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Soyuz spacecraft - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In the Command Module of the Apollo spacecraft there were 6 cubic metres of living space for a mass of 5000 kg; the Soyuz provided the same crew with 9 cubic meters of living space, an airlock, and the service module for the mass of the Apollo capsule alone. The Soyuz ASTP spacecraft was designed for use during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project. Apollo 8 won the race to circle the moon and the goal was scrapped, along with the two remaining 7K-L1s. www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Soyuz_spacecraft

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Soyuz 19 spacecraft as seen from Apollo CM The docking was made possible by a specially-built adapter that was carried into orbit with the Apollo craft and took place on July 17, 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was the first joint flight of the US and Soviet space programs. The only serious problem that arose was due to the Apollo crew making a mistake during their preparations for re-entry that resulted in a very rough landing and the capsule filling with noxious fumes. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apollo-Soyuz_Test_Project

MSN Encarta - Apollo Program Apollo 14, the third mission to land on the moon, was launched on January 31, 1971. Apollo 17 was the third extended scientific exploration of the moon and the final mission of the formal Apollo program. Apollo 13 was launched on April 11, 1970, as the third planned lunar landing mission. encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564360_4/Apollo_Program.html

Apollo (ASTP) Apollo and Soyuz modify their orbits in preparation for the docking in space planned for the next day. Apollo's orbit was circularised at 167.4 by 164.7 kilometres at 6:35. Soyuz 19 initial orbital parameters were 220.8 by 185.07 kilometres, at the desired inclination of 51.80°, while the period of the first orbit was 88.6 minutes. www.astronautix.com /flights/apooastp.htm

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Soyuz 19 landed in Russia on Jul. 21 while the Apollo craft remained in space another three days to conduct more on-orbit experiments. The Soyuz 19 spacecraft was launched about seven hours ahead of the Apollo ASTP. National pride also came into play: Americans referred to the mission as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Soviets as the Soyuz-Apollo Test Project. www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/Apollo-Soyuz.html

page4.html Apollo 8 tested the command module in lunar orbit, Apollo 9 tested the command and lunar modules in Earth orbit, and Apollo 10 teasted both spacecrafts in lunar orbit. Apollo 13's moon landing was aborted due to an oxygen tank explosion, but the astronauts were safely recovered. The first manned mission, Apollo 7, launched on October 11th, although only orbiting the Earth, was a huge success and it brought NASA one step closer to the moon. coe.fgcu.edu /students/Dvorak/page4.html

Apollo 10 Mission Overview He was back-up pilot for Gemini 3, pilot for Gemini 6, command pilot for Gemini 9 upon the death of a primary crew member, back-up commander for Apollo 7, commander of Apollo 10, and commander of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Apollo 10 was a “dress rehearsal” for the landing missions that would follow and as such, it was a fully configured spacecraft. He was the pilot of Gemini 9, back-up pilot for Gemini 12, back-up lunar module pilot for Apollo 7, lunar module pilot on Apollo 10, and back-up commander for Apollo 14. www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/Apollo10/A10_Overview.html

JSC Celebrates 40 Years Soyuz 19 returned to Earth on July 21 and the Apollo crew remained in orbit until splashdown on July 24. The leaders specifically approved the Apollo-Soyuz flight being planned and they agreed on a 1975 launch. The final mission of the Apollo era, in July 1975, was the first in which spacecraft from two nations rendezvoused and docked in orbit. www.jsc.nasa.gov /history/jsc40/jsc40_pg15.htm

The Apollo Program Apollo Lunar Surface Journal: An excellent site containing the transcripts of all the transmissions between Earth and the Moon while the astronauts were on the surface. On the Moon with Apollo 16: A Guidebook to the Descartes Region: This guidebook contains many photographs and diagrams of the Descartes region and the equipment used on Apollo 16 for research and exploration and also explains the importance of scientific research in the region. Apollo Command Module Earth Entry: Dedicated to one of the most critical phases of the Apollo landing, the Earth re-entry. history.nasa.gov /apollo.html

