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| | PIMS NW, Inc. - PIMS: REMEDIATION OF METAL CONTAMINATED WATERS AND SOILS |
 | | Apatite II is also the best material available for non-specific metal adsorption, is an excellent buffer for neutralizing acidity through PO, and substituted CO, and exerts control on the chemical activities of other species leading to the precipitation of oxide-, hydroxide- and carbonate metal phases. |
 | | Apatite II was shown to be almost ten times as effective as bone char for removing U, and many orders of magnitude more effective than the other materials including zeolite, activated charcoal, peat moss, zero valent iron and other forms of reduced iron, even in the presence of high nitrate concentrations. |
 | | Other apatites, such as phosphate rock, bone char, or reagent grade tricalcium phosphate, are crystalline (Figures 8 and 9), have little or no carbonate substitution, have substantial fluorine substitution, have significant trace metal substitution (Sr, Ba, etc.), or have less microporosity, all of which reduce the reactivity and make them less optimal for metal stabilization. |
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