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Topic: Aortic regurgitation

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Aortic insufficiency

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	Aortic insufficiency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aortic insufficiency (AI), also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.
		Aortic insufficiency can be due to abnormalities of either the aortic valve or the aortic root (the beginning of the aorta).
		This regurgitant flow causes a decrease in the diastolic blood pressure, and therefore an increase in the pulse pressure (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure) and hypertension.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aortic_insufficiency (1597 words)

	eMedicine - Aortic Regurgitation : Article by Jerry Balentine, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Regurgitation is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disturbance of the valvular apparatus (eg, leaflets, annulus of the aorta) resulting in diastolic flow of blood into the left ventricular chamber.
		The severity of the aortic regurgitation is dependent on the diastolic valve area, the diastolic pressure gradient between the aorta and left ventricle, and the duration of diastole.
		Acute aortic regurgitation: Symptoms are manifestations of cardiovascular collapse.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic39.htm (1236 words)

	Aortic Valve Disease
		Aortic stenosis, for the purposes of this chapter, refers to obstruction of flow at the level of the aortic valve, and will not include the sub- and supravalvular forms of this disease.
		For aortic stenosis due to a bicuspid valve, the approximate overall incidence of an anatomic bicuspid aortic valve is 1% to 2% of the population.
		Aortic regurgitation is defined by incompetence of the aortic valve, in which a portion of the left ventricular forward stroke volume returns to the chamber during diastole.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /diseasemanagement/cardiology/aortic_valve/aortic_valve.htm (3488 words)

	Aortic valve stenosis
		Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis — is a condition in which the heart's aortic valve narrows.
		Aortic valve stenosis is narrowing of the aortic valve.
		Aortic valve stenosis also may be related to age and the buildup of calcium deposits on heart valves or a history of rheumatic fever.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00418.html (2944 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation Cause, Eastern Carolina
		Some people are born with aortic valves that have only one (unicuspid valve) or two (bicuspid valve) leaflets, instead of the normal valve with three leaflets (triscupid).
		Endocarditis is a common cause of aortic valve regurgitation.
		Aortic root dilation can be caused by age, high blood pressure, a disorder of the body's connective tissues (Marfan's syndrome), syphilis, and autoimmune diseases, in which your immune system begins to attack your own body's cells.
	www.uhseast.com /152094.cfm (558 words)

	Best Practice Medicine- Professional Reference - Aortic Valve Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In a patient with a systolic murmur and suspected aortic stenosis, consider the possibility of ventricular septal defect, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or mitral regurgitation.
		Be aware that aortic stenosis may be poorly tolerated during pregnancy, because of the associated increase in blood volume and cardiac output.
		Be aware that aortic regurgitation is usually well tolerated during pregnancy, because there is a decrease in the afterload caused by uterine and placenta circulation.
	merck.micromedex.com /index.asp?page=bpm_brief&article_id=BPM01CA15 (1039 words)

	Bicuspid aortic valve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A bicuspid aortic valve is a heart condition that is usually due to a congenital deformity.
		A normal aortic valve has three cusps, whereas a bicuspid valve has only two.
		However, especially in later life, a bicuspid aortic valve may become calcified, which may lead to varying degrees of severity of aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation, which will manifest as murmurs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bicuspid_aortic_valve (126 words)

	Aortic Regurgitation, Heart Valve Disorders, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		In aortic regurgitation, some blood that has already been pumped out of the heart and into the aorta leaks backward into the heart.
		Aortic regurgitation may result when the aorta enlarges, often because of high blood pressure.
		Aortic regurgitation may occur quickly if a tear in the lining of the aorta (aortic dissection) or a bulge that forms in a weakened area of the aorta (aortic aneurysm) affects the aortic valve.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch48/ch48c.html (466 words)