Spaceflight :The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Apollo Commander, Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (in foreground) and Soyuz Commander, Cosmonaut Alexei A. Leonov make their historic handshake in space during the joint Russian/American docking mission known as the ASTP, or Apollo Soyuz Test Project. Since the Apollo and Soyuz were vastly different spacecraft with incompatible docking systems, American and Soviet planners decided designed and built an interface known as the Docking Module. The ASTP Soyuz was known as the 7K-M and was equipped with new solar panels and modified controls. www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/ASTP/SP24.htm

class14.html To fill the void between Apollo 17 (Dec. '72), and the first flights of the Space Shuttle (April, '81) two projects were carried out to insure a US presence in space: the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project ("ASTP"), and Skylab. The entire Apollo project was meant to have had ten visits to the lunar surface, but after Apollo 17, the other missions were scrubbed. With the cancellation of the remaining Apollo lunar missions, a much-improved design resulted because a surplus Saturn V was now available to lift the space station to orbit. ganymede.nmsu.edu /tharriso/class14.html

Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Apollo-Soyuz Flight Details Soyuz was the passive target for docking by the Apollo spacecraft. Soyuz and Apollo remained docked for 2 days. Mission Highlights: This flight was the Soviet half of the joint Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). www.sandcastlevi.com /space/astp-00.htm

astp2.word Together, the Apollo capsule and the Docking Module were mounted atop the Saturn IB for launch, weighing 14,900 kilograms and having 12.9 meters of length. Soyuz was launched by a booster that had been a mainstay of the Soviet manned space program for years. The Soyuz spacecraft was also based on third generation technology; the first two being the Vostok and the Voskhod. www.tsgc.utexas.edu /archive/fulltext/astp2.word

Was the Soyuz Design Stolen? However developers of the Soyuz recall that it was preceded by the Sever, which had the same size re-entry capsule 'but was 50% larger' (presumably by volume, meaning its dimensions were only 15% greater). In 1962 the classic Soyuz 'headlight' configuration was selected: a hemispherical forebody transition in a barely conical (7 degree) section to the section-of-a-sphere heat shield. For the Soyuz A the original mass on earth orbit injection was 5,880 kg. www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/articles/wastolen.htm

Apollo-Soyuz, Jupiter51.com Apollo then maneuvered to rendezvous and docking 52 hours after the Soyuz launch. The Apollo and Soyuz crews conducted a variety of experiments over a two-day period. The Soyuz was launched just over seven hours prior to the launch of the Apollo CSM. www.calgarycoin.com /jupiter51/apollo-soyuz.htm

Remote Sensing Tutorial Page 12-3 In 1975, the last Apollo spacecraft (once destined to be on Apollo 18 to the Moon) was placed in orbit for a docking test with the (fully cooperating) Soviet Soyuz space station. The very last Apollo mission was flown in 1975, involving the first link-up with a former Soviet Soyuz spacecraft (Shepard and Slayton, 1994) *. In 1973, even as the lunar exploration phase of the Apollo program was winding down, the U.S. launched its first space station, Skylab, a large Earth-orbiting module that was actually the top or front stage of a Saturn V rocket. rst.gsfc.nasa.gov /Sect12/Sect12_3.html

COMPARISON OF APOLLO AND SOYUZ PYROTECHNIC INITIATORS From "annual report to the nasa administrator by the aerospace safety advisory panel," part I - apollo soyuz test project, section 2 - summary of information developed in the panel's fact-finding activities. www.klabs.org /DEI/References/pyros/soyuz_vs_apollo_pyros

MSFC-01223 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Configuration The ASTP was the first international docking of the U.S.'s Apollo spacecraft and the U.S.S.R.'s Soyuz spacecraft in space. This system entailed developing a large habitable Docking Module (DM) to be carried on the Apollo spacecraft to facilitate the joining of two dissimilar spacecraft. The Marshall Space Flight Center was responsible for development and sustaining engineering of the Saturn IB launch vehicle during the mission. mix.msfc.nasa.gov /ABSTRACTS/MSFC-0101489.html

The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project The Soyuz 19 spacecraft was on its 35th orbit, while the Apollo spacecraft was on its 29th orbit. Naturally, the Soviets referred to it as the Soyuz-Apollo Test Project. Soyuz 19 landed in Russia at 6:48 p.m. spaceline.org /astp.html

The Launchpad -- Skylab & Apollo-Soyuz Test Project An Apollo and a Soyuz spacecraft docked in orbit. The Apollo spacecraft was used to ferry astronauts to Skylab. After the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, all further moon missions were cancelled. web.utk.edu /~mkirkham/nasa/apolx.html

Arts-Letters.com SpaceAge - Apollo Soyuz Test Program Because the Apollo spacecraft was more maneuverable, the Soyuz remained stationary while the Apollo docked with it. On July 16, 1975, the Apollo spacecraft had set out to chase and to overtake the Soyuz spacecraft. Houston time that Stafford called out, "Contact." On July 17, 1975, the Apollo crew opened the hatch that led to the Soyuz module. www.arts-letters.com /SPACEAGE/astp.html

