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	Apgar score - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Apgar score was devised in 1952 by Virginia Apgar as a simple and repeatable method to quickly and summarily assess the health of newborn children immediately after childbirth.
		The Apgar score is determined by evaluating the newborn baby on five simple criteria on a scale from zero to two and summing up the five values thus obtained.
		Low scores at the one minute test may require medical attention, but are not an indication of longer term problems, particularly if there is an improvement by the stage of the five minute test.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apgar (345 words)

	Apgar Score System
		Also called simply Apgar Score, the system is a medical rating procedure developed in 1952 by American anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar to evaluate the condition of newborn infants and to identify those who require life-sustaining medical assistance, such as resuscitation.
		The Apgar score is a qualitative measurement of a newborn's success in adapting to the environment outside the uterus.
		According to some researchers, the one- and five-minute Apgar scores are of limited use in predicting the degree of asphyxia (lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide) or the consequences of any neurological involvement.
	search.eb.com /women/articles/Apgar_Score_System.html (216 words)

	APGAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The APGAR score is a quick test done on an infant at 1, 5, and sometimes 10 minutes after birth to determine his or her physical condition.
		The APGAR score is based on looking at five aspects of the infant, first at 1 minute, then again at 5 minutes.
		A score of 10 is very rare as most babies' color is a bit blue right after birth, because of the stress of the birth.
	www.northmemorial.com /healthencyclopedia/content/1051.asp (352 words)

	Apgar score - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Apgar score
		Score achieved on a system devised to evaluate the well-being of a baby immediately after birth.
		A newborn with an Apgar score of ten is said to be perfectly fit and robust.
		A baby scoring less than seven requires resuscitation and support; the test is repeated at intervals to monitor progress.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Apgar+score (151 words)

	* Apgar score - (Disease): Definition
		APGAR SCORE - A recording of the physical health of a newborn infant, determined after examination of the adequacy of respiration, heart action, muscle tone, skin color, and reflexes.
		The APGAR score is a quick test performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to determine the physical condition of the newborn.
		Judged by the only two measures of outcome available on birth certificates, birthweight and Apgar score, mothers and babies have distinctly better than average outcomes when births are attended by midwives, either in or out of hospitals...
	en.mimi.hu /disease/apgar_score.html (265 words)

	Apgar score (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Apgar score is determined by evaluating newborn baby on five simple criteria on scale from zero to two and summing the five values thus obtained.
		Low scores at the one minute test require medical attention but are not an of longer term problems particularly if there an improvement by the stage of the minute test.
		If the Apgar score remains 3 at later times such as 10 or 30 minutes there is a risk the child will suffer longer term neurological damage.
	www.freeglossary.com /Apgar_Score (499 words)

	Apgar Score - Talk Medical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Apgar score is a number arrived at by scoring the heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, skin color, and response to a catheter in the nostril.
		The Apgar score is done routinely 60 seconds after the birth of the infant and then it is commonly repeated 5 minutes after birth.
		An Apgar score of 0-3 at 20 minutes of age is predictive of high rates of morbidity (disease) and mortality (death).
	www.talkmd.com /medical-dictionary/print-1092 (232 words)

	Population Health Metrics \| Full text \| Early Infant Morbidity in the City of São Paulo, Brazil
		Apgar scores at ten minutes of life were found to be one of the most powerful predictors of the long-term adverse outcome in severely asphyxiated infants [11], more predictive than one or five minute scores.
		The 40% who scored lowest were categorized as living in a 'district with poor development', the middle 40% as living in a 'district with medium development' and the highest scoring 20% were categorized as living in a 'highly developed district' [35].
		The association between low Apgar scores and low birth weight and low gestational age, for preterm births, was found by Hegyi et al [42], in a population based study conducted in New Jersey.
	www.pophealthmetrics.com /content/1/1/7 (7592 words)

	Apgar score (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Scoring is preferably done by someone other than the person who delivered the baby.
		Two scores are recorded: the first at 60 seconds after birth (defined as the moment when the soles of the feet and the top of the head are visible), and the second at 5 minutes after birth.
		An Apgar score is a way of alerting the nursery staff to newborns who may require special attention, but it is primarily a tool for studying the effects of treatments on groups of infants, not individuals.
	www.sizes.com /people/apgar_score.htm (229 words)

