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Topic: Appalachian dulcimer

	Appalachian dulcimer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Appalachian dulcimer is a fretted string instrument with three or four strings, although contemporary versions of the instrument can have as many as twelve strings and six courses.
		The frets of the Appalachian dulcimer are arranged in a diatonic scale.
		Appalachian dulcimer manufacture is often conducted by small, family-run businesses located in the American South and particularly in Appalachia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Appalachian_dulcimer (673 words)

	Introduction to the Hammered Dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian Dulcimer, also known as the "mountain", "lap" or "fretted" dulcimer is a more modern instrument which was born in the Appalachian mountains.
		The dulcimer was involved in a revolution over 200 years ago, when the hammer dulcimer and the harpsichord became the immediate parents of the pianoforte.
		The direct impetus for the "keyed dulcimer", from the dulcimer side was the German musician Pantaleon Heibenstreit.
	members.aol.com /kitchiegal/hdulcimer.html (1136 words)

	LVFMS-Instruments-Lap Dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian Dulcimer, also known as the "mountain", "lap" or "fretted" dulcimer is a more modern instrument which was born in the Appalachian mountains with some ancestral ties to earlier German, French and Scandinavian instruments.
		Appalachian dulcimers typically contain 3 to 5 strings tuned to the 1st and 5th notes on the diatonic scale of a particular key.
		The dulcimer is played typically by picking or strumming the the strings with the fingers or with a flat pick while a slide is used to depress the stings up and down different frets to create melodic accompaniment in a diatonic scale.
	www.lvfolkmusicsociety.org /lapdulcimer.html (148 words)

	Appalachian dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian dulcimer is a fretted string instrument with three or four strings.
		Appalachian Dulcimers and Autoharps by Keith Young Keith Young makes fine handcrafted appalachian dulcimers, autoharps,and Limberjacks, teaches dulcimer playing, and performs in the Mill Run Dulcimer band.
		Dulcimer Player News Journal devoted to both hammered and fretted dulcimer with tunes, tips for beginners, reviews, instrument care and repair, interviews, festival information, and dulcimer history.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Appalachian_dulcimer.html (501 words)

	Dulcimer History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Easy to construct, the instrument was made by individuals who peddled their dulcimers, often from the back of wagons along with staples such as salt, needles, and the like.
		A few families became known for their dulcimers; among them is the Hicks family from the Beech Mountain area of North Carolina.
		He first classified the dulcimer as an American folk instrument thereby changing the way the humble instrument was perceived both by scholars and music enthusiasts.
	www.museum.appstate.edu /christmas2002/pages/dulcimer.shtml (542 words)

	Dulcimer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dulcimer is the name given to two types of stringed musical instrument:
		The Appalachian dulcimer, a three-course, fretted, plucked instrument which is also referred to as a mountain dulcimer or just a dulcimer, and
		The Hammered dulcimer, which is a hammer-struck, trapezoid-shaped zither
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dulcimer (125 words)

	Hammered Dulcimer
		Dulcimers originated in the Middle East, probably during the first millennium A.D. The instrument was brought to Europe from the Middle East during the Crusades, and similar instruments have spread around the world.
		The Appalachian Dulcimer, also known as the "mountain", "lap" or "fretted" dulcimer is a more modern instrument which was born in the Appalachian mountains with some ancestral ties to earlier German and Scandinavian instruments, and the French epinette de Vosges.
		The most likely explanation for the application of the name "dulcimer" to the Appalachian dulcimer is that the name for the Appalachian instrument was taken from the Biblical reference to the hammered dulcimer.
	www.santoor.com /hammereddulcimer.html (2205 words)

	Appalachian dulcimer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian dulcimer is a fretted (Click link for more info and facts about string instrument) string instrument with three or four strings, although contemporary versions of the instrument can have as many as twelve strings and six courses.
		This can be used to emphasize the melody, while the other two strings are used as (A pipe of the bagpipe that is tuned to produce a single continuous tone) drone strings.
		This instrument first appeared in the early 1800s in the southern (A mountain range in the eastern United States extending from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico; a historic barrier to early westward expansion of the United States) Appalachian Mountains, and is thus also called a mountain dulcimer.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ap/appalachian_dulcimer.htm (270 words)

	Ralph Lee Smith, Appalachian Dulcimer Traditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian dulcimer is an instrument whose origin is shrouded in the mists of the 19th century, when the descendants of German immigrants began modifying the scheitholt, a simple stringed instrument brought over from the old country.
		It's clear that between the 1930s and the 1970s, when the Appalachian dulcimer disappeared from regional competitions in the Appalachian states, that the same people, the same families, were keeping this instrument alive.
		If you play the Appalachian dulcimer and want to know more about its history, or want to preserve the memory of an instrument played by elderlies in you family, this is the book for you.
	www.greenmanreview.com /dulcimer.html (726 words)

	The Moonlit Road - Appalachian Dulcimer
		The Appalachian dulcimer is frequently confused with the hammered dulcimer, a trapezoidal instrument with several strings stretched across the top that are struck with small wooden hammers.
		The hammered dulcimer was popularized in England during the reign of James I, and was the predecessor to the piano.
		The first Appalachian dulcimers were created by local craftsmen in the mid-nineteenth century, using indigenous hardwoods such as walnut, pecan and maple.
	www.themoonlitroad.com /tailypo/tailypo_cbg007.asp (356 words)

