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Topic: Apis cerana

	Reproductive behavior of Varroa jacobsoni in the sympatric host species Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in Northern ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Reproduktionsverhalten der Bienenmilbe Varroa jacobsoni auf den sympatrischen Bienenarten Apis mellifera und Apis cerana in Nordthailand
		In the middle of this century the parasite shifted to the western bee species Apis mellifera, causing severe damages in the colonies.
		By dissection of the ovaries of reproducing mites in drone brood and non-reproducing mites in worker brood the course of oogenesis in the original host should be determined.
	www.uni-hohenheim.de /i3ve/00217110/01452041.htm (212 words)

	A guide to beekeeping in the Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Apis cerana according to records was first framed during the year 1978.
		Apis cerana is the first known species of honeybee to be cultured.
		Apis cerana is hived in boxes with frames similar to those used for Apis mellifera.
	www.apiservices.com /articles/us/beekeeping_philippines.htm (1679 words)

	Ch05
		The history of beekeeping with Apis cerana in Asia is at least as ancient as that of beekeeping with A.
		cerana are highly responsive to threats by the bees' natural enemies, and it is of the utmost importance for the beekeeper to make every effort to protect his colonies against attacks by bee pests.
		Apis cerana queens can be artificially inseminated but the technique is difficult even under normal laboratory conditions, and transferring this technology to rural beekeepers would create many problems.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X0083E/X0083E05.htm (4465 words)

	BIBBA Bee Improvement and Bee breeding Association - honey bee conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The lifestyle of Apis cerana is similar to that of the Western Honeybees, and like Apis mellifera it is used in apiculture with modern moveable comb hives.
		Cerana is however, highly susceptible to the acarine mite, which arrived with the introduction of Mellifera bees into Cerana territory.
		Two dozen geographic races of the Western Honeybee, Apis mellifera, have been recognised, adapted to a range of environments from the cold Continental climate of Eastern Europe, through the moist temperate climate of the Atlantic seaboard, the warmth of the Mediterranean, and the heat of the tropics and semi-deserts.
	www.angus.co.uk /bibba/bibborig.html (7103 words)

	Enciclopedia :: Apis cerana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Apis cerana es una especie de abeja melífera propia de Asia, normalmente conocida como abeja melífera asiática o abeja melífera oriental.
		Apis cerana tiene como ectoparásito natural al ácaro Varroa jacobsoni, el cual al pasar a la abeja europea (Apis mellifera), causó serios daños económicos en la apicultura a nivel mundial.
		Apis cerana cerana Fabricius (sinónimo de Apis cerana sinensis), se distribuye en Afganistán, Paquistán, norte de India, China y norte de Vietnam.
	www.enciclopedia.cc /topic/Apis_cerana.html (1173 words)

	Himalayan ceranaid: Apis cerana beekeeping in Nepal
		Of these, the well-known Apis mellifera is present as an introduced species-- confined primarily to the lowland Terai and mid-hill regions-- the rest of the species are native to Nepal.
		However, Apis cerana is quite distinct from Apis mellifera in being well-adapted to the Himalayan region.
		However, frames and other hive equipment brought in for use with Apis mellifera were too large to properly maintain Apis cerana; top-bars (accomodating the width of an average comb plus a bee-space) for the latter should be 2.9-3.2 cm wide as opposed to 3.7 cm for European strains of Apis mellifera.
	www3.telus.net /conrad/nepalbee.htm (5929 words)

	:: APMN \| publications - Vol. 5, No. 2 ::
		Apis florea, Apis dorsata, and Apis laboriosa are wild in nature and cannot be kept in hives.
		Apis cerana, the native honeybee, is not popular among commercial beekeepers because of its low honey yield and undesirable behavioural traits: for example,frequent swarming and absconding.
		Apis cerana is cold resistant, suitable for stationary beekeeping, and available for the pollination of early blooming mountain crops.
	www.mtnforum.org /apmn/new_website/publications/5_2_a.php (3254 words)