	The Auscultation Assistant - Aortic Regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Aortic regurgitation is mostly seen in males, with a 3:1 ratio as compared to females.
		In 2/3 of cases, the regurgitation is secondary to rheumatic heart disease, and may have a component of aortic stenosis.
		Aortic regurgitation may also be primarily congenital or associated with syphilis infection, Marfan syndrome, or valvular deterioration due to infective endocarditis.
	www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu /ARMain.htm (281 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Aortic regurgitation
		Aortic regurgitation is a frequent complication of valvuloplasty of aortic stenosis.
		Degeneration or infection of prosthetic valves causes aortic regurgitation.
		The volume of aortic regurgitation can be quantified as the difference between the total left ventricular output (stroke volume x heart rate) calculated from ventriculography compared with the effective left ventricular output as measured by the Fick technique.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_v_2/a/aortic_regurgitation.aspx (606 words)

	Diseases of the Aortic Valve - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Aortic regurgitation is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60.
		Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve that often causes some degree of aortic regurgitation.
		Aortic stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the aortic valve.
	texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Cond/vaortic.cfm (762 words)

	Aortic insufficiency
		Aortic insufficiency is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve weakens or balloons, preventing the valve from closing tightly.
		In the past, rheumatic fever was the primary cause of aortic insufficiency.
		These include congenital conditions (abnormalities of the valve which are present at birth), endocarditis (valve infection), high blood pressure, Marfan's syndrome, aortic dissection (a tear in the lining of the aorta), ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, syphilis (now rare), and other disorders.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/000179.htm (302 words)

	Cardiology Advisor 2005.2: Aortic Valve Regurgitation
		Aortic valve regurgitation is leaking of one of the valves in the heart.
		The aortic valve is located at the opening from the left side of the heart (left ventricle) into the aorta.
		Aortic valve regurgitation is often called aortic regurgitation or aortic insufficiency.
	www.fairview.org /healthlibrary/content/ca_aorticvr_car.htm (922 words)

	The Semilunar Valves - Aortic Regurgitation
		If aortic regurgitation is the sole lesion, its severity may be gauged from the degree of left ventricular volume overload, but the duration and severity of the mitral or septal flutter are of no help in this regard.
		Thus, a major contribution of echocardiography to the management of aortic regurgitation is in determining the pathogenesis, and in providing a noninvasive method for monitoring left ventricular function.
		Aortic valve endocarditis is sometimes complicated by the development of a mycotic aneurysm, which can rupture into one of the other cardiac chambers, or by the spread of the infection to the tricuspid valve.
	www.echoincontext.com /int1/skillI1_14.asp (548 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Treatment for aortic valve regurgitation usually depends on whether you have symptoms from your leaky heart valve and whether your heart is pumping effectively.
		If your aortic valve regurgitation is getting worse and your heart is not able to compensate for the extra workload, your doctor will recommend that you have aortic valve replacement surgery, even if you do not have symptoms.
		People with symptomatic aortic valve regurgitation who do not have corrective surgery face progression to the severe stages of heart failure and, on average, have a life expectancy of 2 to 4 years.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/special/hw179692/sec8.htm (1386 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At this point, an aortic valve replacement is typically needed to prevent abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias), heart failure, and irreversible damage to the heart muscle.
		Common causes include being born with a defective aortic valve, wear and tear from aging, infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis), and rheumatic fever.
		Other conditions that cause acute regurgitation include trauma to the heart valve or aorta and aortic dissection, which is the separation of the inner layer of the aorta from the middle layer.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/special/hw179692/sec1.htm (802 words)

	Aortic Regurgitation Illustration
		In aortic regurgitation, the aortic valve fails to close normally and, therefore, leaks.
		Compare the difference in the size of the opening of the valve in aortic regurgitation with that in a normal heart.
		Because of the leak, the left ventricle is markedly enlarged, as the aorta.
	www.gilmanheartvalve.org /AorticRegurgitationcaption.htm (69 words)

