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Topic: Aortic valve repair

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	Aortic Valve Repair: Does it Work?
		Functional anatomy: Because of increasing experience in aortic valve sparing surgery, and with the stentless aortic valve (xenograft, autograft and homograft), the aortic valve is now considered not only valve cusps, but a functional unit comprising the aortic annulus, the cusps, the Valsalva sinuses, the commissures, and the sino-tubular junction.
		Patho-physiology of the aortic regurgitation: Aortic regurgitation may be secondary to a pathology of the aortic wall (aneurysm or dissection) or the cusps (prolapse, perforation, bicuspid valve or cusp retraction).
		The aortic root with its components is considered as a functional unit, its two borders the inner (aorto-ventricular junction) and the outer (sino-tubular junction) are considered “the functional aortic annulus” (FAA) (equivalent to the mitral annulus).
	www.ctsnet.org /sections/innovation/valvetechnology/articles/article-2.html (1276 words)

	Aortic Valve Replacement - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/Preparation, Aftercare, Risks, ...
		Aortic valve replacement is the insertion of a mechanical or tissue valve in place of the diseased native aortic valve.
		Structural valve deterioration can occur and is higher in mechanical valves during the first five years; however, biological tissue and mechanical valves have the same failure incidence at 10 years, with a 60% probability of death at 11 years as a result of a valve-related complications.
		Aortic valve repair by direct commisurotimy may also be successful for some cases of aortic stenosis.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /A-Ce/Aortic-Valve-Replacement.html (1797 words)

	Aortic Valve Repair for Aortic Insufficiency
		Unlike mitral valve repair, where the superiority and durability of the techniques over mechanical and bioprosthetic valves has clearly been demonstrated, the superior status of aortic valve repair has not yet been proven in comparision to the current generation of bioprosthetic valves.
		The decision to repair an aortic valve is made by weighing the risk of repair failure versus the benefit of avoidance of oral anticoagulation therapy.
		Aortic valve repair has been described in the literature predominantly for the indications of dilated annulus, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and cusp prolapse of trileaflet valves [1, 5, 7].
	www.ctsnet.org /sections/clinicalresources/adultcardiac/expert_tech-19.html (1805 words)

	biology - Heart valve
		These are large, multicusped valves that prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
		The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
		The aortic valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Tricuspid_valve (700 words)

	Aortic Aneurysm, Marfan Syndrome- Thoracic Aortic Center FAQ
		The purpose of the aortic valve is to open when the heart beats to allow blood to be pumped from the heart into the aorta and out to the body and then, when the heart relaxes, to close and prevent blood from leaking backward into the heart.
		It is essential anyone who knows that he or she has a thoracic aortic aneurysm knows the symptoms associated with aortic dissection, and is aware that an urgent assessment in a nearby emergency department and undergoes a CT scan to determine whether or not an aortic dissection has occurred.
		Aortic dissections that involve the ascending thoracic aorta (referred to as type A) are at high risk of aortic rupture, which can be fatal, so should be taken urgently for surgery to replace the ascending portion of the aorta.
	www.mgh.harvard.edu /tac/faq (3372 words)

	Repair Cardiac Valves
		Valve repair, including mitral valve repair, aortic valve repair, and repair of ruptures resulting from a heart attack, is preferable to valve replacement, as replacement valves bring with them added risk of infection and other complications.
		Valves can be repaired by tailoring and removing abnormal portions of the valve, by replacing weakened supporting strings (chords) for the valve, and by narrowing the entire valve (an annuloplasty) to bring the valve leaflets closer together.
		Repairing rather than replacing the aortic valve offers advantages including longer life expectancy and not requiring the use of life-long anticoagulation when the valve is replaced with a mechanical counterpart.
	www.umassmemorial.org /ummhc/hospitals/med_center/services/cardiac/valves.cfm (832 words)

	Aortic Valve Disorders
		A stenotic (narrowed) aortic valve does not fully open as a result of disease affecting the ability of the valve leaflets to open, and an obstruction to the outflow of blood from the left ventricle is created.
		In contrast, an insufficient aortic valve leaks, and allows backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle during diastole.
		The two most common causes of aortic stenosis in North America are degenerative calcification of the aortic valve and a congenital bicuspid aortic valve.
	www.umm.edu /heart/aortic_valve_dis.html (290 words)

	Aortic Valve Disease - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		Aortic Valve Disease entails damage to, and dysfunction of, the aortic valve, one of the four valves in the heart.
		In particular, the aortic valve controls the flow of oxygenated blood pumped out of the heart from the left ventricle into the aorta, the main artery leading to the rest of the body.
		Aortic valve disease can be congenital, result from infection, occur as a result of rheumatic heart disease, result from the processes of aging, or be of unknown origin.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/1/656/main.html (666 words)

