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	Apollo 8 Mission Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The primary purpose of the Apollo 8 mission was to further progress toward the goal of landing humans on the Moon by gaining operational experience and testing the Apollo systems.
		The Apollo 8 photography complements the extensive coverage of Lunar Orbiter.
		The photographic equipment and materials carried by Apollo 8 were designed specifically to achieve the principal photographic objectives, which were to obtain (1) vertical and oblique overlapping, or stereo strip, photographs during at least two revolutions, (2) photographs of specified targets of opportunity, and (3) photographs of a potential landing site through the spacecraft sextant.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/Apollo8/A08_Photography.html (744 words)

	Apollo 8 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apollo 8 was the second manned mission of the Apollo space program, in which Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans to leave Earth orbit and to orbit around the Moon.
		The Apollo 8 spacecraft was placed on top of the rocket on September 21 and the rocket made the slow 3-mile (5 km) journey to the launch pad on October 9.
		Apollo 8 was propelled from an Earth parking orbit velocity of 25,567 ft/s (7793 m/s) to a translunar trajectory velocity of 35,505 ft/s (10,822 m/s).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apollo_8 (6717 words)

	Precursors to the Landing Missions
		At three month intervals, Apollo crews made great strides along the road to the lunar surface and it was a combination of determination, plentiful resources for design and testing, and also a good measure of luck that made it all possible.
		The Apollo team did its best to make sure that equipment and procedures would work the first time they were tried in flight; and the successes of the unmanned test series and of Apollo 7 and Apollo 8 continued unabated into the final year of the decade.
		The crew of Apollo 9 demonstrated the readiness of all of the major components of Apollo; however, the margins for error in the first landing mission were very tight and, once again, it was a weight problem with the LM that forced a change of plans.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/apopre.htm (3338 words)

	Apollo 8 - First Voyage Around the Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Their Saturn V rocket with the Apollo 8 spacecraft on top can be seen emerging from the VAB on its way to the launch pad.
		The Apollo 8 mission had been structured with three commit points: the launch itself, the parking orbit around earth, and the translunar coast preceding the point where the spacecraft was due to brake into lunar orbit.
		Preparatory to re-entry, the service module was cast off and the Apollo spacecraft turned blunt end forward to position the heat shield where it could cope with the temperatures of 5,000° F (2760° C) that high-speed passage through the atmosphere generates.
	home.flash.net /~imagine5/apollo/A8JPG/A8Mission.html (1625 words)

	Manned Space Chronology: Apollo 8
		Indeed, Apollo 8 successfully marked the world's first manned flight to and manned orbit of the Moon and featured the first manned launch of the Saturn V launch vehicle in the first manned launch from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, which now supports Space Shuttle launches.
		As was the case for Apollo 7, a Lunar Module (LM) was not flown during this mission.
		Apollo 8 passed ahead of the Moon at a distance of about 71 miles at a speed of 5,720 m.p.h.
	www.spaceline.org /flightchron/apollo8.html (638 words)

	Apollo 8 - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Collins was replaced by his backup Jim Lovell, in July 1968, after Collins had to have surgery as he was suffering cervical intervertebral disc herniation — an intervertebral disc had slipped into the spinal cavity and required two vertebrae to be fused together.
		The Apollo 8 spacecraft was placed on top of the rocket on September 21 and the rocket made the slow 3-mile (5 km) journey to the launch pad on 9 October.
		Yet over all these other events, TIME magazine chose the crew of Apollo 8 as their Men of the Year for 1968, recognizing them as the people that most influenced events in the preceding year.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/p/o/Apollo_8.html (6563 words)

	Spaceflight :Project Apollo
		Apollos 9 and 10 were launched in early 1969 to test equipment and practice procedures for the lunar mission.
		Apollo 10 astronauts Thomas Stafford, John Young and Eugene Cernan flew a “dress rehearsal” of the first lunar landing mission, with Stafford and Cernan descending to within 50,000 feet (14,240 meters) of the Moon's surface.
		Apollo 13 suffered a catastrophic explosion in a Service Module oxygen tank at about the midpoint of its lunar journey on April 13, 1970, but the three astronauts, James Lovell, Fred W. Haise, and John L. Swigert, safely returned to Earth through the heroic efforts of their ground support team in Houston.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/apollo/SP19.htm (1915 words)

