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Topic: Apocalyptic literature

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	Apocalyptic literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apocalyptic literature was a new genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians.
		Apocalyptic exhortations are aimed at chastening and reforming their hearers with threats of punishment and rewards in the coming "end times." A brief apocalyptic vision is found in Gospel of Mark 13 is sometimes called the "Little Apocalypse" and parallel passages can be found in Matthew 24 and Luke 21.
		Apocalyptic poetry concentrates the character that Northrop Frye has found in the Bible as a whole: "a series of ecstatic moments or points of expanding apprehension—this approach is in fact the assumption on which every selection of a text for a sermon is based" (Frye 1957 p 326).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apocalyptic_literature (7444 words)

	Apocalypse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apocalyptic literature is of considerable importance in the history of the Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition, as beliefs such as the resurrection of the dead, judgment day, heaven and hell are all made explicit in it.
		Apocalyptic religious literature is regarded as a distinct branch of literature.
		In recent times the designation apocalyptic literature, or apocalyptic, has commonly been used to include all the various portions of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures, whether canonical or apocryphal, in which eschatological predictions are given in the form of a revelation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apocalypse (2239 words)

	SCTR 32 Research (Murphy, SCU)
		Development of apocalyptic features that are prevalent in the literature of the group; analysis of the social pressures undergirding the group/individual's apocalyptic perspective; comparison/contrast with one of the ancient texts we have studied this quarter (5—6 1/2 pgs).
		Development of apocalyptic features that are prevalent in the literature of the group or individual; analysis of the social pressures undergirding the group/individual's apocalyptic perspective; comparison/ contrast with one of the ancient texts we have studied this quarter (5—6 1/2 pgs).
		Development of apocalyptic features that are prevalent in the literature of the group; analysis of the social pressures and circumstances undergirding the group's apocalyptic perspective; comparison/contrast with one of the ancient texts we have studied this quarter (5—6 1/2 pgs).
	www-relg-studies.scu.edu /facstaff/murphy/courses/sctr032/research.htm (3222 words)

	Keith Hunt - Bible Basics #9
		Because this literature presents itself as an unveiling of heavenly secrets, it is known as apocalypse, from the Greek word meaning "a disclosure or revelation." Apocalyptic literature flourished for about 400 years, from 200 B.C. to A.D. 200, in both Jewish and Christian circles.
		Apocalyptic literature is a written message from the start, and its authors are more like theologians than prophets.
		The prophetic and the apocalyptic elements are rolled up together in the form of an epistle, as indicated by the book's opening and closing (1:47; 22:21).
	www.keithhunt.com /Basics9.html (2999 words)

	The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. I: Aachen - Basilians ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In its developed form apocalyptic literature originated in a period when a civilized power, the Hellenic, ruling the world by external might and inner mental superiority, entered upon a contest with Judaism, in which the latter, aroused to national consciousness, accepted the gage of battle.
		A consequence of the foregoing is the non-creative character of this literature; it followed closely the older literature of Israel, especially the idea of theophanies (Isa.
		The fantastic element in Jewish apocalyptic literature is not due to an excess of imagination in these authors, who were so poor in spirit; the impression of strangeness is due to the use of abnormal religious images.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc01.iii.i.apocalyptic_literature_jewish.html (1119 words)

	Apocalyptic Literature - Resources and Helps for Dr. Shirley's courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most apocalyptic literature is outside the Canon of Scripture, and was often written pseudonymously (the writer claiming to be some hero or patriarch of the Old Testament) and addressed to a select group or religious community (eg "the Apocalypse of Abraham, 1 and 2 Enoch, 2 and 3 Baruch)
		The main feature of apocalyptic literature is the revelation of secret visions and prophecies to the religious community, often citing angels as agents of the revelation, with a focus on eschatology (the End of Time) and the great Day of Judgement.
		Such literature was particularly popular at times of persecution, as a means of stressing that although evil seemed to be in the ascendancy in the world, there was actually another dimension, in the heavens, in which spiritual warfare was taking place, and which would eventually lead to victory and the vindication of the faithful minority.
	www.drshirley.org /helps/apoc.html (337 words)

