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	Aphid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aphids, also known as greenfly/flfly or plant lice, are minute plant-feeding insects in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the homopterous division of the order Hemiptera.
		Aphids' antennae are composed of two thick basal segments and a flagellum with as many as four segments.
		Aphid honeydew is rich on carbohydrates (like melezitose), of which the aphids ingest an excess, being phloem-feeders.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aphid (1394 words)

	Aphidomorpha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Aphids are a group of about 4,400 species of small insects that feed on the phloem fluid of plants.
		Aphids combine three traits - thelytokous parthenogenesis (obligate parthenogenesis where females give birth only to female offspring), short generation time (about 10 days on average), and telescoping of generations (where grandaughters begin developing directly within the daughters which are themselves not yet born) - to reach very large population sizes very quickly.
		Aphids are one of the few groups of animals that undergo cyclical parthenogenesis - that is, the alternation of one or many generations of asexual (parthenogenetic) reproduction with a single generation of sexual reproduction.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Aphidomorpha&contgroup=Sternorrhyncha (1138 words)

	Aphid
		Aphids, or plant lice, are small, soft-bodied insects which are common pests of nearly all indoor and outdoor ornamental plants, as well as vegetables, field crops, and fruit trees.
		Witchhazel Cone Gall Aphid, Spiny Witchhazel Gall Aphid, and the Elm Cockscomb Gall Aphid.
		Migrating aphids are attracted to the yellow-green color of unthrifty plants.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/entomology/factsheets/gaphids.html (1054 words)

	Aphids Management Guidelines--UC IPM
		Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects with long, slender mouth parts that they use to pierce stems, leaves, and other tender plant parts and suck out plant fluids.
		Aphids tend to be most prevalent along the upwind edge of the garden and close to other sources of aphids, so make a special effort to check these areas.
		Ants are often associated with aphid populations, especially on trees and shrubs, and often are a tip-off that an aphid infestation is present.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7404.html (2670 words)

	Managing Soybean Aphid
		The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), an insect native of Asia, has rapidly invaded soybean in Minnesota and the U.S. Last summer the explosive buildup of aphids led to severe yield losses and unanticipated insecticide use in southeast Minnesota.
		The primary effect of soybean aphids was on pod set, with lesser effects on number of nodes and seeds per pod.
		Also check for signs of aphids, such as the white cast skins of molting aphids, honeydew (sap excreted by aphids), or sooty mold (a fl mold that grows on honeydew).
	www.soybeans.umn.edu /crop/insects/aphid/aphid_publication_managingsba.htm (1280 words)

	Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines, Management in North Dakota - 2002
		The original discovery of soybean aphid was in July and early August of 2000 where it was found feeding on soybeans in the midwestern states of Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and southeastern Minnesota.
		Soybean aphids hatch in the spring and are expected to have two to three generations of wingless females before a winged generation leaves the overwintering host in search of soybean.
		Later, as the growing point slows, the aphids slow their reproductive rate, move down to the middle and lower part of the plant, and feed on the undersides of leaves, stems, and pods.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/pests/e1232w.htm (1709 words)

	Rosy Apple Aphid, HYG-2207-94
		Because rosy apple aphid does not occur in most orchards in most years in Ohio, it is important to determine each spring whether or not this pest is present in individual orchards.
		Aphid nymphs and adults are usually found on the expanding leaf buds and fruit bud clusters, where they use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to draw sugary sap from the phloem of succulent shoots and leaves.
		Overwintering aphid eggs can be targeted with a delayed dormant spray to prevent early damage to fruit or expanding leaves, although a spray at the pink bud stage, after eggs have hatched, is usually more effective for control of rosy apple aphid.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2207.html (1269 words)

	Soybean Aphid 2001 - Biology and Management
		Symptoms of aphid feeding are leaves with rolled edges and puckering (Figure 2), easily confused with virus symptoms, yellow leaves, stunted plants with shortened internodes and petioles, early maturity, sooty mold growth, defoliation.
		For the soybean aphid this is the buckthorn shrub (Rhamnus spp.- Fig.
		The yellow/green aphids are soybean aphids; the chocolate colored structures that are the size of aphids are the remains of aphids killed by a fungal pathogen.
	www.plantpath.wisc.edu /soyhealth/soyaph01.htm (1684 words)