	Ginny
		Apgar is said to have developed the lO-point scoring system in 1952 to force physicians and nurses to pay more attention to newborns in the first critical minutes of life.
		Apgar's contributions to medicine and health, however, extended far beyond the development of the infant test that bears her name.
		Apgar turned her attention to the fledgling field of anesthesiology, eventually focusing on obstetrics and the effects of anesthesia techniques on newborns.
	www.apgar.net /virginia (581 words)

	Apgar score -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If the Apgar score remains below 3 at later times such as 10, 15, or 30 minutes, there is a risk that the child will suffer longer term (Click link for more info and facts about neurological) neurological damage.
		There is also a small but significant increase in the risk of (A loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth) cerebral palsy.
		Some ten years after the initial publication, the acronym APGAR was coined in the US as a (Click link for more info and facts about mnemonic) mnemonic learning aid: Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ap/apgar_score.htm (367 words)

	Neonatology on the Web: Evaluation of Newborn - V. Apgar
		The principle of giving a "score" to a patient as a sum total of several objective findings is not new and has been used recently in judging the treatment of drug addiction.
		A heart rate of 100-140 was considered good and given a score of two, a rate of under 100 received a score of one, and if no heart beat could be seen, felt or heard the score was zero.
		The average score of the 18 babies was remarkably good, 8.6, and probably reflects the use of minimal medication during the final stage of labor.
	www.neonatology.org /classics/apgar.html (3173 words)

	Apgar scores and the newborn baby
		The Apgar score is used in assessing the health of a newborn baby.
		Apgar readings are taken at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth.
		In her 1952 paper presenting her new scoring system, Dr Virginia Apgar stated 'It has been most gratifying to note the enthusiastic interest and competitive spirit displayed by the obstetric house staff who took great pride in a baby with a high score.
	njnj.essortment.com /apgarscore_ryop.htm (541 words)

	What Is the Apgar Score?
		Although the Apgar score was developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist named Virginia Apgar, you may have also heard it referred to as an acronym for: Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, and Respiration.
		Scores obtainable are between 10 and 0, with 10 being the highest possible score.
		For example, a score between 4 and 6 at 1 minute indicates that your baby simply needs some special immediate care, such as suctioning of the airways or oxygen to help him or her breathe, after which your baby may improve.
	www.kidshealth.org /PageManager.jsp?dn=poehealth&lic=111&ps=107&cat_id=20058&article_set=25452 (572 words)

	APGAR SCORE
		The Apgar score—devised by Dr. Virginia Apgar in 1952—is a quick appraisal of the initial health of your baby.
		A baby who begins life with a one-minute Apgar of 5 and remains at 5 after five minutes would need more careful observation, possibly in a transitional nursery, and then would be allowed to room-in with the mother when her vital systems become stable.
		The Apgar score should have a "For medical use only" label, but over the years this score has been given to parents who have perceived the number as a sort of infant IQ test—an unnecessary source of anxiety for parents of low-scoring babies.
	www.askdrsears.com /html/10/T110227.asp (375 words)

	Changing the Face of Medicine \| Dr. Virginia Apgar
		Virginia Apgar, M.D., the first woman to become a full professor at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, designed the first standardized method for evaluating the newborn's transition to life outside the womb—the Apgar Score.
		Apgar first planned the score to be taken one minute after birth, as a guide to the need for resuscitation.
		Apgar went on to relate the score more closely to the effects of labor, delivery, and maternal anesthetics on the baby's condition.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_12.html (713 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Apgar's research on anesthesia and childbirth led her to her greatest innovation: the Newborn Scoring System---better known as the "Apgar Score"---for assessing the health of newborn infants, which she conceived in 1949, refined, and finally published in 1953.
		Because Apgar realized that "Birth is the most hazardous time of life," she created a system for quickly and accurately assessing a baby's health in the crucial minutes after birth.
		A perfect score of 10 and 10 is rare in practice; but a score of at least 7 and 7 virtually guarantees a newborn's health.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/apgar.html (362 words)

	Apgar Score (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Apgar barreled through the middle for a first down, and then a touchdown.
		Jon Apgar led the way with 13 tackles, and eight different WOU players had tackles for loss...
		Myers said the penetration of defensive tackles TJ Pipe and David Apgar was a key, and...
	www.wikiverse.org /apgar-score (397 words)

	Apgar testing
		Apgar testing is the assessment of the newborn rating color, heart rate, stimulus response, muscle tone, and respirations on a scale of zero to two, for a maximum possible score of 10.
		Apgar scoring was originally developed in the 1950s by the anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar to assist practitioners attending a birth in deciding whether or not a newborn was in need of resuscitation.
		With a score of 0-3, the newborn is unresponsive, apneic, pale, limp and may not have a pulse.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/apgar_testing.jsp (1024 words)