	On David Ketterer's New Worlds for Old
		In particular, the key concept of "apocalyptic literature" seems to me vague in definition and rather too specific in its connotations; it does not even seem a useful approach to individual works, for it is more closely connected with the weaknesses than the strengths of the individual explications.
		Certainly, some of the tensions which I claim characterize apocalyptic literature may be found in examples of mimetic or fantastic literature but I cannot understand Professor Canary's implication that the totality of tensions which I describe, especially the peculiar relationship between the historical world and the fictional world, is common to all literature.
		Apocalyptic literature is not to be read in terms of the biblical Apocalypse; rather the biblical Apocalypse is to be read as a notable "Western" product of the apocalyptic imagination.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/backissues/6/ketterer6forum.htm (8150 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE, NEO-HEBRAIC: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Neo-Hebraic apocalyptic forms but one branch of Apocalyptic Literature, a species of literature exhibiting many ramifications, and represented in a complex but unbroken chain, from the time of the Maccabean War down to the close of the Middle Ages.
		In the Neo-Hebrew, as in the older Apocalyptic Literature, the eschatological drama is enacted not in one era, but in two: the temporary Messianic interim, and the everlasting kingdom of heavenly bliss—the latter offset by the everlasting torments of hell in store for the wicked.
		An apocalyptic fragment, in which R. Ishmael likewise figures as the author, is preserved in the "Siddur" of R. Amram Gaon (of the second half of the ninth century), 3b, 12b-13a.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1643&letter=A (9616 words)

	frontline: apocalypse!: primary sources: apocalyptic literature
		Apocalyptic thinking has been called "the child of prophecy in a new idiom." This idea aptly reflects both its origins out of the older prophetic tradition and its new elements.
		The full flowering of apocalyptic, however, required other elements, and chief among these were influences from first the Persian culture and then the Greek, in the period from the fifth to the third centuries BCE.
		Apocalyptic thinking was extremely influential in Jewish tradition between the second century BCE and third century CE; however, the disastrous failure of the lltwo revolts against Rome (in 70 and 135 CE, respectively) caused the radical political dimension of apocalyptic tradition to undergo some key changes.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/primary/white.html (551 words)

	Apocalyptic Literature
		The literature in question was not confined to the Jews.
		The literature and numerous opinions about the date may be seen in the Prolegomena to Hilgendeld’s Messias Judoeorum; the same work contains the different texts of it.
		It is not, however, apocalyptic in the proper acceptation of the epithet, because it wants the form.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/APO/apocalyptic-literature.html (6236 words)

	The Book of Revelation as Jewish apocalyptic literature
		The first great flowering of apocalyptic literature was in the mid-2nd-century B.C. crisis of Jewish faith under Antiochus Epiphanes when the apocalyptic was the literary vehicle of the Hasidic movement, which stood for national repentance, uncompromising opposition to hellenisation and eschatological faith in God's imminent intervention on behalf of His people (Bauckham, 1980, p.
		The apocalyptic writings are described as intended for "the wise among the people", embodying the ardent aspirations and the inmost hopes of those who longed for the "consolation of Israel", as they understood it (Edersheim, 1993, p.
		The apocalyptic work then sought to communicate a disclosure of a transcendent perspective on this world - usually this was achieved by a seer being taken in vision to God's throne room in heaven to learn the secrets of the divine purpose.
	www.geocities.com /davidmwilliams/ntb519c.html (2161 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 37, No. 2 - July 1980 - BOOK REVIEW - New Apocalyptic: Ancient and Modern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Indicating the worthlessness of Hal Lindsey's treatments of biblical apocalyptic, he emphasizes that this literature is enjoying a renewed value and vitality today, in the hands of competent interpreters like Wolfhart Pannenberg and Jürgen Moltmann and in some Latin American theologians of liberation.
		Apocalyptic thought can too easily be domesticated within the essential frame of reference of Christian theology because of its "universalism" as over against the particularistic outlook of biblical prophecy (Pannenberg).
		It clearly indicates the continuing value of the apocalyptic literature found in the canon of the Bible and outside.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /jul1980/v37-2-bookreview2.htm (328 words)