	The Earthrise Photograph
		Apollo 8 was the mission which put humans into lunar orbit for the very first time.
		Virtually all of the photographs scheduled for the Apollo 8 mission were to do with capturing high resolution images of the lunar surface - both of the far side and of potential landing sites on the near side.
		As Apollo 8 emerged from the far side on its fourth orbit, crew commander Frank Borman rolled the spacecraft so as to position its antennas for radio contact with mission control.
	www.abc.net.au /science/moon/earthrise.htm (622 words)

	Exploring the Moon: Apollo 8 Mission
		The Apollo 8 mission was the eighth in a series of flights using Apollo-specification hardware, the second manned flight of a block II spacecraft, and the first manned flight using a Saturn launch vehicle.
		The Apollo 8 spacecraft was similar in configuration to the Apollo 7 spacecraft.
		Apollo 8, the first flight to take men to the vicinity of the Moon, was a bold step forward in the development of a lunar landing capability.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/Apollo8/Apollo8.html (605 words)

	Apollo 8
		Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips ordered that the Saturn IB program be placed in a standby status pending any future requirements for Apollo or the Apollo Applications program.
		At the November 10 Apollo Executive meeting Phillips presented a summary of the activities; James gave the launch vehicle status; Low reported on the spacecraft status and said he was impressed with the way KSC had handled its tight checkout schedule; Slayton reported on the flight plan; and Petrone on checkout readiness.
		Payload: Apollo CSM 103 / LTA-B / S-IVB-503N.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/apollo8.htm (10155 words)

	SPACE.com -- The Making of 'Race to the Moon': Apollo 8 Documentary Producer Tells All
		When my producing partner Mike Hill was doing research for a film on Apollo 11 in the early 90s, he kept hearing the same thing from NASA veterans and others in the space community: "For us, Apollo 8 was the mission.
		I don't like to apply the term hero to people who are simply doing their jobs, but in the case of Apollo 8 there were choices made and risks taken that move the venture into the realm of the heroic.
		Apollo 8 was a shared moment of exploration that forever altered the way we see ourselves and instilled a sense of confidence that resonates today.
	www.space.com /adastra/adastra_apollo_8_051020.html (787 words)

	Apollo 8 – by Hamish Lindsay
		Apollo 8 was the first time the three big 26 metre stations of the MSFN were called on for what they were designed for, tracking manned spacecraft at the Moon.
		As soon as Apollo 8 was on its way the spurs were back so there was a high level decision to pull the feedcone apart and smooth and coat all the flanges, as we didn’t want to compromise the mission, so this day, Sunday, Honeysuckle USB went “Red cannot support” for a couple of days.
		Apollo 8 is now in lunar orbit.”; There was a relieved cheer from the Flight Controllers in Mission Control while Bob Gilruth and Chris Kraft, the two leaders, were choked up with emotion as they shook hands.
	honeysucklecreek.net /msfn_missions/Apollo_8_mission/hl_apollo8.html (6966 words)

	CNN - Apollo 8 astronauts look back 30 years after historic flight - December 20, 1998
		Apollo 8 lessons also helped Lovell handle near-tragedy on Apollo 13 in 1970.
		Beforehand the Apollo 8 crew met aviation pioneer Charles Lindbergh.
		Of all the accomplishments of Apollo 8, the one Borman recalls most fondly is what the mission did for a nation and world in serious need of good news.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9812/20/apollo.anniv/index.html (614 words)

	APOD: 2005 December 24 - Earthrise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Apollo 8 crew flew from the Earth to the Moon and back again.
		William Anders were launched atop a Saturn V rocket on December 21, circled the Moon ten times in their command module, and returned to Earth on December 27.
		As the Apollo 8 command module rounded the farside of the Moon, the crew could look toward the lunar horizon and see the Earth appear to rise, due to their spacecraft's orbital motion.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap051224.html (154 words)

	Apollo 8
		Originally planned as another Earth orbiting mission like Apollo 7, Apollo 8's objectives were changed due to pressure of beating the Soviet Union in the race to the Moon.
		Powered by the Saturn V rocket, later used by Apollo 11, Apollo 8 was launched on Dec. 21, 1968 as the first manned lunar mission.
		Apollo 8 provided astronauts with more experience in space travel, and brought us one step closer to the Apollo program's goal of safely landing humans on the Moon.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/apollo8.html&text=t (247 words)