	Aortic valve regurgitation
		Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly.
		Aortic valve regurgitation is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60.
		Treatment of aortic valve regurgitation depends on the degree of the regurgitation, your signs and symptoms, and whether the regurgitation is affecting your heart function.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00419.html (2731 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation
		Aortic dissection can be caused by trauma, long-standing high blood pressure (hypertension), or you can be genetically predisposed to it.
		Infective endocarditis is a common cause of aortic valve regurgitation.
		Aortic root dilation can be caused by age, hypertension, Marfan's syndrome, autoimmune diseases (conditions in which your immune system begins to attack your own body's cells), and syphilis.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/topic/special/hw179692/sec3.htm (445 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation
		Symptoms of chronic aortic regurgitation most commonly develop in your 40s or 50s, but there is no way to gauge how quickly symptoms will develop in each case.
		If your aortic valve regurgitation is worsening and your heart is not able to compensate for the extra workload, your doctor will recommend that you have aortic valve replacement surgery, even if you do not have symptoms.
		People with symptomatic aortic regurgitation who do not have corrective surgery face progression to the severe stages of heart failure and, on average, have a life expectancy of 2 to 4 years.
	www.bchealthguide.org /kbase/topic/special/hw179692/sec8.htm (1401 words)

	Yale Atlas of Echo- Aortic regurgitation
		Aortic regurgitation is diagnosed by Doppler - most efficiently by Color Doppler Imaging.
		The regurgitant jet occurs during diastole toward the left ventricular cavity.
		The long axis view can show the difference between mild regurgitation, which has a narrow base and short jet, compared to severe with broad base and long jet extent.
	info.med.yale.edu /intmed/cardio/echo_atlas/entities/aortic_regurgitation.html (129 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In testing for aortic valve regurgitation, your doctor will try to determine whether you have the condition and what type of regurgitation you have (acute or chronic).
		Aortic valve regurgitation also can be confused with other heart valve conditions.
		During an angiogram of the aorta (aortogram), a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is placed into the femoral artery in the upper thigh and threaded to the left ventricle and aorta.
	www.bsneny.com /kbase/topic/special/hw179692/sec7.htm (610 words)

	Aortic Valve Regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		If your regurgitation is moderate to severe, your doctor may prescribe the calcium channel blocker nifedipine (such as Procardia), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, or the vasodilator hydralazine (Apresoline).
		If aortic valve regurgitation causes chest pain, medications called nitrates (nitroglycerin) can sometimes be tried to help relieve the pain.
		If aortic valve regurgitation causes heart failure, medications are often used to help the heart pump more effectively.
	www.bcbswny.com /kbase/topic/special/hw179692/sec11.htm (319 words)

	Aortic Insufficiency -- eCureMe.com
		The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, opens when the ventricle pumps blood to the aorta, and closes (passively) when at rest (i.e., between heartbeats).
		Acute aortic regurgitation -- this is a life-threatening medical condition.
		Chronic aortic regurgitation -- this condition needs to be followed carefully by your physician.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/data/Aortic_Insufficiency.asp (322 words)

	Aortic Regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Compare the difference in the opening of the aortic valve in aortic regurgitation with that in the normal heart.
		Because blood leaks back into the left ventricle while it is relaxing, it is overfilled, often becoming markedly enlarged, as in the illustration.
		The left atrium does not become overfilled, and the pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery and right ventricle remain normal in volume throughout much of the natural course of the disease.
	www.gilmanheartvalve.org /AorticRegurgitation.htm (211 words)

	Aortic Regurgitation: Heart Valve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Aortic regurgitation (aortic incompetence, aortic insufficiency) is leakage of the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes.
		Aside from these infections, the most common causes of severe aortic regurgitation are weakening of the valve's usually tough, fibrous tissue due to myxomatous degeneration (a hereditary disorder in which the valve gradually becomes floppy); degeneration of the valve due to unknown factors; aortic aneurysms; and aortic dissection.
		Common causes of mild aortic regurgitation are severe high blood pressure and a birth defect in which the aortic valve consists of two cusps (bicuspid valve) instead of the usual three (tricuspid valve) (see Birth Defects: Aortic Valve Stenosis).
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec03/ch028/ch028e.jsp (726 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aortic insufficiency
		The decision to have aortic valve replacement depends on your symptoms and condition and function of the heart.
		Call your health care provider if you have aortic insufficiency and symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, especially chest pain, difficulty breathing or edema (swelling).
		Aortic insufficiency caused by other conditions often cannot be prevented but some of the complications can be.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000179.htm (806 words)

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