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Topic: Appalachian English

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	Appalachian English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Appalachian English is a common name for the Southern Midland dialect of American English.
		However, the areas where Appalachian English is spoken were settled in the 18th century, and many of the characteristics of the dialect predate the standardization of American English and continue to be passed on orally.
		English speakers who settled the area came mostly from West Anglia, the Scottish Lowlands, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland via Northern Ireland in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and their speech forms the basis of the dialect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Appalachian_English (1322 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: British English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Historically, the widespread usage of English across the world is attributed to the former power of the British Empire, and hence the most common form of English used by the British ruling class that of south-east England (the area around the capital, London, and the ancient English university towns of Oxford and Cambridge).
		English English is a term that has been applied to the English language as spoken in England.
		Southern American English is a group of dialects of the English language spoken throughout the Southern region of the United States, from northern Virginia and central Kentucky to the Gulf Coast, and from the Atlantic coast to central Texas.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/British-English (2909 words)

	Australian English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Australian English began to diverge from British English soon after the foundation of the Colony of New South Wales in 1788.
		The so-called "Americanisation" of Australian English — signified by the borrowing of words, terms, and usages from North American English — began during the goldrushes, and was accelerated by a massive influx of United States military personnel during World War II.
		An important aspect of Australian English usage, inherited in large part from Britain and Ireland, is the use of deadpan humour, in which a person will make extravagant, outrageous and/or ridiculous statements in a neutral tone, and without explicitly indicating they are joking.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_English (2040 words)

	APPBIB2
		Argues for existence of identifiable dialect called Southern Appalachian English "on the basis of cultural solidarity, the boundaries of this dialect [being] more social, more cultural, than geographical"; also argues that the dialect is composed of two varieties--a standard and a nonstandard, both of which have features socially stigmatized by other speakers of American English.
		Variation in Appalachian English: a study of the speech of elderly, rural natives of East Tennessee.
		Appalachian migrants in Cincinnati, Ohio: the role of folklore in the reinforcement of ethnic identity.
	www.as.wvu.edu /~khazen/APPBIB2.htm (6172 words)

	Language English
		English 9 emphasizes the mechanics of grammar and the writing process and stresses vocabulary development and use of the dictionary.
		English 9 aids the students in developing an awareness, understanding, and appreciation of various literary types, including the short story, the novel, biographies and autobiographies, drama, poetry, and non-fiction writings.
		English 10 is a concentrated study in assorted selected literature, with reinforcement in grammar.
	www.wise.k12.va.us /phs/dept_language_english.htm (752 words)

	Department of English - Appalachian State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Applicants must be rising juniors or seniors or graduate students majoring in English, with a need for financial support and with satisfactory academic achievement as demonstrated by a minimum GPA of 3.0.
		This award goes to an undergraduate English major who, in the words of the document establishing this fund, exhibits "exceptional integrity and distinguished academic achievement." Financial need and an interest in journalism also may be taken into consideration.
		The scholarship is awarded to the rising junior or senior Appalachian State University English major whose submissions of prose (fiction, creative non-fiction, or play) or poetry are judged to be the most outstanding works submitted to the creative writing competition named after Truman Capote and endowed by the late author's estate.
	www.english.appstate.edu /scholarships.htm (1341 words)

	Sample Entries
		Appalachian English has common features wherever it is spoken, including in migrant communities in the northern United States.
		For example, Appalachian migrants in Detroit, as well as speakers remaining in the mountains, sometimes add an uh sound to the beginning of words ending in -ing, as in a-talkin' and a-runnin'.
		Appalachian English speakers use some irregular verbs in only one or two forms as principal parts rather than three, as for do (do, done, done instead of do, did, done) and give (give, give, give instead of give, gave, given).
	www.utpress.org /Appalachia/EntryDisplay.php?EntryID=027 (424 words)

	Department of English - Appalachian State University
		The study of literature and the exploration of language and writing – the primary activities in the Department of English – are critical elements to liberal education.
		The Department of English also supports and encourages scholarship, which contributes to the growth of knowledge and the practical application of that knowledge in individual lives and in the service of the Appalachian region and society at large.
		The Department of English serves those students who seek to become teachers of literature and writing as well as those who wish to enter graduate and professional education in literature and writing.
	www.english.appstate.edu (238 words)

	Mountain Language
		Mountain English is a broad term covering the varieties of English spoken in two geographically separate mountainous areas of the United Statesóthe Ozark region of northwestern Arkansas and southern Missouri, and the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, mid-to-southern West Virginia, western Virginia and North Carolina, and northern Georgia.
		Whereas American English in general distinguishes between was and were for grammatically singular and plural subjects (having historically lost this distinction with all other past tense verbs), Mountain English speakers often eliminate the distinction, using was with plural or singular subjects.
		In both Appalachian English and Ozark English, the change is almost complete in constructions with the expletive there, as in There was many flowers on the grave.
	www.ecu.edu /NCFA/AMFOLK/mtnlang.html (690 words)

