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Topic: Apoapsis distance

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	4Reference \|\| Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As an object orbits another object, periapsis is that point at which the orbiting object is closest to the object being orbited; apoapsis is that point at which the orbiting object is farthest from the object being orbited.
		Note that there are alternative definitions for a "mean radius" or "average distance": if you average the radius over time for one orbit, or over the central angle (true anomaly), then the average distance is a function of both semimajor axis and eccentricity.
		In the case of gravity, scaling of distances (including sizes of bodies, while keeping the densities the same) gives similar orbits without scaling the time: if for example distances are halved, masses are divided by 8, gravitational forces by 16 and gravitational accelerations by 2.
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Orbit.html (1790 words)

	Apsis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The arithmetic mean of the two distances is the semi-major axis $a\!\, .$
		The geometric mean of the two distances is the semi-minor axis $b\!\, .$
		The geometric mean of the two speeds is $\sqrt{-2\epsilon}, the speed corresponding to a kinetic energy which, at any position of the orbit, added to the existing kinetic energy, would allow the orbiting body to escape (the square root of the sum of the squares of the two speeds is the local escape velocity).$
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Apsides (538 words)

	Apsis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, an apsis (plural apsides "ap-si-deez") is the point of greatest or least distance of the elliptical orbit of a celestial body from its center of attraction (the center of mass of the system).
		The point of closest approach is called the periapsis and the point of farthest approach is the apoapsis or apapsis (the latter term, although etymologically more correct, is much less used).
		Note that for conversion from heights above the surface to distances, the radius of the central body has to be added, and conversely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apsis (544 words)

	Apsis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The arithmetic mean of the two distances is the semi-major axis.
		The geometric mean of the two distances is the semi-minor axis.
		The geometric mean of the two speeds is, the speed corresponding to a kinetic energy which, at any position of the orbit, added to the existing kinetic energy, would allow the orbiting body to escape (the square root of the sum of the squares of the two speeds is the local escape velocity).
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/apsis.html (470 words)

	Encyclopedia: Apsis
		The center of mass or center of inertia of an object is a point at which the objects mass can be assumed, for many purposes, to be concentrated.
		In mathematics, an ellipse (from the Greek for absence) is a plane algebraic curve where the sum of the distances from any point on the curve to two fixed points is constant.
		Related terms are used to identify the body being orbited.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Apsis (1421 words)

	Imagine the Universe! Dictionary
		The eccentricity of an ellipse (planetary orbit) is the ratio of the distance between the foci and the major axis.
		Recently, their distances were determined to be large, placing the origins of the bursts in other galaxies.
		The constant which determines the relationship between the distance to a galaxy and its velocity of recession due to the expansion of the Universe.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/dict_ei.html (2606 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Orbit
		Early in the 17th century, the German astronomer and natural philosopher Johannes Kepler propounded three laws that first described the motions of the planets about the Sun: (1) The orbit of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse.
		In this form the law permits the masses of the planets to be calculated by measuring the sizes and periods of their satellites' orbits.
		The size of the orbit is given by the periapsis distance (SP) and the elongation of the orbit is given by the eccentricity (e).
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556131/Orbit.html (842 words)

	Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This mechanism is extremely weak for most stellar objects, only becoming significant in cases where there is a combination of extreme mass and extreme acceleration, such as with fl holes or neutron stars that are orbiting each other closely.
		Scaling of distances (including sizes of bodies, while keeping the densities the same) gives similar orbits without scaling the time: if for example distances are halved, masses are divided by 8, gravitational forces by 16 and gravitational accelerations by 2.
		Similarly, when an object is dropped from a tower, the time it takes to fall to the ground remains the same with a scale model of the tower on a scale model of the earth.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/O/Orbit.htm (2456 words)

	Neptune: Moons: Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At its apoapsis (greatest distance), Nereid is nearly seven times as far from Neptune as at its periapsis (smallest distance).
		All are less than half Triton's distance from Neptune and travel in nearly circular orbits that are prograde and in or near Neptune's equatorial plane.
		The energy sources and mechanisms for driving these plumes are not yet well understood, but their preference for latitudes illuminated vertically by the Sun has led to the conclusion that incident sunlight is an important factor in the process.
	www.space.com /reference/brit/neptune/moons.html (1680 words)