	The Dulcimer Shop. Southwestern Mountain Dulcimers.
		The mountain dulcimer is one of the easiest musical instruments to learn and is also the most economical.
		It is a musical instrument that you may have heard called by a different name, like the lap dulcimer, the mountain dulcimer, Appalachian dulcimer, fretted dulcimer, or American dulcimer.
		The nut and bridge on all my dulcimers are designed for either the traditional string spacing (three course) or the new equidistant string spacing (four course).
	www.dulcimershop.com (848 words)

	appalachian dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian dulcimer is a fretted zither from the mountain country of Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
		The Appalachian dulcimer has for strings, three of which are used as drones.
		Two of the drones are tuned to the same note as the melody string whereas the third drone is tuned a fifth lower.
	engineering.usu.edu /ece/faculty/wheeler/Instruments/appdulcimer.html (110 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Hammer Dulcimer History and Playing
		The true hammer dulcimer is a close relative to the psaltery, the chief difference being that the psaltery is usually plucked and the dulcimer is usually struck.
		Dulcimers were reasonably common domestic and concert instruments in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.
		Dulcimers are usually tuned with a fifth interval between notes on either side of the treble bridge, the left side being higher.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmah/hdhist.htm (1700 words)

	History of the Mountain Dulcimer
		In her Dulcimer Book, first published in 1963 and still in print, she says: "In your left hand is the noter, usually a finger-length of bamboo.
		Music historian Charles Hamm says from the 1800s on, the dulcimer was a solo instrument "used for playing simple melodies supported by a drone, or accompanying ballads or songs with a drone or fragments of a simple ostinato" or repeated musical phrase (82).
		Like Coleridge's Abyssinian maid, the Kentucky girl is also a 'damsel with a dulcimer,' or rather she was before this odd and yet elegant instrument, which descends directly from Elizabethan England, and which looks not unlike a very slender and short-necked violin, began to disappear.
	www.gilamountaindulcimers.com /pete.htm (1245 words)

	Fretted Dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The fretted dulcimer is a narrow folk zither with three to six strings running over a fretted fingerboard.
		Because of its folk origin, the fretted dulcimer is known by many names—mountain dulcimer, Appalachian dulcimer, lap dulcimer, Tennessee music box, hogfiddle, and harmonium—to name a few.
		Some people believe that the fretted dulcimer is derived from European and Asian cousins such as the Alpine scheitholt, the Swedish hummel, the Norwegian langleik, the Icelandic langspil, the French epinette des Vosges, the Japenese koto, and the Chinese ch'in.
	home.neo.rr.com /schrimpf/rita/music/dulcimer.html (637 words)

	The Swannanoa Gathering- Dulcimer Week Staff
		Lois is a popular performer-teacher at dulcimer events around the country, and through arts-in-education residencies she has taught mountain dulcimer playing to over 18,000 elementary school children.
		She started playing the hammered dulcimer’s softer cousin, the Appalachian mountain dulcimer in 1976, and taught and performed on the instrument throughout the US In 1986, Anna began focusing primarily on the hammered dulcimer.
		In addition to a dulcimer proficiency that has made her an award-winner at most of the hammered and mountain dulcimer contests in the country, she plays marimba, piano, and conga drum, and has substantial interest and ability in Celtic, Caribbean, African, and American traditional music.
	www.swangathering.org /Catalog/DU/sgdustaff.html (1499 words)

	Appalachian Bibliography
		Appalachian song lyrics and stories collected from Appalachia the book is illustrated by Linda Anderson and the cassette provides music by Stowe Dailey.
		This is a view of the miners and their families who brought their culture to the towns, and insights into the benefits and the problems of the labor movement.
		QH 104.5.A6 W45 1994 From Alabama to Vermont, this naturalist describes the geology, climate and landscapes of the Appalachian mountains.
	www.otterbein.edu /resources/library/cmbook/subappal.htm (5275 words)

	North East Texas Dulcimer Chorus
		The Mountain or Appalachian dulcimer is generally considered a true American musical instrument, developed in the Appalachian Mountains in the early to mid 1800's.
		It should not be confused with the hammered dulcimer, a trapezoidal-shaped, multi-stringed percussion instrument belonging to the psaltry family.
		The dulcimer mentioned in the King James version of the Bible probably refers to the hammered dulcimer.
	netdulclub.home.att.net (515 words)

	Appalachian Dulcimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Appalachian Dulcimer is not to be confused with its biblical counterpart, the hammered dulcimer, rather in its current incarnation, it is believed to have evolved from a northern European instrument, the German, "scheitholt"
		It is commonly thought that the Appalachian dulcimer was widely used throughout the mountains and hollows of the Appalachian area.
		Most mountain dulcimers are made completely of indigenous hardwoods (i.e., walnut, pecan, maple, etc.) and the workmanship is primitive, to say the least.
	www.cybozone.com /luthier/instruments/dulcimer.html (474 words)