	Rel 101: Understanding the Bible: Apocalyptic Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This type of literature is most readily recognized in the Book of Daniel in The Old Testament and The Revelation to John in the New Testament.
		Apocalyptic in the New Testament apart from the Revelation to John.
		This and #6 indicate apocalyptic literature to be produced during a time of crisis when encouragement and secrecy were needed.
	www.westminster.edu /staff/brennie/apocalyp.htm (234 words)

	APOCALYPTIC DEFINED
		The term apocalypse is a term (noun) that identifies the type of genre the literature is. Apocalypticism is the religious ideology and/or the social construct that lies behind a given apocalypse.
		An apocalypse is a genre of revelatory literature with a narrative framework in which a revelation is mediated by an otherworldly being to a human recipient, disclosing a transcendent reality which is both temporal, insofar as it envisages eschatological salvation, and spatial, insofar as it involves another, supernatural world.
		The first is that there are certain distinctive characteristics of apocalyptic literature, though it is not necessary for every feature to be present in a given work in order for it to maintain its classification as an apocalypse.
	faculty.bbc.edu /rdecker/phd/depriest/1defined.html (1847 words)

	Bible Dictionary: Apocalyptic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Apocalyptic literature expresses such a viewpoint in a distinctive genre which is usually visionary and often involves angelic intermediaries.
		This literature has a tendency towards dualism (placing another enemy power - the devil - alongside God) this is seen particularly in examples from Jewish and Christian tradition outside the biblical canon.
		The definition of what characteristics exactly make writing "apocalyptic" is much debated, however "Revelation" is a fairly clear example in the Bible and Daniel is often cited too (as well as chapters from other books of both Hebrew and Greek Bibles).
	www.bible.gen.nz /amos/culture/apocalyptic.htm (134 words)

	3. Apocalyptic Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As we begin to study apocalyptic literature in its various dimensions it is important to define some basic concepts.
		It is now generally recognized that all literature is significantly shaped by the historical and sociological characteristics of the authoring community.
		Apocalyptic eschatology is more supernatural in that God breaks into history in cataclysmic ways to realize his goal.
	www.hope.edu /bandstra/RTOT/PART3/PT3_3.HTM (461 words)

	Results in
		In the secular apocalyptic visions that have proliferated wildly in the last 200 years, the world has been destroyed by nuclear wars, alien invasions, climatic changes, social upheavals, meteor strikes, and technological shutdowns.
		The end result of apocalyptic purification often seems of less importance than the narrative pleasure derived from the bizarre and opulent tribulations of the bodies being burnt by fire and brimstone, tormented by scorpion stings, trodden like grapes in the winepress.
		In this interplay between the incorporeal purity of the ends and the violent corporeality of the means the apocalyptic body is born.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0403/is_4_46/ai_75141042 (342 words)

	Your Page
		All three of these components are present in a truly apocalyptic group, and serve to mold it together into a possibly (though not necessarily) destructive organism, to which the outside world is an enemy to be conquered and dominated.
		If apocalyptic tendencies are latent in a group or faith, and the tendencies begin to appear, then they are gradually going to influence everyone, whether consciously or not.
		Hamas in the West Bank and Gaza is clearly an apocalyptic group, as is easily ascertained by the pamphlets and other literature it puts out, and its ideologists regularly use apocalyptic motifs in the propaganda war against the PLO and Israel.
	www.mille.org /scholarship/papers/cookabs.html (2113 words)