	Apoapsis [Definition]
		It studies the origins, evolution, physical and chemical properties of objects that can be observed in the sky (and are outside the earth), as well as the processes involving them....
		This is the major axis of the ellipseIn mathematics, an ellipse (from the Greek for absence) is a curve where the sum of the distances from any point on the curve to two fixed points is constant.
		According to the orbital energy conservation equation (also referred to as vis-viva equation) it is the same at all points of the trajectory:...
	www.wikimirror.com /Apoapsis (1162 words)

	Apogee Big Ben
		In astronomy, an apsis (plural apsides " ap-si-deez ") isthe point of greatest or least distance of the elliptical orbit ofa celestial body from its center of attraction (the center of mass of the system).
		Astraight line drawn through the periapsis and apoapsis is the line of apsides.
		Note that for conversion from heights above the surface to distances, the radius of the central body has to be added, andconversely.
	www.moviewavspage.com /sand/45792-apogee-big-ben.html (552 words)

	Kepler's Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At this location, the distance from the sun is 40 units and the velocity of the planet at that point is 2.000 units.
		The eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as the ratio of the distance between the two foci to the major axis:
		The -160 is the distance from the sun at that location in the orbit.
	faculty.fortlewis.edu /KOPP_R/PHSC200L/assignments/Kepler.html (1070 words)

	Astronomy Sight \| Astronomical Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Equivalently the eccentricity is (ra-rp)/(ra+rp) where ra is the apoapsis distance and rp is the periapsis distance.
		He founded the Lowell Observatory in Arizona (1894), where his studies of Mars led him to believe that the linear markings (first noted by Schiaparelli) on the surface were "canals" and therefore that the planet was inhabited by intelligent beings.
		The periapsis and apoapsis distances can be calculated from the semimajor axis and the eccentricity by rp = a(1-e) and ra = a(1+e).
	www.astronomysight.com /as/info/terms.html (4556 words)

	APOGEE - Definition
		[n] apoapsis in Earth orbit; the point in its orbit where a satellite is at the greatest distance from the Earth
		(Astron.) That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth.
		Note: Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/apogee (98 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hohmann transfer orbit
		is the distance of the orbiting body from the primary
		is radius of higher orbit, and apoapsis distance of Hohmann transfer orbit.
		Whether moving into a higher or lower orbit, by Kepler's third law, the time taken to transfer between the orbits is: This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee and perigee, aphelion and perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hohmann-transfer-orbit (1766 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The habitable zone distances are equivalent to those given in the stellar habitable zone table in the 2300:AD second edition, not the formulae which accompany the table, which produce different results.
		Similarly, it is the maximum distance in degrees of arc measured from a point on the surface of a planet directly below the satellite that the satellite may still be 'seen' from.
		The distance entered is automatically regarded in the calculations as a distance in AU if an stl warp efficiency is chosen, and a distance in light years if an ftl rate is picked.
	www.bumply.com /astro.html (1906 words)

	Orbit - InformationBlast
		The point where the orbiting body is closest to Earth is the perigee, called periapsis (less properly, "perifocus" or"pericentron") when the orbit is around a body other than Earth.
		Except for special cases like Lagrangian points, no method is known to solve the equations of motion for a system with four or more bodies.
		Apoapsis = semimajor axis × (1 + eccentricity) = largest distance
	www.informationblast.com /Elliptical_orbit.html (1813 words)

	Satellites (from Neptune) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These names, in order of increasing distance from Neptune, are Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, and Proteus.
		The satellite's mean distance from Neptune is 5,511,000 km (3,424,400 miles).
		At its aphelion, or greatest distance from the sun, it is about 4.53 billion miles (7.30 billion...
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?tocId=54303 (2131 words)

	Gravel - Calculate elliptical orbit speed at apoapsis and periapsis
		Va is the (relative) velocity at the apoapsis.
		M is the mass of the object being orbited (this is assumed to be far greater than the mass of the satellite).
		Ra is the maximum radius (apoapsis) of the satellite's orbit.
	www.rclsoftware.org.uk /gravel/orbits.html (181 words)