	Zach's Bee Photos [(c) Zachary Huang] :: Asian Bees
		Extensive grooming is considered one of the traits that cerana has to fight against varroa mites.
		In Apis cerana, they do not seem to recycle the wax for brood cells as much as our bees.
		A. cerana probably never reuses old wax for brood capping (as the mellifera do), since the brood capping is almost as clean as the honey capping.
	drone.cyberbee.net /gallery/asianbees (159 words)

	Bees for Development :: Apis mellifera versus Apis cerana in the north of Thailand
		Apis mellifera versus Apis cerana in the north of Thailand
		Because of the decline of Apis cerana colonies in many regions of Asia, Apis cerana is an endangered species The smaller the native population of Apis cerana in any area, the higher the danger for this bee because of its mating behaviour
		When the Apis cerana population is destroyed a native and well-adapted pollinator for both native and agricultural plants will be lost The results for native plant biodiversity and the pollination of agricultural crops cannot be estimated Is Apis mellifera able to pollinate as effectively as Apis cerana?
	www.beesfordevelopment.org /info/info/species/apis-mellifera-versus-api.shtml (706 words)

	Navhind Times on the Web: Lifeplus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Apis cerana is available in all pockets of the country.
		Apis dorsata, (the rock bee or giant bee) are found in foot hills of Himalayas, northern India and in forests and plains of central India.
		There is a smaller bee called Apis florea (Little bee), which is common in central part of India and also occurs in arid and desert region of extreme climates, and also in plains and forests.
	www.navhindtimes.com /articles.php?Story_ID=020725 (924 words)

	Bees for Development :: How Apis cerana keep Varroa in check
		Apis cerana and Varroa have built up a balanced host-parasite interrelation in which neither the bees nor the mites completely kill the other species.
		This is because during their long, evolutionary process in Apis cerana colonies the growth of Varroa populations is restricted to the time when drone brood is present.
		In colonies of Apis cerana the main reason for the restricted population growth of the mite is partially explained by physiological barriers in the worker brood and/or in the mite itself.
	www.beesfordevelopment.org /info/info/disease/how-apis-cerana-keep-varr.shtml (773 words)

	Ch02
		Honeybees of the genus Apis belong to the family Apidae, a sub-group of this superfamily.
		The several combs of an A. cerana colony are built parallel to each other, and a uniform distance known as the "bee space" is respected between them.
		As in the other Apis species, honey is stored in the upper part of the combs, but also in the outer combs, adjacent to the hive walls.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x0083e/X0083E02.htm (3134 words)

	The Honeybee Family
		Apis florea (the little honeybee) and Apis dorsata (the giant honeybee) are both indigenous to India.
		Apis cerana (the Eastern honeybee) is kept in hives - being smaller than the Western honeybee, the hives are a smaller version of the Langstroth design.
		Apis mellifera is the Western honeybee - the honeybee of this country.
	www.bbka.org.uk /articles/honeybee_family.php (3372 words)

	Zach's Bee Photos [(c) Zachary Huang], for Prints :: Search
		Apis cerana is the sister species of our bees (A. mellifera).
		An Apis cerana foraging on a mustard (Brassicaceae).
		This is also true in Apis mellifera: if a mite has defecated on the pupae, she would have no daughters.
	photo.bees.net /gallery/search.php?=&searchstring=cerana (1392 words)

	Honey Bee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The oriental hive bee, Apis cerana, occurs in all the J.
		American foul brood (first detected in 1996 in the occidental bee Apis mellifera) infection was noted in feral colonies of the oriental bee Apis cerana and in those maintained for research trials.
		With the introduction of Apis mellifera in Pakistan in 1977-78, this mite became a serious pest of this newly introduced honeybee and destroyed a large number of its colonies.
	www.parc.gov.pk /honey.html (4056 words)