	Smith
		These apocalyptic beliefs and the possible scenarios imagined by those who saw this possible future were once again reflected in the literature of the time period.
		But the interest heightens when it is noted that both science fiction and apocalyptic are considered to be marginal; that is, they exist on the margin of respectable fields of study: literature and theology.
		This knowledge of the the possibility of a terrible destruction at any moment was part of the reason that the new apocalyptic literature (in the form of speculative fiction) gained in popularity at this time.
	ebbs.english.vt.edu /20th/etudes/smith/smith.term.html (2068 words)

	Apocalypse of Sedrach
		"Apocalyptic" is another word that is to a large degree a scholarly construct used to describe an elusive social and literary phenomenon in the ancient world.
		And Margaret Barker has argued that apocalyptic comes from the royal cult of the Davidic dynasty (celebrated in the Jerusalem temple) after these royal traditions lost their original Sitz im Leben when the temple was destroyed.
		At this stage in the study of apocalyptic it is probably most sensible to use something of a "toolbox" approach, drawing on sociological theory, parallels with prophecy or sapiential or royal traditions, and literary criticism as they show themselves useful for given problems or texts.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~www_sd/apocsed.html (1235 words)

	Catalyst: Contemporary Evangelical Perspectives
		It is also a literature for good times, though we who sit contentedly in our armchairs are at risk when we receive the message that God will not be mocked.
		Apocalyptic good news for the poor may be bad news for the rich and self-satisfied who, having not been left behind by the goodies of this world, quite naturally assume that they shall be heirs of good things in the next.
		Apocalyptic literature has the courage to assert that there is much good that needs doing in the world which is quite beyond our capacity.
	catalystresources.org /issues/294willimon.html (1484 words)

	B461 -- Apocalyptic Literature: Introduction
		What we call "apocalyptic" is a style of literature which appears on the scene of early Judaism at the beginning of the third century before the common era.
		Other scholars (notably Gerhard von Rad) suggest that apocalyptic literature arose as a response to the failure of wisdom to meet the challenge of the Maccabean crisis.
		Both of these approaches to the study of apocalyptic (from prophetic roots and from wisdom roots) attempt to draw a line of continuity from Israel's past to its present life in crisis.
	www.theology.edu /apoc2.htm (394 words)

	HISTORICAL ROOTS OF APOCALYPTIC
		It must not be thought that the apocalyptic literature of this period arose spontaneously without antecedent events and historical development.
		It was a literature answering to its time--and the time was bleak from a theological perspective, not to mention politically and economically.
		That apocalyptic literature emerged as a result of socio-political crisis is valid.
	faculty.bbc.edu /rdecker/phd/depriest/1roots.html (1714 words)

	Review of S. L. Cook, The Apocryphal Literature
		Specifically he objects to interpretive stances that he thinks "spiritualize" apocalyptic literature by refusing to take seriously its cosmic overtones and that treat them as merely metaphors.
		He advocates instead a "new" literalist approach that takes seriously the canonical context of biblical apocalypses, particularly the biblical texts on which apocalyptic literature draws; the theology of apocalypses; and the "liberationist" leanings of apocalypses that portray salvation in "social and political terms rather than individualistic and spiritual terms" (p.
		Many scholars researching apocalyptic literature would agree, but some at least would mention that the real issue is whether groups perceive themselves as relatively deprived, not whether others in their society would agree.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/reviews/review122.htm (915 words)

	Apocalyptic Literature Introduction (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		Both in matter and form apocalyptic literal and the writings associated with it differ from the prophetic writings of the preceding periods.
		If we had a full and clear history of the period during which they were written, and if its literature had to a great extent been preserved to us we might have been in a position to fix on the individual; but as matters stand, this is impossible.
		This may be seen in the apocalyptic writings: there are some that present all the marks of Apocalypses, such as the Book of Enoch, the Assumption of Moses and the Apocalypse of Baruch.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/604 (2967 words)

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