	Aortic valve regurgitation: Treatment - MayoClinic.com
		Treatment of aortic valve regurgitation depends on the degree of the regurgitation, your signs and symptoms, and whether the regurgitation is affecting your heart function.
		While the heart is generally adept at counteracting deficiencies caused by a leaky aortic valve, the problem is that if the valve isn't fixed or replaced in time, the strength of your heart may decline so much that it's permanently weakened.
		Aortic valve repair is surgery to preserve the valve and to improve its function.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/aortic-valve-regurgitation/DS00419/DSECTION=8 (622 words)

	Aortic Valve Surgery
		Aortic valve surgery is performed when an abnormality of the valve compromises the normal functioning of the valve.
		Aortic valve repair is performed less often and is more technically difficult than mitral valve repair, however, the majority (2/3), of leaky bicuspid aortic valves can be repaired with good results.
		The valve cusps are strong enough to withstand the systemic pressure, but the pulmonary artery wall does dilate when exposed to systemic pressure, occasionally enough to cause the autograft valve to leak.
	www.metrohealth.org /body.cfm?id=1328 (2507 words)

	Valve Surgery
		The aortic valve resides deep within the heart and regulates the blood supply to all of the major vessels of the body.
		Mitral valve regurgitation is sometimes caused by mitral valve prolapse, a relatively common and benign condition in which the patient has too large a valve leaflet that makes a snapping sound when the valve closes.
		Mitral valve repair offers a very normal life to the patient without the requirement for blood thinners and other interventional therapies often associated with valve replacements.
	www.columbiasurgery.org /pat/cardiac/valve_repair.html (549 words)

	Aortic valve stenosis: Treatment - MayoClinic.com
		In this type of surgery, surgeons remove the narrowed aortic valve and replace it with a mechanical valve or a tissue valve from a pig, cow or human-cadaver donor.
		Another type of tissue valve replacement is autograft, in which your own pulmonary valve — another heart valve — is used to replace the aortic valve.
		For example, some infants are born with an aortic valve in which the leaflets of the valve are fused together.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/aortic-valve-stenosis/DS00418/DSECTION=8 (813 words)

	Heart Valve Replacement Surgery, Heart Valve Repair at BWH
		Valve Repair, which is a procedure to reconstruct the leaflets, chordae, and/or papillary muscles of the valve.
		Aortic valve replacement incisions are performed through an upper mini-sternotomy, in which an incision is made from the sternal notch to the third intercostal space.
		Mitral valve replacement/repair incisions are performed through a lower mini-sternotomy, in which a 6-8 cm incision is made at the lower end of the sternum upward to the second intercostal space and extending into the interspace on the right.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /patient/cardiac_valve.aspx (3193 words)

	Aortic valve regurgitation - CNN.com
		Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly.
		Aortic valve regurgitation allows blood that was just pumped out of your heart to leak back into it.
		Aortic valve regurgitation is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00419.html (2707 words)

	eMedicine - Aortic Valve Disease and the Ross Operation : Article by Bahaaldin Alsoufi, MD
		The autograft is sutured to the aortic valve annulus by using interrupted 4-0 polypropylene.
		Valve durability is clearly superior to that of homografts or bioprosthetic valves, as the last 2 undergo calcific degeneration and require replacement, especially in young patients in whom expected survival is long and in whom early degeneration of biologic valve substitutes is accelerated.
		The infundibulum is incised 1-1.5 cm proximal to the leaflets of the pulmonary valve.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2823.htm (4208 words)

	Aortic valve regurgitation - aortic regurgitation - aortic insufficiency or aortic incompetence
		Aortic valve regurgitation - aortic regurgitation - aortic insufficiency or aortic incompetence
		Treatment of aortic regurgitation depends on the degree of the regurgitation, your signs and symptoms, and whether the regurgitation is affecting your heart function.
		In most cases the aortic valve has to be replaced to correct aortic regurgitation.
	www.dreddyclinic.com /findinformation/aa/aorta/aorticvalveregurgitation_4.htm (1058 words)

	Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
		It is 6-10 cm in length and through a smaller incision allows the surgeon to open the upper part of the sternum only, which gives free access to the ascending aorta as it arises from the heart and hence the aortic valve.
		It is the incision used to perform aortic valve bypass.
		Aortic valve bypass involves placing a tube in the very tip of the heart connected to a valve and then connected to the patient’s aorta in their chest, thus bypassing the aortic valve.
	www.umm.edu /heart/aortic_valve.html (665 words)

	Aortic Valve Repair Using a Differentiated Surgical Strategy -- Langer et al. 110 (11 Supplement 1): II-67 -- ...
		Non-inflammatory aortic root disease and floppy aortic valve as cause of isolated regurgitation: a clinico-morphologic study.
		Remodeling of the aortic root and reconstruction of the bicuspid aortic valve.
		Ascending aortic aneurysm associated with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve: involvement and clinical relevance of smooth muscle cell apoptosis and expression of cell death-initiating proteins.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/110/11_suppl_1/II-67 (3734 words)

	aortic valve Search : Products, Services, Companys, Resources, News and Information about aortic valve online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Many problems can.....Because the Ross procedure is primarily an aortic valve operation, this text focuses on.....problems pertaining to the aortic valve.
		Aortic valve replacement with a mechanical.....with a preserved donor pulmonary valve.
		Table of Contents: Aortic valve replacement is an "open heart" procedure performed by cardithoracic surgeons for treatment of narrowing (stenosis) or...
	www.chinaplasticvalve.com /directory/aortic-valve.html (229 words)

