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Topic: Apache Wars

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	Teacher Resources - Collection - History of the American West, 1860-1920
		As was often the case, the U.S. military fought the Navajos and Apaches largely for their lands.
		The Civil War brought many soldiers to the Southwest, including General James Carleton, who decided to remove the Navajos and Apaches to reservations so that the lands of the Rio Grande Valley could be used for settlement and mining.
		Apache leaders like Mangas Colorado and Cochise, of the Chiricahua band, and Victorio of the Mescalero band, led raids to drive European Americans from their land and resisted the military's attempts, by force and persuasion, to relocate their people to a reservation.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/ndlpedu/collections/amwest/history5.html (677 words)

	Apache
		The Apache are a tribe of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak the Athabascan language Apache.
		The Chiricahua Apache were removed from their reservation in 1876 and sent to prison in 1886.
		The AH-64 Apache is an attack helicopter used by the US Army and other armed forces.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ap/Apache.html (217 words)

	The Apache Wars Stories: All Because of a Spring
		Apache Springs and the whole Apache Pass area was a favorite residence of Cochise for many a year.
		It is estimated that in the years of the Apache Wars, over 5,000 Americans died, hundred of thousands of dollars of property were destroyed and uncounted Apache men, women and children were killed.
		He was raised by the Coyotero Apaches and due to his fluency in English, Spanish and Apache, became a scout of the U.S. Army.
	www.stujenks.com /gallery/apache/story_becausespring.html (2360 words)

	Travel & Explore: Southeastern Arizona Guide
		The next stop on the Apache war trail is Chiricahua National Monument, at the northwestern end of the Chiricahua Mountains.
		The Apache war story continues: Massai, one of Geronimo's renegades, stole a horse at the mouth of Bonita Canyon.
		The Apache war trail ends at Cochise Stronghold in the Dragoon Mountains, about 30 miles across Sulphur Springs Valley via Arizona 181 and U.S. The last 10 miles are on a rocky, washboard road, which ends at a campground in which the roads are paved.
	www.azcentral.com /travel/arizona/southern/seaz-apache.html (1055 words)

	Whatever Happened to the Apache? - Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web Site
		The Apache* (their name apparently comes from the Zuni word apachu, which means "enemy") were known as fearless and resourceful warriors.
		The constant clash between the white-settler invaders and the resident Apache led to the federal government's solution of confining the Indians to reservations—often inhospitable tracts of land on which they were expected to survive.
		The Eastern Apache are the Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Kiowa Apache.
	www.watchtower.org /library/g/1998/3/8/article_01.htm (2102 words)

	Gulf Islands National Seashore-The Apache
		The Apache had never submitted to the Mexican government, and they now opposed Americans who came into their lands searching for gold and silver or seeking to settle.
		Onboard were 15 Apache warriors, their women and children, and 30 men of the 16th U.S. Infantry.
		All of the Apaches were intended to be held at Fort Marion, but several prominent Pensacola citizens had petitioned the government to have Geronimo sent to Fort Pickens.
	www.nps.gov /guis/extended/FLA/History/Apache.htm (830 words)

	Apache Men
		In 1875, he was appointed one of four Apaches whose job involved policing the Apache people as an aid to their self-government and survival.
		The Western Apache wanted to keep the peace so that they would be allowed to hold on to their lands.
		During the summer of 1881 Apache scouts had been slipping away from camp to participate in these dances, and the army was uneasy.
	www.peabody.harvard.edu /maria/Apachemen.html (944 words)

	WMAT, Fort Apache Historic Park Tour
		Apache tour guides are available with advance reservation, and special accommodations and activities can be arranged for tour groups.
		The Fort Apache Cemetery is located 1/4 mile east of the main fort grounds and is accessible by walking trail or road.
		The FAHF was chartered in 1998 by the White Mountain Apache Tribe to help support the preservation and development of the Fort Apache Historic Park and to assist the heritage perpetuation efforts of Nohwike’ Bágowa and the Tribe’s Heritage Program.
	www.wmat.nsn.us /fortapachepark.htm (789 words)

	Indian Books Formerly Spotlighted
		The two pre-eminent warriors of the Apache Wars between 1878 and 1886, Lieutenant Charles B. Gatewood of the Sixth United States and Chiricahua leader Geronimo, respected one another in peace and feared one another in war.
		Showing the depravity and desperation of the Apache wars, Louis Kraft dramatically recreates Gatewood's final mission and poignantly recalls the United States government's betrayal of the Chiricahuas, Geronimo, and Gatewood at the campaign's end.
		This is the story of those Apaches who never surrendered; and of Francisco Fimbres, a Sonoran rancher who relentlessly pursued; and of the men who flocked to the border in the midst of the Great Depression to participate in the sanguine carnival of the last Apache campaign.
	www.guidon.com /priornjn.html (3093 words)