ABC News: Historic Apollo-Soyuz Flight Recalled The July 17-19, 1975, docking of the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft the first international space mission was intended to test a new docking system that would allow U.S. and Soviet space vehicles to link up to provide rescue in case of emergency. Brand, who manned the Apollo capsule along with Thomas Stafford and the late Donald K. "Deke" Slayton, said that along with the technical goals, their flight had a sizable political task: "To open the door a little bit between East and West, to draw two space programs together." Sitting next to him, Alexei Leonov, who captained the Soyuz capsule during the 1975 rendezvous, knocked on the wooden table for luck. abcnews.go.com /Technology/wireStory?id=978644

Apollo-Soyuz Crew The trees behind the marker were planted by the Apollo-Soyuz crews as a gesture of friendship. gift from Apollo commander Thomas P. Stafford, a granite marker outside the west end of the Museum commemorates the Apollo-Soyuz mission. Beside the printed instructions (in Russian) for the docking maneuvers, he jotted a reminder of some English words of welcome to Apollo commander Thomas Stafford. www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/gal114/SpaceRace/sec500/sec521.htm

Lovaura.com Space Memorabilia - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Apollo carried a docking module designed to fit Soyuz at one end and Apollo at the other, with an airlock chamber in between. They all have a face value of 12K and depict one of two designs; (1) The docking of Apollo and Soyuz in Earth orbit, (2) Apollo and Soyuz orbiting the Earth docked together. These are the official Soviet Apollo-Soyuz postal stamps issued in 1975 to commemorate the first ever joint space mission and docking between the United States and the Soviet Union. www.lovaura.com /astp.htm

APOLLO - SOYUZ CREW - EPHEMERA UNSIGNED This piece of Kapton orbited the earth from July 15-24, 1975 as part of the Apollo spacecraft involved in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project." Fine condition. Mounted on 5½x8½ card with the following description, in part: "The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, known as ASTP, was a joint space mission between the United States and the Soviet Union...Covering much of the Apollo spacecraft was a very thin protective film known as Kapton. The attached fragment is a piece of Kapton removed from the Apollo command module crew compartment heat shield. www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/12_2003/aviation_space/APOLLO1.htm

Sunbirds.com: Soyuz Touchdown On Earth - Apollo Soyuz Hookup - Russian Lacquer item Apollo and Soyuz hooked up in 1975 amidst an international frenzy. This stamped envelope shows this event and the Soyuz touchdown back on earth, in the stamp and the design. While the US and the USSR had all their missles pointed at one another, this showed that politicians were idiots and it is simple folk like the ones in these space vehicles that should be the example for children around the world. www.sunbirds.com /lacquer/box/994417

CultTVman: Annette Bannasch's Apollo Soyuz Apollo Soyuz is from REVELL that I got a long time ago. I painted the Soyuz not like it was actually in orbit but is in a museum. After so many years I started again to work on the model kit and here is the result. www.culttvman.com /annette_bannasch_s_apollo_soyu.html

HP-65 in space with Apollo-Soyuz Twenty-four minutes before the rendezvous in space, when the Apollo and Soyuz were 12 miles apart, the American astronauts corrected their course to place their spacecraft into the same orbit as the Russian craft. Periodically throughout their joint mission, the Apollo astronauts also used the HP-65 to calculate how to point a high-gain antenna precisely at an orbiting satellite to assure the best possible ground communications. In both cases, the Apollo astronauts made the course-correction calculations on their HP-65. www.hpmuseum.org /adverts/sa65spc.htm

CNN.com - Space - Apollo-Soyuz: a giant leap in cooperation - July 17, 2000 On July 17, 1975, Apollo crewmember Thomas Stafford warmly greeted his Soyuz counterpart Alexei Leonov, soon after their spacecraft docked for the first joint space flight. Surviving Apollo and Soyuz crewmates joined together last week in Russia to celebrate the anniversary. The fifth member, Apollo crewmember Donald Slayton, died in 1993. archives.cnn.com /2000/TECH/space/07/17/apollo.soyuz

The Apollo Training Team We are proud to have been a small part of the team of dedicated scientists, engineers, technicians, and other personnel of administrative and support disciplines, who worked together for the success of the Apollo program. Favorite Apollo mission web links are listed to aid in your research of program information. The official patch for each manned Apollo mission is included. apollotrainingteam.com

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