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Topic: Apex predator

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	Apex predator
		Apex predators (also alpha predators or superpredators) are predators that are not themselves preyed upon as a species in the wild.
		Apex predators often have a special place in human culture and they have come to represent aspects of nature that humans find important and often appear in heraldry.
		Two apex predators are often human companions: dogs and cats exist mostly as pets; the talents that these two creatures show as hunters are either useful in their own right or make them adept at interacting with humans.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Ecology/Apex_predator.php (410 words)

	Apex predator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apex predators (also alpha predators or superpredators) are predators that as adults are not preyed upon in the wild under normal circumstances.
		Apex predators are often creatures of fearsome image in folklore and literature.
		Adult alligators and crocodiles are the master predators of inland waters of the tropics and subtropics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apex_predator (1335 words)

	Predator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The difference between a predator and a parasite is that for a predator killing the prey is necessary for consuming it, but for parasites it is not even desirable because a parasite lives on or in its host.
		A predator at the top of its food chain (that is, one that is preyed upon by no organism) is called an apex predator.
		Sometimes an apex predator may have a profound influence on the balance of organisms in a particular ecosystem; introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population, can have drastic cascading effects on the equilibrium of many other populations in the ecosystem.
	predator.kiwiki.homeip.net (566 words)

	IdahoPTV Dialogue for Kids - Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Predators are part of a food chain, the process of passing energy from one organism to the next.
		The way a predator hunts, catches and kills food is determined by many factors such as the adaptations of the predator and the prey, and the type of habitat they live in.
		Predators have different weapons that are used to kill and eat prey.
	www.idahoptv.org /dialogue4kids/season4/prey/facts.html (703 words)

	Predation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A predator at the top of its food chain (that is, one that is preyed upon by no organism) is called an apex predator; examples include the Great White Shark, tiger and crocodile and even omnivorous Humans (although, given the chance, some predators such as the Australian salt water crocodile will prey on humans).
		Such predators may have a profound influence on the balance of organisms in a particular ecosystem; introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population, can have drastic cascading effects on the equilibrium of many other populations in the ecosystem.
		For instance, a large predator fish like a shark that is well fed in an aquarium will typically ignore the smaller fish swimming around it (while the prey fish take advantage of the fact that the apex predator is apparently uninterested).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Predator (639 words)

	Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX)
		APEX investigators made the case that an integrated program was necessary, combining forage fish projects with bird studies of pigeon guillemots and fl-legged kittiwakes.
		APEX had 20 sub-projects, but its structure was highly dynamic, with projects beginning when they were identified as a critical need and ending when they had fulfilled their contribution to APEX.
		APEX field studies of fl-legged kittiwake, marbled murrelet, and pigeon guillemot show they have better reproductive success when consuming schooling species; forage fish availability and breeding success are positively linked.
	www.conservationinstitute.org /apex.htm (1140 words)

	Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX)
		Alaska Predator Ecosystem Experiment (APEX) is an interdisciplinary and interagency effort of biologists, ecologists, oceanographers, and statisticians from federal, state, private, and university entities.
		APEX will test the general hypothesis that low food abundance contributes to the decline of seabird and marine mammal populations in Prince William Sound.
		APEX researchers are sampling the stomach contents of for age fish to see if they are being affected by a lack of food.
	www.fakr.noaa.gov /oil/apex.htm (193 words)

	NWHI : Research : NWHI RAMP 2004 : Features : Predator Dominated
		Apex predators are large fish that eat fish and other animals and are at the "top" of the food chain: they generally are not hunted by any larger species except for ourselves.
		Apex predators are among the most desired fish for fishermen (at least before we learned about toxins that concentrate in their flesh): if you catch a big fish, you've got a lot of fish for your efforts.
		Terrestrial ecology has long focused on the role of predation, but the role of predation has been overlooked in the study of coral reef communities, perhaps because much of coral reef research has been undertaken where the predators are long gone.
	www.hawaiianatolls.org /research/NWHIRAMP2004/features/predator-dominated.php (1977 words)

	Great White Adventures: Great Whites
		It is a solitary predator that can grow up to 6.6 meters (21 feet) in length.
		Although this is the largest confirmed report of a white shark, indirect evidence suggests that there may be specimens off of southern Australia which are 8 meters (26 feet) in length.
		They are known predators of California sea lions, New Zealand and Australian fur seals, elephant seals and harbor seals.
	www.greatwhiteadventures.com /great-white-shark-data.html (845 words)