	Southern Appalachian English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Appalachian dialect defines who they are, whether they live in Kentucky or have moved to Detroit to work in a plant.
		One thing I point out in several articles is that Appalachian speech has a much stronger Scotch-Irish heritage than it does an Elizabethan one.
		This site also has an annotated bibliography of over five hundred publications on the region's English, the most comprehensive listing to be found anywhere.
	www.cas.sc.edu /engl/dictionary. (600 words)

	Marshall University Libraries - Appalachian Studies Research Guide
		Because Appalachian studies interact with many disciplines such as history, psychology, philosophy, and sociology, you may need to consult resources in those fields also.
		Because Appalachian studies crosses many disciplines, there is no one call number area where you can find all of the books on the topic.
		This is the strong introduction to 20th century Appalachian fiction.
	www.marshall.edu /library/guides/appalachian.asp (2625 words)

	Sample Entries
		Although separated by several hundred miles, Appalachian English and Ozark English have long shared a close association in descriptions of language in the southern highlands.
		Early treatments of Ozark English, similar to those of Appalachian English, focused on the supposed archaic quality of the region's dialects.
		Ozark English seems to be closely related to dialects in the eastern half of Tennessee but not to the dialects of western Tennessee and eastern Arkansas.
	utpress.org /Appalachia/EntryDisplay.php?EntryID=025 (572 words)

	The Appalachian Language Bibliography
		Studies "pronunciation of certain words by Appalachian students and analyzes the consistency betwen the Appalachian dialectal pronunciation of certain vowels and the spelling of words" in which they appear"; identifies four "vowel shifts" in Appalachian speech, three dealing with pronunciation of front vowels before /l/.
		Discusses a model "from which Appalachian students can learn to differentiate between their dialectal pronunciation of certain vowels and pronunciation of those vowels in Standard American English" and reports on project using five pilot lessons, based on an aural-oral approach, to assist such students.
		Investigates patterns of modals and associative pronouns in Southern English and their relation to phrase structure rules of other American English dialect systems; concludes that Southern English and other systems can all be classified as dialects of one language.
	www.as.wvu.edu /~khazen/APPBIB2_2.htm (6390 words)

	Center for Appalachian Studies (AS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The southern Appalachian region's unique mix of scenic beauty, distinctive cultures and communities, and wealth in natural resources inspires an enduring search for a balanced regional future, a future which will preserve Appalachia's environment, cultural and historical character, while permitting its people full participation in the advantages of American life.
		Appalachian Studies links the local and national, the regional and global, providing both a framework and a training ground for addressing both local and global concerns.
		The Appalachian Culture Area concentration focuses on scholarship and research in the social sciences, humanities, and fine and applied arts, seeking to deepen understanding of the Appalachian socio-cultural and historical experience.
	www.appstate.edu /www_docs/catalogs/undergrad/AS_DEPT.html (419 words)

	ESL/TESL Appalachian State University
		ENGLISH IN THE MOUNTAINS is designed to enable you the participant to increase your fluency in English.
		At the Appalachian English Language Institute (APPELI), we view language learning as a unified process of speaking and listening, reading and writing in a particular content area.
		You will be matched with a specially chosen tutor who is a native speaker of English, who is studying to become an ESL teacher, and who shares many of your interests.
	www.acs.appstate.edu /~mcgarryr (1232 words)

	English & American Dance Week at Pinewoods 2006
		In the step dancing world she is an accomplished dancer, choreographer and teacher, blending elements of Scottish, Appalachian, English clog and now French-Canadian step dancing to develop her own steps and styles, both structured and improvisational.
		Jon is a composer of brilliant English country dance tunes and waltzes, a frequent performer at dance events and a bassist with the Baltimore Symphony.
		She excites contra and English dancers on both sides of the Atlantic with her energetic and driving fiddling and has played with many bands, including Mountain Road, the Greenfield Dance Band, Yankee Ingenuity, Big Bandemonium and Childsplay.
	www.cdss.org /programs/2006/pw-english-american.html (2555 words)

	Appalachian Syllabi and Resources for Teaching & Learning :: ASA ::
		The Appalachian Studies Association's on-line syllabus archive is a resource for instructors designing Appalachian Studies courses and as well as a partial history of the teaching of Appalachian Studies.
		You may perform a search of the entire archive to look for a syllabus by course name, discipline, institution, or instructor.
		Appalachian Field Practicum/Research - Soc 487 (1 of 3 classes that constitute an "Appalachian Semester cluster)
	www.appalachianstudies.org /syllabi (579 words)

