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Topic: Aponeurosis

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Linea alba

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Pectoralis major muscle

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Pectoralis minor muscle

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	CHAPTER 25: ABDOMINAL WALLS
		The aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle divides into anterior and posterior layers, which pass, respectively, in front of and behind the rectus muscle to reach the linea alba.
		The anterior sheath is comprised of the aponeurosis of the external oblique and an anterior layer of the aponeurosis of internal oblique; the posterior sheath of the posterior layer of the internal oblique and the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle.
		Each abdominal aponeurosis is said to be bilaminar, and the six layers of each side are oblique and cross the median plane in a common area of decussation, namely the linea alba.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_5/chapter_25.html (3417 words)

	Chapter 11: THE HAND
		The palmar aponeurosis is a strong, triangular membrane overlying the tendons in the palm (fig.
		The aponeurosis continues distally as four slips (pretendinous bands), which overlie the flexor tendons of the medial four fingers.
		The central compartment is bounded (1) on the anterior side by the deep aspect of the palmar aponeurosis, (2) on the posterior aspect by a fat pad on the interosseous fascia and by the fascia anterior to the adductor pollicis muscle, and (3) on the sides by the fascia covering the thenar and hypothenar muscles.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_2/chapter_11.html (4715 words)

	Bicipital aponeurosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bicipital aponeurosis (also known as lacertus fibrosus) is a broad aponeurosis that stems from the distal (insertion) tendon of the biceps brachii.
		While the tendon of the biceps inserts on the radius, the aponeurosis stretches from the medial side of the biceps tendon and passes obliquely downward and medially across the brachial artery.
		The bicipital aponeurosis reinforces the ceiling of the cubital fossa, and helps to protect the brachial artery and the median nerve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lacertus_fibrosus (192 words)

	The Abdominal Wall
		At this insertion the aponeurosis is fused with the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle to form the conjoint tendon.
		The vas deferens, testicular artery and veins, lymph vessels, autonomic nerves, cremasteric artery, artery of the vas and the genital branch of the femoral nerve are covered by three layers of fascia derived from the abdominal wall.
		The fascial covering of the spermatic cord is formed by the external spermatic fascia derved from the aponeurosis of the external oblique, the cremasteric fascia derived from the internal oblique and the internal spermatic fascia derived from the transversalis fascia.
	www.med.mun.ca /anatomyts/digest/abwall.htm (1239 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		After detaching the abductor hallucis on the medial side of the plantar aponeurosis, progressive dissection of the plantar surface of the aponeurosis from the aponeurotic tissue to the postero-medial tubercle of the calcaneus was made.
		In 115 cases freeing of the plantar aponeurosis was performed with removal of the heel spur, whereas in 11 cases, the heel spur was left intouched.
		We prefer freeing the plantar aponeurosis with excision of the abnormal areas in order to remove the scar tissue witch may be at the origin of the pain.
	www.afcp.com.fr /Jarde/fasciectomy.htm (4233 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 376
		Where the muscular fibers are in a direct line with those of the tendon or aponeurosis, the two are directly continuous.
		But where the muscular fibers join the tendon or aponeurosis at an oblique angle, they end, according to Kölliker, in rounded extremities which are received into corresponding depressions on the surface of the latter, the connective tissue between the muscular fibers being continuous with that of the tendon.
		The latter mode of attachment occurs in all the penniform and bipenniform muscles, and in those muscles the tendons of which commence in a membranous form, as the Gastrocnemius and Soleus.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page376.html (685 words)

	Mapping of movement in the isometrically contracting human soleus muscle reveals details of its structural and ...
		D: schematic drawing of the aponeurosis of insertion illustrating the connection (hatched area) of the central tendon (thick fl line) to the posterior aponeurosis in the distal muscle.
		The highest velocities occurred near the aponeuroses that are connected to the Achilles tendon (i.e., median septum and posterior aponeurosis).
		The velocities in the posterior aponeurosis of the soleus insertion
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/95/5/2128 (2850 words)