	J.B.Keith Dulcimers
		I am a professional (semi-retired) dulcimer maker with over 30 years' experience.
		Dulcimers are stringed folk instruments dating back many years in history.
		There are two types of dulcimers; I make both.
	www.geocities.com /Nashville/2425 (58 words)

	Seattle Dulcimer - Susan Howell - Seattle Mountain Dulcimer Teacher
		She was a singer in the San Francisco Children’s Opera for 9 years and can still, at the drop of a hat, sing most of the songs from the Broadway musicals of the 50’s and 60’s.
		She acquired her first dulcimer in 1976 and attended the second year of the Pacific Rim Dulcimer Festival, known as Kindred Gathering II.
		The mountain dulcimer is also known as the fretted dulcimer, the lap dulcimer and the Appalachian dulcimer.
	www.seattledulcimer.com (295 words)

	Music Workshop Teachers, Gila Mountain Dulcimers with a southwest flair by Kerry Coates. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Her first recording, “Vive le Dulcimer,” which featured international folk music that she adapted to the dulcimer, was a finalist for an “Indie” Award in the World Music category.
		For 12 years Lois was director of the Appalachian State University Dulcimer Playing Workshop in Boone, NC, and she has expanded and continued her innovative dulcimer teaching work with the Western Carolina University Mountain Dulcimer Week in Cullowhee, NC http://cess.wcu.edu/dulcimer.
		She has been playing for 20 years, taught lessons in Seattle for 15 years plus at festivals and dulcimer camps nationwide; appears on the Masters of the Mountain Dulcimer II CD, is a songwriter and guitarist as well.
	www.gilamountaindulcimers.com /teach.htm (3666 words)

	Free Mountain Dulcimer Lessons - Amazing Gila Mountain Dulcimers with a southwest flair by Kerry Coates.
		Even though my book is going to be called "Mountain Dulcimer Lessons for Newbies", even more advanced students find these lessons helpful in "organizing" their minds in terms of understanding chords and how to use them.
		With your dulcimer tuned to DAd, strumming it open is a D chord....if you barre across the first fret, you have an E chord....
		On the dulcimer, the large spaces between the frets are whole steps and the small spaces between the frets are half steps.
	www.gilamountaindulcimers.com /lessons.htm (780 words)

	protestsongs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When Jean was five her father showed her how to play the family's fl dulcimer, even though she had been sneaking behind the sofa and softly strumming the strings without his knowledge.
		And by the early fifties, the dulcimer had started to enjoy a boom in popularity that was closely associated to Jean's music.
		In 1963 Pete Seeger and Theodore Bikel asked her to be one of the seven original members of the board of directors of the Newport Folk Festival.
	athena.english.vt.edu /~appalach/writersM/protestsongs.html (2917 words)

	dulcimer
		So I just say the mountain dulcimer is a home-made musical instrument developed by people like the Virginians, Kentuckians and up-country Carolinians who settled Illinois in the 1820s and 30s.
		The earliest dulcimer we know of for sure, according to dulcimer historian Ralph Lee Smith, is from the Virginia highlands near Roanoke.
		In time, according to Smith, a journalist and collector who is considered the most knowledgeable historian of dulcimer origins, Scots-Irish settlers in the Virginia highlands heard it and adapted it to the ballads, fiddle tunes and folk hymns of their own musical tradition.
	www.sci.edu /classes/ellertsen/dulcimer.html (604 words)

	minstrel: appalachian dulcimers...again
		In the Spring, 1979 issue of Dulcimer Players News, Volume 5, Number 2, there is a small article by Neal Hellman that talks chattily of the music of the spheres based on an illustration from Robert Fludd's "The History of the Macrocosm" (1617).
		I happened to be in a music store about a week ago (buying a new dulcimer, long sad story omitted of a stolen instrument with a happy ending) and leafed through one of the fretted dulcimer instruction books while I was waiting for the shop to install a set of strap buttons.
		So, I believe the dulcimer is about as period to the Society's purposes as a steel or nylon strung guitar.
	www.pbm.com /pipermail/minstrel/1997/002586.html (1060 words)

	Dulcimer History
		The dulcimer (which literally means "sweet music") has been called by many names, including the Appalachian dulcimer, lap dulcimer and mountain dulcimer.
		The dulcimer is quite different from the guitar or banjo in that it has no set tuning.
		The Jenny Wiley Dulcimer is made in a modified tear-drop shape which I learned from my mentor, a master dulcimer builder, who believed that this shape held to the spirit of the traditional dulcimer made in hills of eastern Kentucky and southern West Virginia.
	www.jennywileydulcimers.com /More.htm (434 words)

	Instrument World: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The mountain, lap, or Appalachian dulcimer is derived from various european zithers that were brought over to America by immigrants in the 18th century.
		Unlike the hammered dulcimer, the mountain dulcimer is plucked, or sometimes bowed.
		Nonsuch Dulcimer Club is a UK based organisation for anyone interested in Hammered Dulcimers and Mountain Dulcimers.
	www.instrumentworld.info /info.php?id=mountain_dulcimer (232 words)

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