htm (949 words)

	The Monitor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When President Yoweri Museveni's army, the National Resistance Army (NRA) captured power in 1986, the defeated northerner-dominated Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) was dubbed the Anyanya.
		That the Anyanya were accused of committing atrocities in the so-called Luwero Triangle, the arena of Museveni's five-year guerrilla war, did not give one a charitable impression of them.
		Yet, as I stood at Gulu Bus Park with my travel bag slung over my shoulder, what was foremost on my mind was a colleague who was imprisoned by the UPDF in this town a year earlier.
	www.monitor.co.ug /specialincludes/agenda/rd04082.php (1681 words)

	Gurtong.com
		The history of Southern Sudan liberation struggle is well punctuated by violent factionalism that goes back to Awenyibul split of Anyanya I, Cokora, the first split of SPLM/A in 1983, Nasir Declaration of 1991, and on going splits that tend to further fragmentation of the Southern struggle everyday.
		For instance, in the first Anyanya War of the 1960s, they used Southern traditional religious leaders and tribal chieftains to fight their war with Anyanya forces.
		In this second round of the war, they have been using Southern armed factions to fight their war with the Mainstream SPLM/A since the first split of the movement in 1983.
	www.gurtong.com /editors2.asp?id=172 (1513 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		It was called "Anyanya I" and was a struggle for a separate South Sudan state.
		The war erupted again in 1982/1983, when President Jaffar Numeiri violated the agreement, and has continued to the present.
		The new rebel movement was first named "Anyanya II," later on changing into the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army.
	nationaudio.com /News/EastAfrican/14072003/Opinion/Letters77786.html (280 words)

	The Challenges of Peace: Religion and Peacemaking: U.S. Institute of Peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Similarly, the Anyanya struggle that followed drew its leadership, cadre and support from every ethnicity in the South.
		Whatever cleavages existed within the Anyanya and the internal front reflected differences of opinion and strategy not tribal groupings.
		The real test of the ability of the South to govern itself came during the ten years of limited autonomy under the Addis Ababa agreement.
	www.usip.org /religionpeace/rehr/sudanconf/wondu.html (4793 words)

	SouthSudan.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To hindsight, The anyanya one under leadership of Emilio Tafeng and Joseph Lagu after Mr.
		Tafeng became too old, and then followed by the Anyanya two whose principle on secession as in Anyanya-one.
		I surmise that they have coined what will be sometime calls "South Sudan State" after our social option.
	www.southsudan.net /Gai.html (441 words)

	ENVIRONMENTAL SCARCITY
		Their rebellion formed the nucleus of the Anyanya separatist movement, which was to fight Sudan's first civil war for seventeen years." (2)
		This feeling was compounded when the central government ignored the concerns of local people when it gave the go-ahead for the construction of the Jonglei canal through the swamps of the Sudd.
		The SPLA, unlike the Anyanya movement, announced that it was not fighting for an independent South: its declared aim was a unified secular and democratic Sudan.
	www.ifaanet.org /ifaapr/18_years.htm (7135 words)

	Quotations from Nuer Narratives
		In my view they began with Anyanya I. That conflict began when our people acquired weapons, but it was concluded with the peace agreement of 1972.
		When Anyanya I, they moved across the land here and there.
		When Anyanya II began they had utter contempt for the chiefs and the courts and the system of law began to break down across the land.
	southsudanfriends.org /wunlit/nuernarr.html (16768 words)

	Amazon.com: Rajasahi Jelara bhasha andolana o anyanya prasanga: Books: Muhammada Ekaramula Haka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
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	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/9840731769?v=glance (324 words)

	Amazon.ca: Bamladese Ganatantrera Samkata O Anyanya Prasanga: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/9844590590 (99 words)

	Bamladese ganatantrera samkata o anyanya prasanga - Price Comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
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