	Nonuniform strain of human soleus aponeurosis-tendon complex during submaximal voluntary contractions in vivo -- Finni ...
		in the three-dimensional anatomy of the aponeurosis and muscle-tendon
		A: midregion of the aponeurosis lengthened (positive strain) and distal region shortened (negative strain) during the contraction.
		The tendon and one region of the aponeurosis
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/95/2/829 (5250 words)

	Thesis: Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In spite of very complete anatomical descriptions of the palmar aponeurosis, many subjects of discussion remain which are of great practical value for the understanding of the factors that play a role in the development of Dupuytren's disease.
		Early in its development, the aponeurosis appears as a specialized structure which has a retinacular function to retain the metacarpals and the flexor tendons as well as to support the palmar skin against compressive and shearing forces.
		It is anchored on the aponeurosis of the hypothenar muscles and on the fibrous complex that surrounds the metacarpophalangeal joint.
	www.ccmbel.org /Anatomy.html (2772 words)

	The Effect of Heel Elevation on Strain Within the Plantar Aponeurosis: In Vitro Study
		The aim of this study was to quantify strain in the plantar aponeurosis in cadaveric feet with the use of various heel elevation configurations.
		An in vitro method that simulated "static" stance was used to determine the loading characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis (n = 12).
		Heel elevation was evaluated with blocks placed beneath the heel and with a contoured platform that simulated the arch profile of a shoe at three different heel heights (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 cm) with a level plane serving as the control.
	www.datatrace.com /medical/faiintlweb/2205_11.html (230 words)

	APStracts 10:0220A, 2003. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The distribution of strain along the soleus aponeurosis tendon was examined during voluntary contractions in vivo.
		Displacement and strain in the apparent Achilles tendon and in the aponeurosis were calculated from cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance images acquired with a field of view of 32 cm.
		We suggest that the nonuniformity in aponeurosis strain within an individual was due to the presence of active and passive motor units along the length of the muscle, causing variable force along the measurement site.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/2003/jap/May/220a.html (237 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		glutea´lis [TA] gluteal aponeurosis: that part of the fasciculata femoris which lies between the iliac crest and the superior border of the gluteus maximus; from it arises a part of the gluteus medius muscle.
		mus´culi bici´pitis bra´chii [TA] aponeurosis of biceps muscle of arm: an expansion of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle by which it is attached to the fascia of the forearm and to the ulna; called also bicipital a.
		palati´na [TA] palatine aponeurosis: a fibrous sheet in the anterior part of the soft palate, derived mainly from the tendons of the two tensor muscles, giving attachment to the musculus uvulae and to the palatopharyngeus and levator veli palatini muscles.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_53zPzhtm (1761 words)

	[No title]
		Posterior layer/wall =(of rectus sheath) is formed deep to rectus abdominis by the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle and the aponeurosis of half of the internal oblique muscle; it ends at the arcuit line at which point, all muscles inferiorly traverse in front of rectus abdominis.
		External oblique aponeurosis* forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal and the medial crus (medial crus formed by the part of external oblique aponeurosis that diverges to attach to pubic bone & pubic crest medial to pubic tubercle).
		Transversus abdominis aponeurosis forms the posterior wall of rectus sheath and the superior wall/roof via the conjoint tendon of the inguinal canal.
	umed.med.utah.edu /MS1/anatomy/study/ftp/abdo_def.doc (6395 words)

	eMedicine - Stener Lesion : Article by Joseph Rectenwald, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The interposed adductor aponeurosis maintains separation between the ruptured ends of the ligament and thus prevents ligamentous healing and restoration of joint stability.
		With the avulsed end of the UCL caught under the adductor aponeurosis, the severed ligament is folded on itself and thus is prevented from healing and restoring stability to the MCP joint (see Image 2).
		Displacement of the ulnar collateral ligament by the adductor aponeurosis during hyperabduction of the thumb.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic313.htm (2862 words)