	Where No Man Has Gone Before, Appendix 6
		Apollo 14 was his first assignment; he later served as backup command module pilot for Apollo 16 and Apollo 17.
		Apollo 14 was his first and only Apollo assignment; he later participated in the approach and landing tests and the orbital flight tests of the Space Shuttle Orbiter.
		Apollo 14 was his first crew assignment; later served as command module pilot for Apollo 17 and backup command module pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
	www.apolloexplorer.co.uk /books/sp-4214/app6.html (2963 words)

	The Flight of Apollo 8 - Associated Content
		The lunar orbital mission, designated Apollo 8, was scheduled for late December of 1968.
		The crew of Apollo 8 consisted of two space flight veterans, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell, who had already flown together on Gemini 7, and a rookie pilot Bill Anders.
		Apollo 8 was the second manned Apollo mission and the first to orbit the Moon.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/15833/the_flight_of_apollo_8.html (574 words)

	Apollo 8 - Free English Encyclopedia from Turkcebilgi
		In his 1994 book, Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (later re-titled Apollo 13 when the movie based on it, [Apollo 13 came out), Lovell wrote, andquot;My training [on Apollo 8] came in handy!andquot; In that book he dismissed the incident as a 'planned experiment', requested by the ground crew.
		The effect of Apollo 8 can be summed up by a [telegram from a stranger, received by Borman after the mission, that simply stated, andquot;Thank you Apollo 8.
		As a note, astronaut Michael Collins, who flew aboard the Gemini 10 mission, was originally slated to fly aboard Apollo 8 as Command Module pilot.
	www.turkcebilgi.com /ansiklopedi/english/Apollo_8 (6616 words)

	The Apollo Society - ASA#1 Shoot Moon
		Apollo 9, launched March 3, 1969, was the first flight test Saturn V/Apollo Spacecraft in full lunar mission configuration.
		Apollo 10, launched on May 18, 1969, was a full dress rehearsal of the landing mission and also a reconnaisance mission in which potential landing sites were reconnoitered.
		The Apollo Society is a non-profit educational and scientific research organization dedicated to the advancement of space exploration and the establishment of human communities beyond Earth.
	www.apollo-society.org /shootmoon.html (957 words)

	Apollo 8 Heatshield Presentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Apollo 8 was the first mission to take humans to the Moon.
		This Spaceflori 8" x 10" presentation displays a segment of flown heatshield from Apollo 8.
		The source of the heatshield used to create this presentation was a larger block formerly encased in lucite and given to NASA workers and VIPs as a recognition of their work in the Apollo program.
	www.countdowncreations.com /flownap8p.htm (113 words)

	Apollo 8 quiz -- free game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Apollo 8 was the first manned launch of the Saturn V. True
		On Christmas Eve, while orbiting the moon, the crew of Apollo 8 read from the book of Genesis.
		The crew of Apollo 8 was named "Time" Magazine's Men of the Year for 1968.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=154151 (162 words)

	Apollo 8 Flight Journal - Index Page
		Like the Surface Journal, it is intended to be a resource for all those interested in the Apollo flights to the Moon, whether in a passing or scholarly capacity.
		This journal covers the flight of Apollo 8, eventually covering from launch to splashdown.
		Unauthorized commercial use of the Apollo Flight Journal is prohibited; and the commercial use of the name or likeness of any of the astronauts without his express permission is prohibited.
	history.nasa.gov /ap08fj (334 words)

	Apollo 8
		The primary mission objectives for Apollo 8 was to demonstrate crew and space vehicle support facilities during a manned mission to the Moon, as well as demonstrate translunar injection, Command Service Module navigation, and communication and midcourse corrections.
		His last mission was Apollo 8, retiring from NASA in 1969.
		He flew on Apollo 8 and later Apollo 13, the near-disaster that almost cost Lovell and the rest of the crew’s lives.
	members.tripod.com /~spacefirst/apollo8.html (778 words)

	Apollo 8 - Media
		All images and sounds are original source material featuring the actual crew of Apollo 8 as they journey to the Moon and back.
		Apollo 8 skims over the moon's surface to see the Earth rise on the horizon.
		Apollo 8 returns to Earth as a glowing fireball to be picked up in the Pacific Ocean.
	sln.fi.edu /pieces/hiley/Bravenew.htm (136 words)

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