	Appalachian English Vocabulary Variants \| Antimoon Forum
		Having grown up with one parent who spoke quite good, almost 'textbook' English, and the other with a strong regional influence, I began to notice how much different our regional speech was from the standard English I learned in school.
		As I learned other languages and traveled, I came to see that the speech of my native region is so significantly different from the standard that a person from another part of the U.S. would be hard-pressed to follow a conversation between two locals speaking as they normally would with each other.
		I also see a strong distinction between the 'Southern accent' in English and the strong differences in vocabulary and pronunciation that set our local speech apart from that of the textbooks and TV announcers.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t1050.htm (346 words)

	Linguistics at NC State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		He currently is researching the unique variety of English spoken on the Outer Banks of North Carolina as an endangered dialect community, while also conducting a comparative study of the Lumbee Indian, African American, and European American communities in Robeson County, North Carolina.
		In 1992, he was named the first William C. Friday Distinguished Professor in the English Department at North Carolina State University, where he focuses his research efforts on the richly varied dialects of North Carolina under the aegis of the North Carolina Language and Life Project.
		He is currently directing research studies of language on Lumbee English, Hyde County African American English, and fl and white Abaco Sound (Bahamas) English as he expands his research base in North Carolina and beyond.
	www.ncsu.edu /linguistics/bios/wolfram.htm (498 words)

	Do You Speak American \| PBS
		Michael Montgomery explains a hallmark feature of modern Appalachian English (AE) is usually considered to be an archaism a-prefixed to verb present participles.
		This clear historical pathway and two other facts argue that the prefix in Appalachian and other varieties of English is governed primarily by phonological factors.
		Using the 400,000-word Corpus of Smoky Mountain English of 136 speakers born in southern Appalachia between 1843 and 1915, this paper finds significant evidence for the syntactic and phonological hypotheses, but not for the semantic and stylistic hypotheses.
	www.pbs.org /speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/a-prefixing/background (411 words)

	Appalachian Studies - Appalachian State University
		She is Professor of English at Appalachian State University, where she occasionally teaches a course in Appalachian literature.
		She edited Appalachian Mental Health (University of Kentucky Press, 1988) and is currently editing another volume tentatively titled Culturally-Relevant Practice in Appalachia.
		Charles Alan Watkins (Ph.D., University of Delaware 1982) is the Director of the Appalachian Cultural Museum and Adjunct Associate Professor of History.
	www.appstudies.appstate.edu /biographies.html (1605 words)

	Appalachian English Encyclopedia Article @ BareHands.com (Bare Hands) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Appalachian English Encyclopedia Article @ BareHands.com (Bare Hands)
		This page contains quite a lot of relevant information about Appalachian English.
		More Appalachian English Page Titles on this Site
	www.barehands.com /encyclopedia/Appalachian_English (1329 words)

	Annotated Bibliography on Appalachian English
		Compares Ozark and Appalachian English to determine similarity between the two and examines how each preserves patterns and undergoes change; includes extended treatment of auxiliary verbs, personal datives, a -prefixing, patterns of irregular verbs, and subject-verb concord.
		Dietrich, Julia C. The Gaelic roots of a -prefixing in Appalachian English.
		Finds subject-verb concord is grammatical feature with most nonstandard forms, subject relative pronoun deletion is heavily favored by existential there, and a -prefixing "is most likely to occur when there is a stress on the duration of the action"; provides rough correlations of nonstandard forms with educational and occupational indexes.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /IUSSUS/AppEngBibliography.html (11886 words)

	Appalachian Regional Studies Center at Radford University
		The Appalachian Regional Studies Center houses a variety of resources that are available not only to Radford students, faculty and staff, but to the general public.
		In addition, the center has a collection of books on other topics that are pertinent to Appalachian studies, including geography, history, arts and crafts, mining and other technologies, education, and more.
		These projects were completed in English 446, Appalachian Folklore, taught by Ricky Cox, and English 648, Studies in Appalachian Folk Culture, taught by Dr. Grace Toney Edwards.
	www.radford.edu /~arsc/resources.html (891 words)

	Linguistics at NC State
		In 1969 he published one of the first linguistic descriptions of African American Vernacular English and helped launch the national awareness about the role of vernacular dialects in American society.
		He has also authored or co-authored a number of textbooks, including The Study of Social Dialects in American English (1974), Phonological Analysis: Focus on American English (1981), Dialects and Education: Issues and Answers (1989), Dialects and American English (1991), American English: Dialects and Variation (1998) and Language Variation in Schools and Communities (1999).
		In 1992, he was named the first William C. Friday Distinguished Professor in the English Department at North Carolina State University, where he focuses his research efforts on the dialects of North Carolina under the aegis of the North Carolina Language and Life Project.
	www.ncsu.edu /chass/english/linguistics/code/faculty_walt_bio.htm (488 words)

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