	Apis cerana - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Like the honeybee (Apis mellifera), they are partly domesticated and used in apiculture, mostly in wooden boxes with fixed frames.
		Apis cerana is the natural host to the mite genus Varroa destructor, a serious pest of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera).
		cerana japonica) surround the hornet and vibrate until the temperature is raised to 47°C (117°F), heating the hornet to death, but still under their own lethal limit (48-50°C).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1225286 (236 words)

	TermPapers-TermPapers.com - Social Organization Of Honeybees
		Apis Mellifera, the most widely distributed species of honeybee is know to flourish all over the earth's suface from the tropics to the sub-artic areas.
		The third, Apis Cerana is very much like Apis Mellifera in that it will nest in hollow trees or rock cravaces, building a nest using several parelle combs.
		Other similarities between Apis Cerana and Apis Mellifera are found in their anatomy and social organization.
	www.termpapers-termpapers.com /dbs/d5/pya67.shtml (1323 words)

	[No title]
		The propagation and renewal of A. mellifera in Autumn were quicker than those of A. cerana cerana, while the effect of overcoming Summer was inferior to that of Apis cerana cerana.
		The sex ratio of A. mellifera was (314.4 +- 289.9): 1-(329.4 +- 305.8): 1, and that of A. cerana cerana was (334.2 +- 235.5): 1-(413.1 +- 377.2): 1.
		A fragment of the subunit I of the cytochrome oxidase gene and the intergenic region between the tRNAleu and the subunit II of the cytochrome oxidase gene was amplified by PCR and digested with the endonucleases HincII and Dral respectively.
	www.canis.uiuc.edu /~schatz/databases/apis-mellifera.biosis-1998.txt (9649 words)

	UGA Honey Bee Program - Honey Bee Disorders - Varroa mite - Guest Editorial on Significance of Mite Nonreproduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A battery of control measures, mostly chemical, was developed and beekeeping changed in a matter of years from a pesticide-free agricultural enterprise to one that was virtually pesticide-dependent.
		cerana in Indonesia as Jacobson found it, and not the culprit to worldwide calamity we had thought.
		Put another way, Apis mellifera is 100% resistant to 90% of the known Varroa genotypes.
	www.ent.uga.edu /bees/Disorders/guest.htm (1215 words)

	Zach's Bee Photos [(c) Zachary Huang], for Prints :: Search
		I've read that most bees that build their nest in the open such as Apis dorsata and Apis florea are very aggresive and difficult to approach.
		Spore stage of Nosema apis, the protozoan that causes Nosema disease in honey bees.
		Caused by a fungus (Ascosphaera apis), this disease is mostly considered a "stress" disease, only occuring in weak, or in otherwise stressed colonies (pesticide kill, not enough workers, sudden cold spell in spring etc).
	photo.bees.net /gallery/search.php?=&searchstring=Apis (2651 words)

	Naomi Saville - Battling with bee brood disease in Apis cerana in W. Nepal - Some findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They estimated that 72% of Apis cerana in 11 zones and 98% in 3 districts around Lumle were lost, resulting in an overall estimated 89% loss of colonies at that time.
		In the district of Jumla where ICIMOD conducted farmer participatory action research, Apis cerana cerana was identified as a valuable genetic resource with potential for matching Apis mellifera in terms of production and ease of management (Verma 1992, 1998).
		Experiences of managing Apis cerana cerana bee colonies in modified log top-bar and other hives suggest that empirical trials should be made of the efficacy of Neem and the Nepali ayurvedic herbal decoction for controlling TSBV and EFB.
	www.apiculture.com /articles/us/saville/brood_disease.htm (2881 words)

	Bees for Development :: Genetic diversity in Apis cerana*
		To achieve stock improvement, different Apis cerana subspecies and ecotypes should be accumulated at a central location and superior genotypes be identified.
		Another important pre-requisite for stock improvement is to evolve efficient queen rearing for Apis cerana and also establish isolated mating stations for pure line breeding.
		The latter is essential because instrumental insemination in Apis cerana has unexpectedly turned out to be a difficult task due to very low volumes of semen ejaculated by drones.
	www.beesfordevelopment.org /info/info/species/genetic-diversity-in-apis.shtml (702 words)