	Bicuspid Aortic Valve Replacement/Repair - ValveReplacement.com Forums
		Edited to add that vegetations on my husband's native valve would have made repair impossible, but that was not known until they actually did his surgery--TEE X 3 didn't reveal the vegetations.
		The valve was neither stiff or calcified, just that the valve did not open all the way, they operated to open it up so that is allowed more blood through.
		I asked my surgeon "if my valve was repaired, and someday needed to be repaired again, would he replace it or rerepair it?" he said he never thought about it but that he would probabably try to repair it again if possible.
	www.valvereplacement.com /forums/showthread.php?p=251443#post251443 (2371 words)

	Mitral Valve Repair and Surgery, Aortic Valve Replacement at BWH
		The Brigham Cardiac Valve Center is a multidisciplinary group of cardiologists, radiologists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons proficient in diagnosing and treating all cardiac valve syndromes and disorders, including mitral valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation.
		Cardiac surgeons perform all types of aortic, tricuspid and mitral valve surgery, including the Ross pulmonary autograft switch operation in the young adult, repair of bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves, homograft valve replacement for endocarditis, and elective aortic valve replacement in all stented and un-stented tissue and mechanical valve prostheses.
		Integrated intraoperative and postoperative echocardiography is used to monitor early and late valve function, and determine the physiology and function of implanted or repaired valves.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /cardiacsurgery/valvecenter.aspx (289 words)

	☞ surgery - heart valve replacement surgery - heart valve replacement surgery online guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Heart valve conditions that most often require surgery are stenosis or regurgitation and heart valve repair and replacement can relieve symptoms and prolong life.
		Heart valve surgery is used to repair or replace diseased...
		Nearly all heart valve operations are done to repair or replace the mitral or aortic valves.
	www.all-surgery.info /earsurgery/heart-valve-replacement-surgery.html (503 words)

	Intermediate-term durability of bicuspid aortic valve repair for prolapsing leaflet -- Casselman et al. 15 (3): 302 -- ...
		Inadequate aortic valve repair (aortic regurgitation >1+) after the first pump run (n=8) and its relation to the degree of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction.
		Freedom from aortic valve reoperation during follow-up according to the amount of aortic regurgitation on immediate post-repair intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram.
		Isolated aortic regurgitation is uncommon in the bicuspid aortic
	ejcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/3/302 (3729 words)

	Aortic valve repair for aortic insufficiency in adults: a contemporary review and comparison with replacement ...
		valve repair is similar to that of pulmonary autograft, or homograft
		Valve repair should add no additional morbidity to the operation.
		Isner J.M., Chokshi S.K., DeFranco A., Braimen J., Slovenkai G.A. Contrasting histoarchitecture of calcified leaflets from stenotic bicuspid versus stenotic tricuspid aortic valves.
	ejcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/1/6 (4302 words)

	AORTIC VALVE REPAIR BY CUSP EXTENSION WITH THE USE OF FRESH AUTOLOGOUS PERICARDIUM IN CHILDREN WITH RHEUMATIC AORTIC ...
		AORTIC VALVE REPAIR BY CUSP EXTENSION WITH THE USE OF FRESH AUTOLOGOUS PERICARDIUM IN CHILDREN WITH RHEUMATIC AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY -- Kalangos et al.
		mitral valve repair for associated rheumatic mitral valve disease.
		Short and midterm results of aortic valve cusp extension in the treatment of children with congenital aortic valve disease.
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/118/2/225 (777 words)

	Complex aortic valve repair as a durable and effective alternative to valve replacement in children with aortic valve ...
		Complex aortic valve repair as a durable and effective alternative to valve replacement in children with aortic valve disease -- Tweddell et al.
		Complex aortic valve repair as a durable and effective alternative to valve replacement in children with aortic valve disease
		Intermediate-term results of repair for aortic, neoaortic, and truncal valve insufficiency in children
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/129/3/551 (489 words)

	Aortic Valve Repair Outcomes - Related Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Davierwala PM, David TE, Armstrong S, Ivanov J. Aortic valve repair versus replacement in bicuspid aortic valve disease.
		For more details, refer to PubMed, a service provided by the National Library of Medicine.
		Kin H, Izumoto H, Nakajima T, Kawase T, Kamata J, Ishihara K, Kawazoe K. Midterm results of conservative repair of the incompetent bicuspid aortic valve.
	www.mayoclinic.org /cardionews-rst/2004wt-aorticreferences.html (203 words)

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