	Aphid Pests of Florida Citrus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Spirea aphids were first discovered in the Tampa area in 1923 and have since spread throughout the state.The spirea aphid has an overwintering cycle on spirea and infests a wide variety of plants in the summer.
		Aphids injure citrus by feeding on young growth and causing the leaves to become curled and twisted (Figure 5).
		Aphids parasitized (Figure 10) by the most common family of parasites swell up until they are almost spherical in shape becoming a brassy brown in color.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /CH055 (2084 words)

	IPM : Field Crops : Spotted Alfalfa Aphid (Therioaphis maculata Buckton)
		Therefore, an aphid fitting this description on alfalfa is likely to be the spotted alfalfa aphid, while that found on red, alsike, or sweet clover is not the spotted alfalfa aphid.
		Spotted alfalfa aphids winter primarily in the adult stage in the crown of the alfalfa plant, feeding whenever the weather permits.
		Since no male spotted alfalfa aphids have been observed in the United States to date, every spotted alfalfa aphid is assumed to be a female capable of giving birth to living young, at the rate of 1 to 6 a day under optimum conditions.
	www.ipm.uiuc.edu /fieldcrops/insects/spotted_alfalfa_aphid (807 words)

	The Problem: Aphids
		Aphids are attracted to some crops at certain growth stages, for example, lilies at the tight bud stage.
		Aphids feed in buds and flowers and on the undersides of lower leaves of the plant.
		Aphid infestations are often localized and it may be acceptable to limit insecticide application(s) only to the affected crop (spot treatments).
	www.ipmofalaska.com /files/aphids.html (1840 words)

	Honeysuckle Witches' Broom Aphid
		The honeysuckle witches' broom aphid is a recent invader of Colorado.
		Many generations of the aphid are produced on the plant throughout the growing season, including winged forms that disperse to other plants.
		Highest aphid populations are produced on plants that are pruned, irrigated and overfertilized during the year.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05546.html (590 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for aphid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		aphid APHID [aphid] or plant louse, tiny, usually green, soft-bodied, pear-shaped insect injurious to vegetation.
		Effect of Russian wheat aphid on yield and yield components of field grown susceptible and resistant spring barley.
		Biotype 2 Russian wheat aphid resistance among wheat germplasm accessions.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/00623.html (654 words)

	www.soybeans.umn.edu - Soybean Aphid
		Aphid Situation: The soybean aphid situation developing this year is exactly opposite what we saw in 2001, when populations exploded first in SE Minnesota with treatable levels progressing north and west during the summer.
		A change in aphid numbers from 1 to 2 aphids per plant may seem inconsequential; the change from 10 to 20 noticeable; the change from 100 to 200 dramatic; even though populations have only doubled in each case.
		Aphid levels are less severe on the beaches and farther east.
	www.soybeans.umn.edu /crop/insects/aphid/aphid.htm (2136 words)

	melon aphid or cotton aphid - Aphis gossypii Glover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Because melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere.
		One aphid commonly confused with the cotton aphid is the spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch.
		Melon aphid effectively transmits potyviruses, although it is only one of dozens of species implicated in the spread of plant viruses in cucurbits.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /veg/aphid/melon_aphid.htm (1609 words)

	Part II - Diseases, Pests and Natural Enemies -Green Aphids (Apple Aphid and Spirea Aphid) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The spirea aphid has a broader host range and is more likely to immigrate into apple than apple aphid, which may stay on apple year round or immigrate later in the season.
		In August and during the autumn months, these aphids are found almost exclusively on watersprouts or terminal branches of young trees that are still growing, and where male and female sexual forms are produced.
		However, because this aphid complex does not migrate to alternate hosts as rosy apple aphids do, it must be scouted for and managed until the terminals harden off.
	tfpg.cas.psu.edu /part2/part22bm.htm (496 words)

	Aphids
		Aphids, or plant lice, are small, soft-bodied, pear shaped insects which are commonly found on nearly all indoor and outdoor plants, as well as vegetables, field crops, and fruit trees.
		Most aphids are about 1/10 inch long, and athough most of them are green or fl, they may be gray, brown, pink, red, yellow, or lavender.
		A characteristic common to all aphids is the presence of two tubes, called cornicles, on the back ends of their bodies, sort of like "tailpipes".
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/aphid.html (805 words)

	MicroAngela - Aphid
		Aphids are insects that are parasites on the roots, leaves, and stems of plants.
		Aphids have a proboscis which contains four sharp stylets which is used to pierce plant tissue and suck out the nutritive juices.
		Aphids also secrete a sweet substance called honeydew, and some kinds of ants actually hide and keep aphids to "farm" them for this "candy".
	www.pbrc.hawaii.edu /bemf/microangela/aphid.htm (100 words)