	ARIZONA APACHE WARS
		On 30 April 1871, however, a horrible event occurred that was forever to stain relations between the Apaches and the white man. On that date, a group of men out of Tucson (many of whom were Papagos and Mexicans, but their leaders were Americans) treacherously attacked the peaceful, sleeping Apache camp.
		He wanted the conference to ensure: (1) that his people be given a reservation, (2) that peace be maintained with the white man, (3) that Whitman be assigned as agent for the Apaches, and (4) that the Apache children who had been taken captive by the Tucsonians at the massacre be returned to their families.
		It was all-out war, and it soon became clear that General Crook could not be defeated.
	www.geocities.com /~zybt/awars.htm (3480 words)

	Indian Wars in Arizona
		Apache Indian scouts; service in Arizona and Mexico against renegade Apaches, individuals in Crook's campaigns, Cibicu fight, Apache Kid troubles, perishing punitive expedition, service record data of last of scouts, Army regulations, circulars, orders, correspondence, miscellaneous local historical incidents, by H. (Dave) Wharfield.
		Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, in response to resolution of February 11, 1887, correspondence with General Miles relative to the surrender of Geronimo.
		Apache warfare under the leadership of Cochise / by Barbara Ann Tyler.
	jeff.scott.tripod.com /indian.html (1095 words)

	Ghost Warrior, by Lucia St. Clair Robson
		She consulted Apache sources in her depiction of historical figures and they come across as a living mixture of nobility and cunning, the admirable and the reprobate.
		She establishes quickly that the animosity of the Apaches against Americans, however excessive, was in response to attacks, mistreatment, and injustice.
		Apparently, the reason the Apaches did not talk about Lozen was that for her to accompany war parties as an unmarried woman was rather scandalous, and although they accepted it themselves, they felt that white people would not understand and would disrespect her.
	www.dancingbadger.com /gwrobson.htm (1268 words)

	Apache Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Apache Wars were fought during the nineteenth century between the U.S. military and many western tribes.
		As was often the case, the U.S. military fought the Navajos and Apaches (known by themselves as Inde, T`Inde, N`ne = "people") largely for their lands on behalf of white settlers.
		Before his campaign against the Navajos, Carleton began forcing the various bands of Mescalero Apaches onto the reservation at Fort Sumner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apache_Wars (549 words)

	Native American Conflicts and Wars - Desert Conflicts
		Apaches terrorized Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Mexico for many years.
		Soldiers were ordered to "kill every Apache man capable of bearing arms and capture the women and children." Geronimo and his band surrendered in 1886.
		The Apache wars died away during the 1890's.
	nativeamericanrhymes.com /library/conflicts/desert.htm (353 words)

	apachepass
		This strategically valuable piece of desert became the side of Fort Bowie and is central to the history of the Apache wars.
		In the 1870's, the use of Apache scouts by American generals forced the renegade Apaches ever farther into the most remote and rugged parts of the Arizona wilderness.
		As one of he greatest Apache Chiefs, Cochise chose this land as his haven and you will learn why when you travel in his realm.
	www.detoursaz.com /apachepass.html (752 words)

	Apache Indian War and Warriors
		By 1688 the Apache groups customarily supplemented their hunting and cultivating economies with raids on settlements of the Mexican and, later, on the westward-migrating American settlers.
		For generations, the Apaches resisted white colonization of their homeland in the Southwest, presently New Mexico and Arizona, by both Mexicans and North Americans.
		In 1680 the Apache population was estimated at
	www.impurplehawk.com /warriors.html (1359 words)

	Apache Bibliography
		He was admired as a fair man by most Apache - but made the mistake of trusting the traitorous Chatto and notorious Mickey Free as his Scouts and it was their misinformation that led to the breakout.
		It was written as a history of the Chihenne or Warm Springs Apache and deals mainly with the great Chief Mangus Colorados and his struggle to unite the Apache.
		It is written by the best researcher on the Western Apache (White Mountain, Coyotero, Cibecue, Northern and Southern Tontos and a half dozen or so other smaller bands) Though similar to the Chiricahua and Mescalero, their culture is unique enough to warrent a separate look.
	koransky.com /Trackers/Other/Apache.html (2969 words)

	Restoration Travel
		The owner of the Fort Apache Historic Park, the White Mountain Apache Tribe, seeks partners to assist in ongoing efforts to restore and revitalize Fort Apache and Kinishba for the renewed use by the Apache community.
		Fort Apache is located on tribal land in eastern Arizona, a place the Apache called Tlokhagai ("Where the White Reeds Grow").
		The fort was built by the U.S. military beginning in 1870 during the height of the "Indian Wars." It lies above the confluence of the east and north forks of White River, which is just south of the town of Whiteriver, the seat of government for the White Mountain Apache Tribe.
	www.restorationtravel.com /apache.html (1462 words)