	Apgar Score - Detroit, Michigan
		The Apgar score is a test used to measure the vital signs of a baby at birth (fig.
		The Apgar score is now used worldwide to quickly assess the health of an infant one minute and five minutes after birth.
		The Apgar score may be repeated at 10 minutes and later to assess the effectiveness of the intervention or treatment.
	www.henryfordhealth.org /116302.cfm (474 words)

	Apgar score (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some ten years after the initial publication, the acronym APGAR was coined in the US as a mnemonic learning aid: ' A ppearance (skin color), P ulse (heart rate), G rimace (reflex irritability), A ctivity (muscle tone), and R 'espiration.
		score baseball score musical score piano score score card score improvement score magazine score tennis score video music score football score bowling score credit score
		Apgar, Kristina Fan site hosts club and offers news, message boards, and images catgorized by campaign.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Apgar_score.html (464 words)

	SELLER_PAPER
		Apgar maintained that after nine months of observing the mother, at least a one minute assessment of the baby was warranted.
		The stage was set for Apgar, who would not be a surgeon because she was a woman, but who would nonetheless become a leader in anesthesia and medical science by developing the APGAR Score.
		The development of the APGAR Score was the greatest accomplishment of Virginia Apgar, who died in her sleep on August 7, 1974, at the age of sixty-five.
	apgar.net /virginia/SELLER_PAPER.html (3280 words)

	A Pioneering Physician
		The Apgar score measures a baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color one and five minutes after birth and is now used throughout the world.
		While the score was a key achievement in her life, Dr. Apgar's professional activities also influenced anesthesiology, obstetrics, perinatology, and knowledge about birth defects.
		The tribute to Dr. Apgar, which began with grand rounds by Dr. Hyman on the history of infant resuscitation, ended with a concert by a quartet of PandS students playing music Dr. Apgar treasured on string instruments that she made.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /news/in-vivo/Vol1_Iss16_oct09_02/index.html (825 words)

	Emergency Medicine at NCEMI: APGAR score (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For the Apgar score, newborns are given a rating based on 5 qualities that are assessed at one minute, five minutes and 10 minutes after delivery.
		A score is determined by awarding zero, one or two points in each category.
		A five-minute scores of seven or higher indicates the baby has come through the delivery in in good condition and probably does not need special attention immediately.
	www.ncemi.org /welcome/apgar.htm (226 words)

	Virginia Apgar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The idea for her score was conceived over breakfast in the hospital cafeteria when a medical student questioned her about methods for assessing the newborn.
		Apgar promptly sat down and wrote her scoring method on the back of a notice which told people what to do with their trays.
		Virginia Apgar then went on to do further important research in neonatal acid-base status, especially in terms of hypoxia and acidosis, and also on the effects of maternal anesthesia on the neonate.
	www.manbit.com /oa/apgar.htm (222 words)

	The Apgar Score and Its Components in the Preterm Infant -- Hegyi et al. 101 (1): 77 -- Pediatrics
		The Apgar Score and Its Components in the Preterm Infant -- Hegyi et al.
		The 1-minute Apgar score median (25%, 75%) was 6(4,8) and correlated with the 5-minute score of 8(7,9) at r =.78.
		Apgar scores and the smaller contribution at higher scores.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/101/1/77 (2537 words)

	APGAR Scoring for Newborns - Childbirth.org
		A score is given for each sign at one minute and five minutes after the birth.
		If there are problems with the baby an additional score is given at 10 minutes.
		A score of 7-10 is considered normal, while 4-7 might require some resuscitative measures, and a baby with apgars of 3 and below requires immediate resuscitation.
	www.childbirth.org /articles/apgar.html (67 words)

	* APGAR - (Disease): Definition
		See also: Birth, Apgar score, Infant, Muscle, Heart
		The 5-minute APGAR score assesses how well the newborn is adapting to the environment.
		Apgar Score: An evaluation of a newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb, performed at 1 and 5 minutes.
	en.mimi.hu /disease/apgar.html (260 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology: Apgar score (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Apgar Score is the sum of numerical results from tests performed on newborn infants.
		The primary purpose of the Apgar series of tests is to determine as soon as possible after birth whether an infant requires any medical attention, and to determine whether transfer to a neonatal (newborn infant) intensive care unit is necessary.
		An infant with an Apgar score of eight to ten is considered to be in excellent health.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0000/ai_2699000019 (301 words)

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