	Orbits and Properties of the Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The law of periods: The square of the period is proportional to the cube of the ellipse's major axis (the distance from apoapsis to periapsis).
		Because planetary orbits are close to circles, we characterize orbits by distance from the Sun and eccentricity.
		The Sun-Earth distance is the definition of the Astronomical Unit or AU.
	vathena.arc.nasa.gov /curric/space/planets/planorbi.html (315 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The periapsis and apoapsis distances would be the same.
		Apoapsis distance increases, periapsis decreases (depending where you are in the orbit).
		I thought that if you: increase your burn(prograde) at apoapsis then your periapsis will increase, decrease your burn(prograde) at apoapsis then your periapsis will decrease, increase your burn(prograde) at periapsis then your apoapsis will increase, decrease your burn(prograde) at periapsis then your apoapsis will decrease.
	www.orbitersim.com /v2/read.asp?id=23368 (1038 words)

	Space Science Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ho (E.P. Hubble; 1925) - The constant which determines the relationship between the distance to a galaxy and its velocity of recession due to the expansion of the Universe.
		A large distance often used in astronomy, it is equal to 3.26 light years, or 3.1 x 1018 cm (see scientific notation).
		The smallest distance from a planet or other body at which purely gravitational forces can hold together a satellite or secondary body of the same mean density as the primary; at less than this distance the tidal forces of the primary would break up the secondary.
	set.lanl.gov /programs/LASSO/Glossary.htm (7963 words)

	ScienceMaster - Physical Science - Glossary of Space Science Terms
		The geometric theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein, incorporating and extending the theory of special relativity to accelerated frames of reference and introducing the principle that gravitational and inertial forces are equivalent.
		The distance to an object which has a parallax of one arc second.
		The smallest distance from a planet or other body at which purely gravitational forces can hold together a satellite or secondary body of the same mean density as the primary.
	www.sciencemaster.com /physical/item/space_science_glossary.php (9464 words)

	Planet B (Nozomi)
		The primary scientific objective of Nozomi program is to study the Martian upper atmosphere with emphasis on its interaction with the solar wind.
		The orbit of the Nozomi spacecraft around Mars will be an elliptical one with periapsis altitude of 150 km and apoapsis distance of 15 Mars radii.
		The low periapsis altitude is chosen to probe the ionosphere as low as possible and relatively large apoapsis distance is to study the night side of Mars where detection of ionospheric ions is expected.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/planet-b.htm (486 words)

	Kepler's Laws
		At this location, the distance from the sun is 40 units and the velocity of the satelite at that point is 2.00 units.
		The eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as the ratio of the distance between the foci to the major axis.
		For orbit #1, what is the product of the distance at apoapsis times the velocity at apoapsis?
	www2.arnes.si /~gljsentvid10/kepler_kon.html (1016 words)

	[No title]
		Not an intrinsically spectacular sight, but for those familiar with the travails of previous generations of astronomers who observed - or were clouded out at - the previous 1639, 1761, 1769, 1874, and 1882 transits, the emotional connection to the dawn of quantitative science was profound.
		Observations of the transit were used to determine the distance from the Earth to the Sun, setting the fundamental scale for the cosmos.
		If you missed this week's transit, mark your calendars for the next one in 2012 - the one after that is not until 2117.
	www.planet4589.org /space/jsr/back/news.528 (546 words)

	Information Headquarters: Orbit
		Planetary Orbits In the elliptical orbit, the orbited object will sit at one focus; with nothing present at the other focus.
		Orbital period The period of an orbit is [P = \sqrt{\frac{4 \pi^2 r^3}{G \left(M_1 + M_2\right)}}] Where P is the orbital period, r is the distance between the bodies, M1 and M2 are the masses of the bodies, and G is the gravitational constant.
		Scaling In the case of gravity, scaling of distances (including sizes of bodies, while keeping the densities the same) gives similar orbits without scaling the time: if for example distances are halved, masses are divided by 8, gravitational forces by 16 and gravitational accelerations by 2.
	www.informationheadquarters.com /Universe/Earth/Orbit.shtml (1862 words)

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