	Freelance health care reporter business copywriter medical writer
		Acquired ptosis usually presents in a way that the aponeurosis is dehiscing, as the tissues undergoing senescent changes.
		The main approaches used in ptosis repair are by levator aponeurosis plication or by aponeurosis reinsertion into the tarsal plate.
		Use of these two tools - plication of the aponeurosis or aponeurosis reinsertion - should be done under "monitored" or awake conditions.
	www.wordscomealive.com /articles/cosmetic37820.html?id=37820 (585 words)

	A single technique to correct various degrees of upper lid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy -- Mourits ...
		a loop to the detached aponeurosis (Fig 1c).
		(b) The lateral horn is cut; the aponeurosis together with Müller's muscle is stripped from the conjunctiva and the upper border of the tarsal plate.
		Results of Müllerotomy and levator aponeurosis transposition for the correction of upper eyelid retraction in Graves' disease.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/83/1/81 (2039 words)

	Medical Library Search
		In this repair, the external oblique aponeurosis is opened over the inguinal canal and the spermatic cord is skeletonized.
		Originally a triple layer repair was performed where the transversalis fascia was opened and included with the internal oblique muscle and transverse abdominis aponeurosis and fascia and sewn with interrupted nonabsorbable suture to the iliopubic tract and the shelving edge of the inguinal ligament.
		The McVay (Cooper's Ligament) Repair requires that the medial portion of the iliopubic tract must be excised to expose the medial edge of the femoral sheath and iliopectineal ligament (Cooper's) ligament for the placement of sutures.
	www.medem.com /search/article_display.cfm?path=n:&mstr=/ZZZCDIT96JC.html&soc=SCMA&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH (4902 words)

	Sole of the foot 2: The plantar aponeurosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Beneath the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the sole lies the plantar aponeurosis.
		This fibrous structure is (in lower mammals) an expansion of the tendon of the calf muscle plantaris.
		When the toes are raised (extended) the plantar aponeurosis becomes taut and the arches of the foot become rigidly braced.
	www.gla.ac.uk /ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/sole2.html (100 words)

	Abdomen, Abdominal Wall, & Plexes
		The muscle is enclosed within the rectus sheath formed by the aponeurosis of the lateral abdominal muscles.
		At this insertion the aponeurosis is fused with the aponeurosis of the transverses abdominis muscle to form the conjoint tendon.
		The inferior fibers of the aponeurosis are fused with those of the internal oblique to form the conjoint tendon.
	www.pitt.edu /~anat/Abdomen/Abdomen/Abd.htm (3974 words)

	Complete rupture of the triceps brachii muscle -- Singh and Pooley 36 (6): 467 -- British Journal of Sports Medicine
		Figure 2 The intermuscular aponeurosis (held by the forceps) separating the lateral head of the triceps from the long and medial heads was mobilised.
		The torn ends of the muscle have been sutured together but mainly to the intermuscular aponeurosis.
		The triceps aponeurosis (held by the forceps) is being replaced and sutured back into place.
	bjsm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/36/6/467 (1393 words)

	Equinus information at MyFootShop.com!
		The obturator is placed inside the cannula and both instruments are used together to bluntly dissect across the posterior calf within the subcutaneous space, immediately superior to the gastrocnemius aponeurosis.
		Two incisions are use, one on the medial and another on the lateral aspect of the calf.
		Therefore, we use the cannula as a space to place the endoscope and the slot in the cannula to view the aponeurosis.
	www.myfootshop.com /detail.asp?Condition=Equinus (1098 words)

	Fascial Compartments of the Hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The palmar fascia is thin over the thenar (thumb) and hypothenar (little finger) eminences but is thick centrally where it forms the fibrous palmar aponeurosis.
		A fibrous medial septum extends from the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis to the fifth metacarpal.
		Similarly, a lateral septum extends from the lateral border of the palmar aponeurosis to the first metacarpal.
	info.med.yale.edu /anatomy/notes/upper-limb7-2.html (140 words)