	More Ojinaga History - Page Seven
		Historians speak of a "symbiotic relationship of hacendados and rancheros" during the period of the Apache wars, that broke down afterwards when the hacendados no longer needed the settlers and their militias to protect them from the Apaches.
		They were actually preceded by men who had been renowned Apache fighters and later on fought Diaz and Terrazas in a number of early rebellions that well preceded the Mexican revolution by decades.
		The people of Chihuahua remember the Apache Wars as savage battles in which prisoners were never taken.
	www.ojinaga.com /morehistory/seven/seven.html (610 words)

	Apache Wars
		Mangas Coloradas, one of the most influential Apache leaders, entered a mining camp to try to negotiate a peaceful coexistence in the land and was physically whipped and humiliated by the miners.
		And upon the recall of army forces to fight in the U.S. Civil War in 1861, Arizona was practically abandoned to the Apaches.
		Although Mangas Coloradas was captured, tortured and killed in 1863 at the hands of the Army, Cochise and 200 followers managed to elude capture for more than 10 years by hiding out in the Dragoon Mountains in southeastern Arizona, from which they continued their raids, always fading back into their mountain strongholds.
	www.thenaturalamerican.com /apache_war.htm (1231 words)

	Cochise & Geronimo: The Chiricahua Apaches - DesertUSA
		For generations the Apaches resisted white colonization of their homeland in the Southwest (presently New Mexico and Arizona) by both Spaniards and North Americans.
		In 1848, when gold was discovered in California, the Apaches were further threatened by incursions of white fortune-seekers on their way to the gold fields.
		Cochise had long worked as a woodcutter at the Apache Pass stagecoach station of the Butterfield Overland line until 1861, when a raiding party drove off cattle belonging to a white rancher and abducted the child of a ranch hand.
	www.desertusa.com /magfeb98/feb_pap/du_apache.html (950 words)

	APACHE WARRIORS
		Cochise's war continued until 1867, when a white man by the name of Thomas Jeffords fearlessly rode into Cochise's camp to converse with him.
		The greatest leader of the Mimbreño Apaches (often called Gila or Warm Springs Apaches) was the indomitable Victorio.
		However, in 1887 his son-in-law, the Apache Kid, was arrested for the murder of a rival on the San Carlos Reservation.
	www.geocities.com /~zybt/warriors.htm (2474 words)

	Apaches For Cultural Preservation
		History books today, do not cover the impact or aftermath of the Great Apache Wars and their effect on today's life on the reservation.
		Apaches for Cultural Preservation is working with the young native people, teaching them to preserve what is left, such as Traditional ceremonies, songs, language, foods, spirituality, and Sacred sites.
		ACP has constructed a monument in Old San Carlos which honors all those fallen Apaches who stood for who they were and lost their lives.
	personal.riverusers.com /~apaches4cultural (323 words)

	American Experience \| War Letters \| Timeline
		Apache leaders Geronimo and Victorio raid white settlers and soldiers; Geronimo surrenders in 1886.
		U.S. cavalry fight to return the Modoc people and their leader, Kintpuash (known to whites as Captain Jack), to an Oregon reservation; Kintpuash is hanged and the Modoc are exiled to Oklahoma.
		U.S. Marines occupy Haiti after a civil war; a treaty between the U.S. and the Haitian Senate makes the island nation a virtual U.S. protectorate.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/warletters/timeline/timeline2.html (374 words)

	Paul's Virtual Bookstore - Chiricahua Apache and Southeast Arizona Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This description of pre-reservation Apache life and culture was written by the author of the first Apache/English dictionary.
		Revolted by the rotten treatment of reservation Apaches by the US Army, Geronimo revolted and fled the reservation to resume the Apache Wars.
		Aside from the Apaches, the other well-known aspect of Cochise County Arizona history is the shootout at the OK Corral.
	www.buffalo.pair.com /mcmpache.htm (748 words)

	Amazon.com: Once They Moved Like The Wind : Cochise, Geronimo, And The Apache Wars: Books: David Roberts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After Geronimo's surrender in 1886, the Apaches were sent to Florida, then to Alabama where many succumbed to malaria, tuberculosis and malnutrition and finally in 1894 to Oklahoma, remaining prisoners of war until 1913.
		While clearly aware of the horrific sacrifice that was exacted from the Apache, Roberts consistently refuses to idealize these victims of European westward expansion, prefering instead to show them as the remarkable and complex individuals they were.
		This is perhaps the definitive account of the Apache conflicts in the American Southwest and northern Mexico, particularly in the period from the time of Mangas Coloradas through Cochise, Victorio and Geronimo.
	www.amazon.com /Once-They-Moved-Like-Wind/dp/0671885561 (1779 words)

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