	GAP: Gulf of Alaska Predator-prey Project
		Alternatively, Steller sea lion recovery may be limited by predation, competition with other apex predators, disease and contaminants, and/or environmental factors that have acted individually or together to reduce juvenile survival.
		GAP's primary goal is to document trophic relationships between Steller sea lions, their prey, predators, and potential competitors in waters near Kodiak Island, an area of continued sea lion declines and extensive commercial fishing.
		The Kodiak area was chosen for study because its sympatric assemblage of marine predators includes declining and well-studied pinniped populations, increasing piscivorous whale populations, highly productive seabird colonies, and a variety of commercial, subsistence, and sport fisheries that depend on a common and dynamic assemblage of prey.
	www.sfos.uaf.edu /gap/Overview_info/Overview.htm (1030 words)

	Astrobiology Magazine
		In a dramatic conflict between brains and brawn, a clash between the apex predator of the Paleozoic era--the gorgon--and some of the earliest ancestors that foreshadowed later triumphant mammals--the cynodonts--highlights the fate of species that come and go as the Earth itself evolves.
		The cynodont was a small predator only a foot and a half in length, and looked something like a future evolutionary descendant that it would someday spawn: a small dog.
		Here was the largest predator that the vertebrates had yet produced, the nightmarish top carnivore of the late Paleozoic world.
	www.astrobio.net /news/print.php?sid=386 (1226 words)

	Apex Predator Research in TCI - The School for Field Studies
		However, apex predators tend to naturally have small population sizes, due mainly to the fact that evolutionary pressure has not forced them to cope with high levels of predation.
		It is simply not effective to look at a single species in isolation; we must understand its relationships with other species and the environment in general.
		The School for Field Studies (SFS) on South Caicos has therefore initiated research into apex predator species such as barracuda and sharks, in the hope that it will shed some light on the importance of these fish in maintaining the health of the local ecosystem and, ultimately, the local commercial fisheries.
	www.fieldstudies.org /pages/3730_apex_predator_research_in_tci.cfm (293 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Apex predator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These animals are often at the end of long food chains, where they have a crucial role in maintaining and determining the health of ecosystems.
		Even if not dangerous to man, they are formidable predators in their respective niches.
		Even the most efficient of these creatures (man excepted) have difficult ecological niches to fill; any loss of abilities makes them vulnerable to other predators, even of their own species, and starvation.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Apex_predator.html (366 words)

	Predator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		of a Canada goose, but the goose is too wary.]] A predator is an animal or other organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food in an act called predation.
		A Predator at the top of its food chain (that is, one that is preyed upon by no organism) is called an apex predator; examples include the Great White Shark and Tiger.
		Predator is a 1987 science fiction movie starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jesse Ventura, and an alien species featured therein.
	predator.iqnaut.net (397 words)

	IPY: International Polar Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As a long-lived, large-bodied animal with a low reproductive rate, they are less affected by local environmental variation but like all apex predators are likely to be the first to respond to large-scale environmental change.
		Recently a model was used to predict impacts of climate change on the Arctic apex predator, the polar bear, this showed ecological consequences.
		Similarly we propose to examine impacts upon the Antarctic apex predator, the leopard seal.
	www.ipy.org /development/eoi/details.php?id=200 (1164 words)

	A O U - Food Chain
		Now using the 10/1 ration (it's convenient) it means that for each unit of Apex Predator there must be 100,000,000 (100 million) units of exquisitely precise extraordinarily intricate complex of nanoscopic chemical reactions interacting first to support one unit of Apex Predator.
		So the apex predators are about level 5, not level 10.
		So one ton of marine apex predator is supported by one ton of plants, but each new ton of apex predator needs about 250 new tons of plants.
	www.swedesdock.com /foodchai.sht (1459 words)

	From the Cover: Golden eagles, feral pigs, and insular carnivores: How exotic species turn native predators into prey ...
		Multiple lines of evidence pointed to predation by golden eagles as the cause of the decline in foxes (15).
		Although predation by eagles was the cause of the fox decline and competitive release strongly implicated in the changes in
		The differential impact of predation on the three prey species is likely a consequence of differences in natural history.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/2/791 (3497 words)

	White Shark Ecology and Conservation
		At the top-most trophic level, apex predators such as the Great White reside.
		Although numerically scarce, apex predators are the 'cap' on the entire ecosystem.
		Although clearly a top-level predator, the Great White is not without predators of its own.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/white_shark/conservation.htm (795 words)

	Curriculum - Exploring the Ocean Realm Unit 2: Saving Sharks - Myths and Facts About This Apex Predator - Teacher ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sharks are an apex predator, which means they are at the very top of the food web.
		An apex predator, sharks act as agents of natural selection by helping eliminate diseased and weak animals and helping stabilize population fluctuations.
		The shark is an apex predator because it is at the top of the food pyramid and has no natural predators (other than humans).
	www.beworldwise.org /teachers/ocean_realm_u2_sharks.php (2548 words)