	Greenbug, aphid
		The wingless form of the yellow sugarcane aphid is bright lemon yellow with rows of bumps (tubercles) along the abdomen from which hairs (setae), has short cornicles (not longer than wide), and five segmented antennae.
		The wingless Russian wheat aphid is darker green, also has short cornicles, but has six-segmented antennae and a conspicuous elongated structure (caudal process) on the back end of the body that gives it a "double tail" appearance when viewed from the side.
		The corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), is common throughout Texas, especially in the leaf whorls of corn and sorghum, and to a lesser extent on small grains.
	insects.tamu.edu /fieldguide/aimg104.html (719 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Bean Aphid on Sugarbeet
		Bean aphid is a common aphid pest of sugarbeets in the Central Valley.
		Except for the presence of wings, the winged form of the bean aphid is similar in appearance to the wingless one.
		Bean aphid is also attacked by a fungus disease that leaves the aphid body flattened and it appears to be glued to the leaf.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r735300311.html (1252 words)

	giant willow aphid
		Because there are so many species of aphids, it would be impossible to do species pages for all of them; however, most are similar in many ways to Giant Willow Aphids, besides being smaller.
		Aphids can do great damage to their host plants when colonies are large.
		When aphids are disturbed, they kick all six of their legs with a lot of energy.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/giant_willow_aphid.htm (616 words)

	The Bug Review-Aphids
		Aphids may be green, fl, brown, red, pink, or some other color.
		Dense colonies of aphids may be found along stems or on the underside of a leaf.
		Aphids are sucking insects which draw great quantities of sap, causing leaves and stems to become distorted.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /bugreview/aphids.html (228 words)

	oleander aphid - Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The oleander aphid, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, sometimes called the milkweed aphid, is a common pest of several important ornamental plants in the families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae.
		It is thought that the oleander aphid is an obligate parthenogenetic species; thus the adult aphids are all female and males do not occur in the wild.
		The damage caused by aphid colonies is mainly aesthetic due to the large amounts of sticky honeydew produced by the colony members and the resulting fl sooty mold that grows on the honeydew.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /orn/shrubs/oleander_aphid.htm (839 words)

	aphid
		Aphids feed by inserting their beaks into stems, leaves, or roots, and sucking the plant juices.
		Some aphids (e.g., the woolly apple aphid) secrete long strands of waxy material from wax glands, forming a conspicuous woolly coating for their colonies.
		aphid: Classification - Classification Aphids are classified in several families of the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta,...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0804344.html (335 words)

	Rosy Apple Aphid
		While large numbers of any type of aphid can stunt new growth and cause sooty mold to develop on fruit and leaves, the rosy apple aphid injects a toxin with its saliva that causes the leaf to curl and the fruit to be distorted.
		The aphid overwinters on apple trees as eggs laid on twigs, bud axils, or in bark crevices.
		The aphids continue to reproduce on apple until summer, then winged forms are produced which migrate to other hosts such as dock and narrow-leaved plantain to spend the summer.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/Entomology/entfacts/fruit/ef211.htm (819 words)

	Spirea Aphid
		It is the main aphid pest of citrus worldwide, having made a shift to several tropical crops in the 1950's.
		Indirect injury results when aphids secrete large amounts of honeydew on which grows a fl fungus that smuts both the fruit and leaves and causes considerable discoloration, especially of early apples.
		Aphid populations should be scouted for and managed until the terminal shoots harden off.
	www.ento.vt.edu /Fruitfiles/spirea.html (1270 words)

	Honey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instead of taking nectar, bees can take honeydew, which appears similar to honey and consists of the sweet secretions of aphids or other plant sap-sucking insects.
		Most important of these is the aphid Marchalina hellenica which feeds on the sap of the Turkish Pine.
		Honeydew from pine forests has a "piney" taste and is prized for medicinal use in Europe and Turkey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Honey (3183 words)

	The Aphid Life Cycle
		When considering the life cycle of an aphid, for instance, we can't avoid focusing on its curious reproduction strategies and the kinds of host plants it lives on during different stages of its life.
		Aphids spend most of their lives with their straw-like beaks stuck into leaves and stems, sucking out sweet plant juices.
		For instance, Green Peach Aphids overwinter as eggs on peach and related trees but in spring they move to various weeds and agricultural crops, and then still later they move to potato crops, only in the fall returning to peach and related trees.
	www.backyardnature.net /aphid_lc.htm (756 words)

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