	Meronk Eyelid Ptosis - Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Southern California
		(that is, onset after birth) are related to a deterioration of the levator aponeurosis (tendon) rather than the muscle itself, which remains healthy.
		The aponeurosis develops areas of thinning, localized tears, or sometimes complete detachment and is no longer able to transmit the lift of the levator muscle to the margin of the eyelid.
		Correction entails an exploration of the interior eyelid to determine the precise location and nature of the defect followed by a reinforcement or tucking of the weakened areas.
	www.drmeronk.com /eyelid/ptosis.html (432 words)

	plantar fasciitis
		Since chiselling down the calcaneal [heel] spur also removes the attachment of the plantar aponeurosis [fascia], patients must accept subsequent lowering of the arch of the foot." Another journal article abstract: "Four patients developed calcaneal fractures while walking, soon after bone removal from the under-surface of the calcaneus.
		The aponeurosis is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue containing fibroblasts (collagen-secreting spindle-shaped cells) and bundles of collagen fibres in ordered arrays.
		It says some anatomists define only the central band as the plantar aponeurosis, but that the medial and lateral bands' of the fascia are also aponeurotic (thicker and denser) as they get closer to the heel bone.
	heelspurs.com /_intro2.html (14719 words)

	CSMG \| Press Release, Jan. 08, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The new technique has been performed on a number of surgical incisions with thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters (approximately 1/8") and length of up to 200 millimeters in length (approximately 8").
		After the surgical procedure is completed, the abdominal aponeurosis is reapproximated and closed without the use of sutures, staples, glues, sealant or other foreign materials.
		The organs, including the aponeurosis, when repaired using the Tissue Bonding technology, are reliably sealed and functional.
	www.ctum.com /news/press_10802.html (343 words)

	TRABUCCO HERNIA INSTITUTE
		The inferior crus of the external oblique aponeurosis is dissected from the cribriform fascia to explore the femoral canal and to lengthen the crus.
		The lateral mesh is tucked under the external oblique aponeurosis.
		The aponeurosis of the extra oblique muscle is closed under the spermatic cord without tension, because the inferior crus has been widened during the exploration of the femoral canal
	drinstitute.tripod.com (842 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Fascia and Membrane Tables
		bicipital aponeurosis is an important structure to phlebotomists because it is superficial to the brachial artery and median nerve, but deep to the superficial veins of the upper limb - this provides some protection for the deeper structures during venipuncture
		hypothenar fascia blends with the palmar aponeurosis and attaches to the fifth metacarpal bone; it defines the hypothenar compartment of the hand
		thenar fascia blends with the palmar aponeurosis and attaches to the first metacarpal bone it defines the thenar compartment of the hand
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/fascia_alpha.html (1813 words)

	Dynamic Loading of the Plantar Aponeurosis in Walking -- Erdemir et al. 86 (3): 546 -- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
		output to plantar aponeurosis force, and linear regression analysis was
		aponeurosis tension and Achilles tendon force (r = 0.76).
		of analyzing the function of the plantar aponeurosis throughout
	www.ejbjs.org /cgi/content/abstract/86/3/546 (534 words)

	EHS: Chapter 35: Blepharoplasty
		herniated orbital fat over the fusion of the levator aponeurosis and orbital septum.
		the attachment of the levator aponeurosis and orbital septum to the tarsus.
		the insertion of the levator aponeurosis and orbital septum into the orbicularis muscle and subcutaneous tissues.
	www3.us.elsevierhealth.com /Mosby/CDOnline/Cummings/Questions/chap035.html (143 words)

	eMedicine - Scalp Anatomy : Article by M Abraham Kuriakose, MD, DDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The superficial fascia is a fibrofatty layer that connects skin to the underlying aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle and provides a passageway for nerves and blood vessels.
		Areolar tissue loosely connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the pericranium and allows the superficial 3 layers of the scalp to move over the pericranium.
		Nerve supply: Each occipital belly is innervated by the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve, and each frontal belly is innervated by the frontal branch of the facial nerve.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic1.htm (1599 words)

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