	Predators clan -- The wolves of Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This page will serve as the epicenter of our clan, and as a launching pad to the step by step destruction of hostile Rival clans in the RTW theater of operations.
		The Predator clan is molded on the Personal experience of its members with the purpose to create an effective and unified fighting force to dominate over others.
		The clan will be constantly searching for promising and competent players who display charisma in the face of adversity and who will work to further the clan as a gaming organisation.
	www.freewebs.com /predatorsclanonline (133 words)

	Wysong Health Letter - April 1994
		The programs on the great predators are perhaps the most engaging.
		While I was becoming quite convinced of the superiority of nature’s predators, my mind changed when I saw a recent episode featuring African lions.
		We are indeed the apex predator, the "top dog" so to speak, because of our intelligence.
	www.wysong.net /healthletter/hl_jan96.shtml (5395 words)

	Save Our Seas: Shark FAQ
		Sharks and orcas are apex predators, animals that are at the top of the food chain.
		But when these powerful apex predators are feeding and searching for large tuna and sea lions they swim with great force.
		South Africa, Australia and the state of California in the USA were the first to instigate protection for these magnificent apex predators.
	www.saveourseas.com /web/sharq_faq.0.html (1487 words)

	Vehicle Design Rules? Thanks, but No Thanks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When I read the new rules, the first thing I tried to create was the Apex Predator, a variation of the Predator Annihilator that has three twin-linked lascannons.
		I got the idea for the Apex when I was converting my tank and all I had to use for the side sponsons were twin-linked lascannons from an old Land Raider kit.
		Admittedly, being able to reroll three dice instead of one is really good, but with the new rules, the Apex costs almost as much as a Land Raider, despite having thinner armor and no transport capacity.
	www.thewarp.net /war/tigersofveda/roarsvcr.html (1320 words)

	ANIMAL Teachers: Lessons from Animal Teachers: Animal Relationships: Predator and Prey
		The predator and prey relationship is the “Ying and Yang” of nature.
		Great White Shark is an apex predator in the ocean; only Orca (Killer Whale) can kill Her.
		The predator and prey relationship is an important one to study.
	funkman.org /animal/lessons/predatorprey.html (697 words)

	NWHI May 2006 Expedition: Day 2 Nihoa
		The boats were swinging wildly on their tethers as they were lowered to the water, each packed full of scientists setting off to collect samples of coral, invertebrates and reef fish, and troll for apex predators.
		For about seven hours the two teams were working at the edges of Nihoa, trying to stay in the lee of the large 900-foot vertical drop of the island.
		The apex predator team managed to hitch barracudas and a couple of jacks, but rough seas prevented further attempts to tag more Uku, one of the commercially important bottomfish that is being targeted by this research.
	www.hawaiianatolls.org /research/May2006/Nihoa_Day2.php (315 words)

	APEX TRIKES \| The King of the Jungle... Reinvented. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When you roll the throttle back for the first time, you realize that you are in control of this truly wild beast.
		The unbridled predator grabs your breath and everyone else's eye.
		With laser sharp styling and a truly muscular physique uncaged with ruthless thrust in the palm of your hand, you realize you truly are the King of the Jungle and nothing is impossible.
	www.apextrikes.com (112 words)

	NVP-Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mortalities occurred across a suite of apex predators, as well as in benthic invertebrate populations, including mussels, clams, and crabs.
		The initial changes in composition and abundance of species which resulted from these acute mortalities and habitat disturbances likely continue to modify important structuring processes in the nearshore populations (i.e., competition, predation, and recruitment), thus constraining recovery.
		These species are the invertebrate feeding sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus), and fish feeding pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) and river otter (Lutra canadensis).
	www.absc.usgs.gov /nvp/bckgd.htm (197 words)

	Fighting Tiger Heavy Support (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By tradition, Tigers of Agni deploy in 10-strong squads: four Space Marines using heavy weapons, five Space Marines with bolters to act as guards, and a Sergeant (or Veteran Sergeant) to lead them and keep an eye out for enemy infiltrators or fast attack units.
		Weapons: The Apex Predator is armed with a turret mounted twin-linked lascannon and twin-linked lascannons in each side sponson
		Options: The Apex Predator may have any of the following upgrades at the cost listed in the Space Marine Armory: dozer blades; extra armor; hunter-killer missile; pintle-mounted storm bolter; searchlight; smoke launchers.
	www.thewarp.net /war/tigersofveda/heavyspt.htm (773 words)

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