	PaDIL - Fact Sheet
		Apis cerana also has a distinct hindwing character as shown in the figure shown.
		Apis cerana prefer to nest in small spaces, such as hollowed out tree trunks.
		Apis mellifera), they are partly domesticated and used in agriculture, mostly in wooden boxes with fixed frames.
	www.padil.gov.au /viewPest.aspx?id=39 (333 words)

	Summary of report: Development of a specific aggregation lure for Apis cerana javana
		Pilot trials were conducted to develop selective attractants for the Asian hive bee Apis cerana javana based on the natural scents (pheromones) of the pest.
		The PNG trials demonstrated that worker bees were very attracted to a five-component synthetic blend based on the natural queen substance that we identified for A. cerana javana.
		cerana javana was selected exclusively by worker bees from other pheromone blends and individual lures in the intermediate-range trials.
	www.rirdc.gov.au /reports/HBE/04-012sum.html (251 words)

	Potentials of Apis cerana as pollinator for increasing global food production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The advantages and disadvantages of keeping colonies of the native Apis cerana and imported A. mellifera in India are discussed.
		Pollination studies in apple orchards showed that A. cerana was active for longer than A. mellifera each day (13.10 h compared with 12.28 h) but had shorter foraging trips and did not collect pollen and nectar at the same time.
		This might have the advantage of keeping A. cerana within the limits of the crop to be pollinated.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S80/VER93POTPRO0846.html (179 words)

	[No title]
		Nunamaker, R.A. Wilson, W.T. and Ahmad, R. Malate dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase isoenzymes of Apis florea, A. dorsata and A. cerana as detected by isoelectric focusing.
		Koeniger, N. and Muzaffar, N. Lifespan of parasitic honeybee mite, Tropilaelaps clareae, on Apis cerana, Dorsata and Mellifera.
		Muzaffar, N. and Ahmad, R. Migration of Apis cerana F. (Hym.: Apidae) from hills to foot-hills and vice versa.
	www.parc.gov.pk /Respubs/HBM.doc (4036 words)

	Local News [The Kathmandu Post (Nepal)]
		At present, indigenous honeybees, called Apis cerana, found at higher altitudes of Nepal, are being threatened mainly by Apis mellifera, a killer species of bees, which produces honey in great quantities and introduced in the country from Europe a decade ago by way of experiment.
		According to experts participating in the workshop that began today, the introduction of Apis mellifera has a very negative impact on the populations of indigenous honeybees and on pollination service of the flora in the mountainous regions, resulting in low yield in crop and fruit productions.
		Resam Thapa, a teacher at Rampur Agriculture Campus, giving reason why the species of Apis cerana should be preserved, said that the insects play important role in sustaining the fragile ecosystem of the Himalayas intact.
	www.nepalnews.com.np /contents/englishdaily/ktmpost/2002/nov/nov20/local.htm (2913 words)

	CSIRO Entomology - Bees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Asian bees, Apis cerana, and their parasitic Varroa mites are a major threat to the Australian beekeeping industry and to pollination services worth over $1billion per annum.
		Studies have now determined that the mite once referred to as Varroa jacobsoni is a species-complex that consists of two, but possibly five, different species.
		Specific strains of Asian bee carry specific strains of Varroa mite, with most strains of the bee carrying mites that are harmless to the European honey bee.
	www.ento.csiro.au /research/pestmgmt/bees/bees_varroa_main.html (776 words)

	Naomi Saville - Battling with bee brood disease in Apis cerana in W. Nepal - Some findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Occurrence of sac brood disease in Apis cerana Fab.
		Occurrence and spread of Thai Sacbrood Disease in Apis cerana.
		"Declining genetic diversity of Apis cerana in Hindu-Kush Himalayan region." In Asian Apiculture.
	www.apiservices.com /articles/us/saville/brood_disease.htm (2881 words)

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